Tatuatges i pírcings / No disponible

No disponible

Safety and effectiveness of black tattoo clearance in a pig model after a single treatment with a novel 758 nm 500 picosecond laser: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Optimal selective photothermolysis of a pigment particle requires pulse durations equal to or less than the particle's thermal relaxation time (t(1/2)). Since tattoo particles in skin range in diameter from 40 to 300 nm, picosecond pulses would approximate t(1/2) more closely and, therefore, might be more effective at tattoo particle fragmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: India Ink (carbon) or iron oxide tattoos were placed on the back of a Yorkshire pig. Six weeks later, each tattoo was treated with either a 758 nm 500 picosecond laser (Cynosure), a 755 nm 30-50 nanoseconds laser, or left untreated. After 4 weeks, clinical responses were evaluated by three dermatologists based on pre- and post-treatment photographs; histopathologic findings were evaluated by a dermatopathologist; and electron microscopic findings were analyzed for treated and non-treated carbon tattoos. RESULTS: After a single treatment, picosecond-domain pulses at 758 nm produced a significantly greater degree of carbon tattoo clearance compared to nanosecond-domain pulses at 755 nm. For iron oxide tattoos, both modalities produced minimal-to-poor clearance that was generally comparable. Neither modality resulted in scarring, textural changes, or hypopigmentation, and there was no histopathologic evidence of scarring. Electron micrographs revealed the presence of amorphous material (treated pigment) in picosecond and nanosecond laser-treated tattoos, consistent with effective targeting of India Ink pigment. CONCLUSIONS: The 758 nm 500 picosecond laser is more effective at carbon tattoo clearance after one session in a porcine model than the 30-50 nanosecond laser emitting at a similar wavelength. Both lasers cleared carbon tattoos more effectively than iron oxide tattoos. Both lasers have a comparable safety profile, and neither produced clinical or histopathologic scarring. Further studies in humans are necessary to evaluate whether repeated treatments with picosecond versus nanosecond domain modalities might yield superior tattoo pigment clearance with a comparable safety profile.

Una moda actual, con raices ancestrales / A modern fashion with ancient roots

La piel órgano importante por derecho propio envuelve y protege al cuerpo; tiene funciones vitales; puede contraer enfermedades que no afectan a otros órganos o presentar la manifestación dermatológica de patologías en otros lugares del cuerpo y finalmente, permite ser el soporte, a la manera de un “papiro biológico”, de imágenes ornamentales, rituales o leyendas (tatuajes; estigmas; escarificaciones) en diferentes individuos y grupos sociales. La práctica de los tatuajes es de origen incierto, y con una historia milenaria. Sin embargo se han difundido notoriamente en nuestra sociedad moderna, quizá por los mensajes subliminales a través de los medios gráficos o televisivos, sin analizar mayormente sus consecuencias.

Case report - "choumps" enamel tattoos revisited.

Because all humans have an identity in life, compassionate societies require that this identity be recognized after death. Traits that are incorporated purposefully into the teeth as a result of cultural considerations are common. The positive identification of living or deceased persons using the unique traits and characteristics of the teeth is a cornerstone of forensic science. As an adjunct to the previously published article on "CHOUMPS" Enamel Tattoos, (Journal of Forensic Odonto-stomatology 2007;25:61-2), the present report provides an insight into more patterns of highly individual enamel tattoos, various instruments and procedures to perform it and discusses the myths and beliefs associated with this practice.

Tattoos defined.

Tattoo definitions from general, foreign language, medical dictionaries and textbooks are reviewed. In addition to the common usage "to mark the skin with pigments," the word tattoo, used as a noun, first meant a signal on a drum or bugle to call military men to quarters. This chapter includes a variety of colorful, cultural and historical references. The increasing popularity of tattoos stimulated the American Academy of Dermatology to produce the 2004 brochure Tattoos, Body Piercing and Other Skin Adornments, which is reproduce here. When asked by patients about getting tattooed, it is wise to caution that even with the variety of modern techniques for removal available, some scarring may result.

Efficacy of laser treatment of tattoos using lasers emitting wavelengths of 532 nm, 755 nm and 1064 nm.

