Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Thymus vulgaris essential oil contained and synthesis thymus (Vulgaris) silver nanoparticles / Atividades antioxidante e antimicrobiana do óleo essencial de Thymus vulgaris contido e síntese de nanopartículas de prata de timo (Vulgaris)

Several species of thymus have therapeutic properties, so they are used in traditional medicine. In this work was carried out to synthesize Thymus vulgalis silver nanoparticles (TSNPS) and evaluate antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of TSNPS and T. vulgalis essential oil extract (TEOE). The essential oils analyzed by GC-MS and were characterized. Major compounds of phenol, 2 methyl 5 (1 methylethyle) (CAS), thymol and 1,2 Benzene dicarboxylic acid, 3 nitro (CAS) (48.75%, 32.42% and 8.12%, respectively) were detected. Results demonstrated that the TSNPS gave a highest DPPH radical scavenging activity, it was obtained 97.2 at 1000 ug/ml. TSNPS, Thymus + Hexane (T+H), Thymus + Ethanol (T+E) gave the greatest antimicrobial activity than amoxicillin (AM) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). In conclusion: The essential oil of thymus (Vulgaris) and thymus (Vulgaris) silver nanoparticles can be a good source of natural preservatives as an antioxidant and antimicrobial agents for increasing the shelf life of foodstuffs.

Diversas espécies de timo possuem propriedades terapêuticas, por isso são utilizadas na medicina tradicional. Neste trabalho foi realizado para sintetizar nanopartículas de prata Thymus vulgalis (TSNPS) e avaliar as atividades antioxidante e antimicrobiana de TSNPS e extrato de óleo essencial de T. vulgalis (TEOE). Os óleos essenciais analisados por GC-MS e foram caracterizados. Os principais compostos de fenol, 2 metil 5 (1 metiletilo) (CAS), timol e ácido 1,2 Benzenodicarboxílico, 3 nitro (CAS) (48,75%, 32,42% e 8,12%, respectivamente) foram detectados. Os resultados demonstraram que o TSNPS deu uma maior atividade de eliminação do radical DPPH , foi obtido 97,2 a 1000 ug / ml. TSNPS, Timo + Hexano (T + H), Timo + Etanol (T + E) deu a maior atividade antimicrobiana do que amoxicilina (AM) e ciprofloxacina (CIP). Em conclusão: O óleo essencial de nanopartículas de prata do timo (Vulgaris) e do timo (Vulgaris) pode ser uma boa fonte de conservantes naturais como agentes antioxidantes e antimicrobianos para aumentar a vida útil de alimentos.

Stress-induced alterations in the programmed natural cycles of post-natal lymphoid organ development in C57BL/6 mice: Evidence for a regulatory feedback relationship between bone marrow and thymus.

This study investigated some effects of weaning and immobilization stress in C57BL/6 mice aged 22-68 days, i.e., over a period including activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and puberty. Specifically, the study evaluated the evolution, over the referred age interval, of a set of variables (body, thymus, spleen and axillary lymph nodes weights, the proportion of lymphoid cells in the bone marrow, the relative chemoattraction capacity of thymic supernatants for lymphoid cells and the migratory capacity of bone marrow lymphoid cells) in either weaned mice or weaned mice subjected to immobilization stress, compared to "non-stressed" unweaned mice. Cyclic patterns, observed for most variables in unweaned mice, were especially pronounced in two cases: the relative migratory capacity of bone marrow lymphoid cells collected at different ages towards neonatal thymic supernatant, and the relative chemoattraction capacity of thymic supernatants of different ages as tested against a sample of bone marrow lymphoid cells from mice aged 35 days. Weaning stress tended to intensify the involution stages of the cycles in thymus, spleen and lymph node weight, but increased the relative proportion of lymphoid cells in the bone marrow cell population. Both types of exogenous stress tended to affect cycle phase, i.e., cycle peaks and troughs were shifted in time. Correlations were observed between patterns seen in the thymus and bone marrow, suggesting the existence of an autoregulatory feedback loop governing pre-T cell migration and bone marrow/thymus homeostasis. These results also suggest that exogenous stress acts as a non-programmed regulator, modulating the naturally programmed cyclic patterns.

Isolation and identification of a new thymic peptide from calf thymus.

Various thymic peptides (including thymulin, thymic humoral factor, thymopoietin, etc.) play important roles in the process of T cell maturation and development. We isolated a new peptide from calf thymus and named it thymus activity factor II (TAF-II). A yield of 0.92 mg of TAF-II was purified from 500 g calf thymus. Analysis by LC/MSD-Trap showed the amino acid sequence of this hexapeptide to be Glu-Ala-Lys-Ser-Gln-Gly-OH with molecular weight 618.5 daltons. We have also begun to investigate the influence of TAF-II.

The thymus extract Thymex-L potentiates the retinoic acid-induced differentiation of the human myeloid leukemia cell line HL-60.

The human promyelocytic cell line HL-60 can be differentiated with retinoic acid (RA) along the granulocytic pathway. Numerous studies have identified many synergistic combinations of RA with cytostatics, cytokines and other inducers. A combination of RA with the crude thymus extract Thymex-L increased differentiation of HL-60 cells as confirmed by two functional assays and morphology, whereas the extract itself did not show any effect. The functional markers phagocytosis-associated chemiluminescence and nitroblue tetrazolium reduction were more enhanced (up to 4-fold with 1000 micrograms/ml Thymex-L) than morphology. The effect was found over a wide RA concentration range (10(-11) - 10(-6) M) and was dependent on extract concentration. The half-maximal induction of both functional markers was reached at 400 micrograms/ml. To achieve the same effect with the combination in comparison with RA alone, an RA dose reduction of about 100-fold was estimated. The effect was also seen when the cells were pretreated with the thymus extract for two days. The enhancement of RA action by Thymex-L was not correlated with an increase of extracellular or intracellular RA concentration. The active compound in Thymex-L is heat stable and bigger than 5 kDa as confirmed by gelfiltration. The defined thymus peptides thymosin alpha 1, prothymosin alpha 1 and thymopentin were unable to synergistically enhance HL-60 differentiation. These data suggest that the treatment with a thymus extract can increase the sensitivity of HL-60 cells for RA. This may have clinical implications.