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1.
São Paulo; s.n; 20/12/2012. 79 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1505237

ABSTRACT

Rickettsia rickettsii é uma bactéria Gram-negativa, intra-celular obrigatória, causadora de uma grave riquetsiose em humanos, chamada no Brasil de Febre Maculosa Brasileira (FMB). Os carrapatos vetores de R. rickettsii para humanos, conhecidos até o momento no Brasil são Amblyomma cajennense e Amblyomma aureolatum. O presente estudo avaliou o tempo mínimo de parasitismo de A. aureolatum (ninfas não-alimentadas, machos adultos em jejum e pré-alimentados), infectadas por R. rickettsii, para que ocorra a transmissão da bactéria para o hospedeiro vertebrado. [...] De acordo com os resultados obtidos, ninfas não alimentadas de carrapatos A. aureolatum, infectados por R. rickettsii, necessitam realizar o repasto sanguíneo por um período mínimo de 12 horas, para que ocorra a transmissão da bactéria ao hospedeiro vertebrado; carrapatos adultos não alimentados, infectados por R. rickettsii, necessitam realizar o repasto sanguíneo por um período mínimo de 10 horas, para que ocorra a transmissão da bactéria ao hospedeiro vertebrado; e carrapatos adultos infectados por R. rickettsii e pré-alimentados em coelhos por 48 horas, necessitam realizar o repasto sanguíneo por um período mínimo de 10 minutos, para que ocorra a transmissão da bactéria ao hospedeiro vertebrado, utilizando-se cobaias como modelo experimental


Rickettsia rickettsii is the causative agent of the most severe rickettsiosis, known in Brazil as Brazilian Spotted Fever (BSF). Tick vectors of R. rickettsii to humans in Brazil are Amblyomma cajennense and Amblyomma aureolatum. The present study determined the minimum feeding period required for A. aureolatum-infected unfed nymphs, unfed adults, and fed adults to transmit infective forms of R. rickettsii to naïve guinea pigs. [...] According to the results, unfed nymphs of R. rickettsii-infected A. aureolatum ticks must feed for a minimum of 12 hours to transmit the bacterium to the vertebrate host; unfed R. rickettsii-infected adult ticks must feed for a minimum of 10 hours for transmission to occur, while previously fed adult ticks must feed for a minimum of 10 minutes to transmit R. rickettsii to vertebrate hosts, using guinea pigs as experimental model


Subject(s)
Animals , Ticks/pathogenicity , Tick Infestations/physiopathology , Tick Infestations/veterinary , Rickettsia rickettsii/isolation & purification , Guinea Pigs , Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever/transmission , Insect Vectors
2.
Seropédica; s.n; 01/02/2012. 90 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1504753

ABSTRACT

Os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar o estado fisiológico, sazonalidade, idade, genética, número de lactações, produção leiteira, densidade de vetor e taxa de lotação como potenciais fatores de risco para a infestação pelo carrapato Rhipicephalus microplus e a frequência de anticorpos da classe IgG contra a Rickettsia Anaplasma marginale em bovinos leiteiros. Foram selecionados randomicamente 80 vacas e 20 bezerras pertencentes a Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuaria do Rio de Janeiro por amostragem estratificada proporcional. Os animais foram acompanhados nos anos de 2008 a 2010. A avaliação da resistência dos bovinos ao R. microplus foi realizada através da contagem de fêmeas ingurgitadas ou parcialmente ingurgitadas de R. microplus. Os dados foram transformados em log 10 (2`count + 1). Em seguida, foram submetidos a análise da variância, testes t de Student ou Tukey e regressão linear. Para avaliar a resposta imune humoral contra A. marginale foi utilizado o Ensaio Imunoadsorção Enzimático Indireto. A frequência de animais soropositivos para A. marginale foi submetida ao teste ?2, e aquelas com p<0,2 foram oferecidas à análise multivariada. Foram observadas altas contagens de carrapatos (36 carrapatos/animal) e redução significativa (p<0.01) dos títulos de anticorpos contra A. marginale durante o parto. Foram considerados fatores de risco à anaplasmose o parto (OR 2.61, IC 1.08?7.63), estado fisiológico (OR 4.5, IC 0.12?0.38), genética (OR 3.83, IC 0.08?0.28), número de lactações (OR 33.7, IC 2.14?5.16), produção leiteira (OR 3.9, IC 2.24?7.03), infestação por R. microplus (OR 10.3, IC 0.05?0.17) e densidade animal (OR 22.3, IC 0.05?0.17). As bezerras apresentaram prevalência de 14% ao nascer, 66% aos 12 meses e 79% aos 24 meses. A baixa soroprevalência dos bezerros recém-nascidos (OR 4.90, IC 0.13?0.31) foi consequência da baixa prevalência do agente nas vacas e não pela deficiência na transferência de anticorpos colostrais. Embora localizada em uma área de estabilidade enzoótica, a propriedade foi classificada como instável para A. marginale