BACKGROUND: Multifunctional laser devices can be used to treat tattoos successfully. OBJECTIVES: To report the efficacy of laser treatment in professional, amateur, accidental and permanent make-up tattoos from our own experience and to compare it with the literature. METHODS: We retrospectively studied 74 consecutive patients with professional, amateur, make-up and accidental tattoos between June 1998 and November 2000. Patients were treated with a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (wavelengths of 532 nm and 1064 nm), a Q-switched alexandrite laser (755 nm) and a variable pulse Nd:YAG laser (532 nm). RESULTS: Fourteen patients (19%) achieved a complete response (>95% lightening of treated tattoos), 23 (31%) an excellent response (76-95% lightening) and 21 (28%) a good response (51-75% lightening). Sixteen patients (22%) showed only a slight improvement (< or =50% lightening). Make-up tattoos and blue-black professional tattoos were most successfully treated. Multicoloured professional tattoos needed more treatments (mean +/- SD 5.7 +/- 5.4) in comparison with single-colour tattoos (3.5 +/- 2.0). The amateur tattoos needed fewer treatments (2.8 +/- 1.1) in comparison with professional tattoos. With accidental tattoos the results depended on the particles which had penetrated the skin. In contrast to literature reports, newer tattoos showed a trend to better treatment results than older tattoos. CONCLUSIONS: Using modern Q-switched lasers, tattoos are removed successfully with minimal risk of scarring and permanent pigmentary alterations. Even multicoloured tattoos can be treated successfully and with a low rate of side-effects.

Laser removal of tattoos.

Tattoos are placed for different reasons. A technique for tattoo removal which produces selective removal of each tattoo pigment, with minimal risk of scarring, is needed. Nonspecific methods have a high incidence of scarring, textural, and pigmentary alterations compared with the use of Q-switched lasers. With new advances in Q-switched laser technology, tattoo removal can be achieved with minimal risk of scarring and permanent pigmentary alteration. There are five types of tattoos: amateur, professional, cosmetic, medicinal, and traumatic. Amateur tattoos require less treatment sessions than professional multicolored tattoos. Other factors to consider when evaluating tattoos for removal are: location, age and the skin type of the patient. Treatment should begin by obtaining a pre-operative history. Since treatment with the Q-switched lasers is painful, use of a local injection with lidocaine or topical anaesthesia cream may be used prior to laser treatment. Topical broad-spectrum antibacterial ointment is applied immediately following the procedure. Three types of lasers are currently used for tattoo removal: Q-switched ruby laser (694 nm), Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (532 nm, 1064 nm), and Q-switched alexandrite laser (755 nm). The Q-switched ruby and alexandrite lasers are useful for removing black, blue and green pigments. The Q-switched 532 nm Nd:YAG laser can be used to remove red pigments and the 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser is used for removal of black and blue pigments. The most common adverse effects following laser tattoo treatment with the Q-switched ruby laser include textural change, scarring, and pigmentary alteration. Transient hypopigmentation and textural changes have been reported in up to 50 and 12%, respectively, of patients treated with the Q-switched alexandrite laser. Hyperpigmentation and textural changes are infrequent adverse effects of the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser and the incidence of hypopigmentary changes is much lower than with the ruby laser. The development of localized and generalized allergic reactions is an unusual complication following tattoo removal with the Q-switched ruby and Nd:YAG lasers. Since many wavelengths are needed to treat multicolored tattoos, not one laser system can be used alone to remove all the available inks and combination of inks. While laser tattoo removal is not perfect, we have come a long way since the advent of Q-switched lasers. Current research is focusing on newer picosecond lasers, which may be more successful than the Q-switched lasers in the removal of the new vibrant tattoo links.

[Tattoos. From ritual to ornament with their complications]. / Tatouages. Du rituel à la parure avec leurs complications.

Tattoos are performed for distinct purposes which range from social rituals to aesthetic aims. They are permanent or transient according to the site of the pigments being located either in the dermis or in the stratum corneum, respectively. Tattoos may be responsible for allergic reactions, infections or psychological distress of the subject who requests to be relieved of it.

Tatuaje accidental / Accidental tatoo

Se presenta una paciente de 36 años de edad con un tatuaje accidental por incrustación de pintura en la cara, secundario a un accidente automovilístico hace 20 años. Se realiza una revisión del tema,desde sus orígenes, implicancias culturales, técnicas utilizadas, clasificación, complicaciones y métodos de remoción.

Tatuaje accidental / Accidental tatoo

Se presenta una paciente de 36 años de edad con un tatuaje accidental por incrustación de pintura en la cara, secundario a un accidente automovilístico hace 20 años. Se realiza una revisión del tema,desde sus orígenes, implicancias culturales, técnicas utilizadas, clasificación, complicaciones y métodos de remoción. (AU)