ABSTRACT
O Sistema Nacional de Informaçöes sobre Agentes Teratogênicos (SIAT) foi criado em Porto Alegre, no sul do Brasil, em 1990, com o objetivo de fornecer para médicos e para a populaçäo em geral informaçöes rápidas e atualizadas sobre os riscos reprodutivos relacionados com a exposiçäo a teratógenos. O SIAT, que é o primeiro serviço desse tipo a operar na América Latina, é também uma importante fonte de informaçöes prospectivas sobre a teratogenicidade em humanos. No presente trabalho apresentamos a experiência preliminar deste serviço e suas possíveis contribuiçöes. A introduçäo, a partir de 1992, de serviços similares nas duas maiores cidades brasilieras (Rio de Janeiro e Säo Paulo) e a operaçäo dos três sistemas como uma rede nacional integrada e coordenada aumenta o potencial desse serviço tanto a nível assistencial como de investigaçäo
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Infant, Newborn , Adolescent , Adult , Drug Information Services , Reproduction , Teratogens/adverse effects , Brazil , Educational Status , Follow-Up Studies , Maternal Age , RiskABSTRACT
The data-set of the Hungarian Case-Control Surveillance of Congenital Abnormalities, 1980-1985, demonstrates the occurrence and distribution of drug intakes during pregnancy in the so-called negative control pregnant women delivering unmalformed babies. Of 13.882, only 1260 (9.1%) did not mention drug intakes during pregnancy studied. When vitamins, iron and calcium supplements are excluded, this proportion increases to 29.1%. The most frequently used categories of drugs were sex hormones (41.8%) mainly as hormonal support therapy sedatives, hypnotics and other drugs acting on the central nervous system (38.8%), and drugs acting on the cardiovascular system (33.9%).
Subject(s)
Pregnancy/drug effects , Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects , Female , Gonadal Steroid Hormones/adverse effects , Humans , Hungary , Pregnancy Outcome , Teratogens/adverse effectsSubject(s)
Chlamydia Infections/drug therapy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/drug therapy , Trichomonas Vaginitis/drug therapy , Adult , Chlamydia Infections/diagnosis , Female , Humans , Nurse Midwives , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/diagnosis , Sexually Transmitted Diseases/drug therapy , Teratogens/adverse effects , Trichomonas Vaginitis/diagnosisABSTRACT
Although most teratogens are suspected to act early in the first trimester of pregnancy, birth defects monitoring programs and etiologic studies usually use residence at birth as a proxy measure for residence in the first trimester in searching for environmental teratogens. Because of the high mobility of the U.S. population, residence misclassification can potentially alter inferences concerning environmental teratogens. To evaluate this potential bias, data from the population-based Maryland Birth Defects Reporting and Information System were analyzed. In 1984, the system ascertained 295 infants with one or more of 12 sentinel defects. Of these cases, 59 (20%) mothers reported they have changed address between the time of conception and the time of birth, and 22 have moved to a different county. The residential mobility rate varied by demographic variables and was highest among white women, in the age group 20-24 years. If residence at birth is used as a screening test for residence at conception, it can be shown that in the presence of an environmental teratogenic exposure, misclassification of exposure increases with increasing mobility rate, and population exposure frequency. Such misclassification tends to weaken associations between residence and birth defects and may lead to missing environmental teratogens. This analysis emphasizes the need to use residence information early in pregnancy rather than exclusively at birth.
Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/etiology , Population Dynamics , Pregnancy , Teratogens/adverse effects , Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/epidemiology , Adult , Environmental Exposure , Female , Humans , Information Systems , Male , Maryland , ProbabilityABSTRACT
Visando esclarecer o mecanismo da açäo embriotóxica do barbatimäo, pesquisaram-se os efeitos da administraçäo de sementes de barbatimäo sobre as principais glândulas endócrinas de ratas grávidas. Encontrou-se diminuiçäo do peso dos ovários e do peso e medidas dos corpos lúteos gravídicos no grupo tratado. Numa segunda etapa, foi feita administraçäo de progesterona em ratas tratadas com sementes de barbatimäo. Näo houve alteraçäo dos índices de reabsorçäo dos embriöes, que permaneceram elevados, indicando que o efeito embriotóxico näo seria devido à déficit dos níveis de progesterona. Propöe-se que o efeito do barbatimäo seja através de alteraçöes da zona basal da placenta, acarretando a morte embrionária e atrofia do corpo lúteo
Subject(s)
Pregnancy , Rats , Animals , Female , Progesterone/analysis , Embryo Loss/veterinary , Teratogens/metabolism , Control Groups , Endocrine Glands , Organ Size/drug effects , Teratogens/adverse effectsSubject(s)
Chromosome Inversion , Doxylamine/adverse effects , Ectromelia/chemically induced , Pyridines/adverse effects , Pyridoxine/adverse effects , Teratogens/adverse effects , Dicyclomine , Drug Combinations/adverse effects , Ectromelia/genetics , Female , Humans , Infant , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Trimester, FirstABSTRACT
Information on human teratology has been reviewed. The principles learned from animal experimentation have been integrated with our knowledge in humans. A list and discussion of information sources on the subject has been provided.
Subject(s)
Teratogens/adverse effects , Environmental Exposure , Female , Fever/complications , Health Education , Health Occupations , Humans , Pregnancy , RiskABSTRACT
Experiments on rats were made to study the direct and mediated action of a number of drugs (antibiotics, drugs of the phenothiazine series, prostaglandin F2alpha , partusisten, staphylococcal anatoxin) and alcohol on the development of the fetoplacental complex. The author emphasizes the necessity of a comprehensive approach to the study of the embryotoxic properties of xenobiotics with the use of the methods of in vitro cultivation of mammalian embryos and histological and histochemical examinations of the placenta and liver.
Subject(s)
Embryo, Mammalian/drug effects , Ethanol/adverse effects , Teratogens/adverse effects , Animals , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Fetal Death/chemically induced , In Vitro Techniques , Pregnancy , RatsSubject(s)
Carcinogens, Environmental , Mutagens , Occupational Diseases/genetics , Teratogens , Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/etiology , Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/prevention & control , Abortion, Spontaneous/chemically induced , Animals , Biological Assay/methods , Carcinogens, Environmental/adverse effects , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic , Chromosome Aberrations , DNA Repair , DNA Replication/drug effects , Drosophila/drug effects , Female , Genetic Markers , Humans , Male , Maternal-Fetal Exchange , Mutagens/adverse effects , Mutation , Neoplasms/chemically induced , Neoplasms/prevention & control , Occupational Diseases/chemically induced , Occupational Diseases/prevention & control , Population Surveillance , Pregnancy , Risk , Salmonella/drug effects , Teratogens/adverse effects , ToxicologyABSTRACT
Syndromology is a misunderstood specialty that has much to contribute to the understanding of cranio-facial biology in general and the study of craniofacial anomalies in particular. An introduction to the practice of syndromology and the rudiments of syndrome delineation is presented. The aetiology and pathogenesis of selected craniofacial anomalies (Robin complex, hemifacial microsomia, and craniosynostosis) are considered from the perspective of syndromology.
Subject(s)
Disease , Face/abnormalities , Skull/abnormalities , Syndrome , Chromosomes , Chromosomes, Human, 6-12 and X , Congenital Abnormalities/classification , Congenital Abnormalities/etiology , Congenital Abnormalities/genetics , Craniosynostoses/genetics , Diagnosis , Disease/etiology , Ear, External/abnormalities , Enzymes/deficiency , Humans , Medicine , Metabolism, Inborn Errors/complications , Microstomia/complications , Mouth Abnormalities , Pierre Robin Syndrome/genetics , Pierre Robin Syndrome/pathology , Specialization , Syndrome/classification , Syndrome/etiology , Teratogens/adverse effects , TrisomyABSTRACT
Neural tube defect (NTD) is more common among spontaneously aborted fetuses than in infants born in the third trimester, but there is no direct evidence that NTD-affected conceptuses, presenting at these two different gestational ages, are components of a single disease process. Evidence for homology is here presented in an analysis of the sex ratios of spontaneously and therapeutically aborted NTD-affected fetuses, and of sex ratios differing with variations in prevalence of NTD-affected infants. If it could be shown conclusively that NTD is a single disease process, with an inverse relationship between components expressed early and late in gestation, there would be implications for the ascertainment of families at risk for NTD, and for the search for environmental factors potentially involved in the causation of NTD.