Subject(s)
Female , Animals , Cattle , Tick Infestations/classification , Tick Infestations/physiopathology , Tick Infestations/genetics , Tick Infestations/parasitology , Tick Infestations/veterinary , Rhipicephalus/immunology
3.
Exp Appl Acarol ; 30(4): 305-16, 2003.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14756395

ABSTRACT

We report biological data of two generations of Amblyomma triste in laboratory and compared the suitability of different host species. Infestations by larval and nymphal stages were performed on guinea pigs (Cavia porcellus), chickens (Gallus gallus), rats (Rattus norvegicus), rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), wild mice (Calomys callosus), dogs (Canis familiaris) and capybaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris). Infestations by adult ticks were performed on dogs, capybaras and rabbits. Tick developmental periods were observed in an incubator at 27 degrees C and RH 90%. Guinea pigs were the most suitable hosts for larvae and nymphs, followed by chickens. The remaining host species were less suitable for immature ticks as fewer engorged ticks were recovered from them. Mean larval feeding periods varied from 3.8 to 4.7 d between different host species. Mean larval premolt periods ranged from 8.9 to 10.4 d. Nymphal mean feeding periods varied from 4.2 to 6.2 d for ticks fed on different host species. Premolt period of male nymphs (mean: 15.4 d) was significantly longer than that of female nymphs (14.7 d). Female nymphs were significantly heavier than male nymphs. The overall sex ratio of the adult ticks emerged from nymphs was 0.9:1 (M:F). Capybaras were the most suitable host for the tick adult stage as significantly more engorged females were recovered from them and these females were significantly heavier than those recovered from dogs or rabbits. The life cycle of A. triste in laboratory could be completed in an average period of 155 d. The potential role of guinea pigs, birds and capybaras, as hosts for A. triste in nature, is discussed.


Subject(s)
Ixodidae/growth & development , Animals , Animals, Laboratory , Chickens/parasitology , Disease Models, Animal , Dogs/parasitology , Guinea Pigs/parasitology , Host-Parasite Interactions , Larva , Life Cycle Stages , Mice/parasitology , Rabbits/parasitology , Rats/parasitology , Tick Infestations/physiopathology
4.
Vet Parasitol ; 63(1-2): 95-108, 1996 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8792584

ABSTRACT

A 3-year study into the seasonal variation in the numbers of Boophilus microplus ticks infesting three breeds of beef cattle in Paraguay was carried out to provide the basic data necessary to formulate tick control recommendations. The effect of tick burden on weight gain was also analysed. Economic parameters for tick control were calculated. Half body counts of standard female B. microplus were carried out every 2 weeks, at the same time engorged female ticks were placed in the field to observe time to oviposition, larval hatching and 50% survival time. Cattle were weighed every 2 months. Peak tick burdens were encountered in late autumn, with a winter low. Observations of the non-parasitic cycle of the tick suggested that four generations year-1 were possible. High tick burdens were well correlated to low weight gains or weight losses, depending on the breed of cattle. Compensatory weight gains were seen in all three breeds at the end of winter when tick burdens decreased. The economic threshold for tick treatment was calculated at 53 and 54 ticks per animal in 2 separate years of the study. Recommendations for tick control programmes are given.


Subject(s)
Cattle Diseases , Ixodes , Tick Control , Tick Infestations/veterinary , Animals , Cattle , Female , Ixodes/physiology , Larva , Male , Oviposition , Paraguay/epidemiology , Seasons , Tick Infestations/epidemiology , Tick Infestations/physiopathology , Weight Gain
5.
Trop Anim Health Prod ; 11(4): 215-21, 1979 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-552671

ABSTRACT

One hundred and sixteen pure-bred Normandy calves previously immunised against babesiosis and anaplasmosis were transported to the Caribbean Coast of Colombia where they divided into 2 equal groups and placed in separate pastures. One group sustained heavy infestation with Boophilus microplus ticks. The second group became lightly infested. The heavily infested calves suffered average losses in body weight of 38 kg and a 48% decrease in mean packed cell volume. Twenty-three (40%) died 16 to 39 days following arrival from severe ixodiasis and babesiosis. Mortality did not occur nor were significant weight losses observed in the group of lightly infested calves.


Subject(s)
Babesiosis/mortality , Cattle Diseases/mortality , Tick Infestations/veterinary , Anemia/etiology , Anemia/veterinary , Animals , Babesia/isolation & purification , Babesiosis/physiopathology , Blood/parasitology , Body Weight , Cattle , Cattle Diseases/physiopathology , Colombia , Hematocrit , Immunization/veterinary , Male , Tick Infestations/mortality , Tick Infestations/physiopathology , Tropical Climate
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