ABSTRACT
Introducción. La sumisión química en relación con los delitos contra la libertad sexual se puede aplicar tanto a los casos de administración subrepticia de determinadas sustancias, como a los casos oportunistas por una mayor vulnerabilidad de la víctima debido al consumo voluntario de las mismas. Material y métodos. Se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de los casos de agresiones sexuales relacionados con el consumo de sustancias químicas, remitidos durante los años 2010, 2011 y 2012 al Departamento de Madrid del Instituto Nacional de Toxicología y Ciencias Forenses. Se ha recogido información en relación con el perfil de la víctima, el tipo de muestras biológicas remitidas y los resultados toxicológicos. Resultados. De los 306 casos de agresión o abuso sexual remitidos, 107 han cumplido los criterios de inclusión. El perfil de la víctima es el de una mujer española o latinoamericana joven (edad media: 25,9 años), que admite consumo de alcohol previo al episodio, y que sufre de amnesia total o parcial de los hechos. Las muestras remitidas han sido sangre (27,1%), orina (14%) o ambas (57%). El análisis toxicológico ha sido positivo en el 87,9% de los casos, y las sustancias identificadas han sido etanol (61,7%), fármacos (40,2%, fundamentalmente benzodiacepinas) y drogas ilícitas (27,1%, fundamentalmente cocaína), solas o en combinación. Conclusiones. El estudio refleja la necesidad de trabajar en prevención e información de potenciales víctimas y personal sanitario, que una temprana y adecuada toma de muestras son factores claves a la hora de confirmar el diagnóstico, y que las sustancias detectadas, lícitas e ilícitas, pertenecen a un patrón de consumo frecuente en nuestra sociedad (AU)
Introduction. Drug-facilitated sexual assault crimes can be applied in cases of covert administration of certain substances, as well as cases in which the victim voluntarily consumes these same substances. Materials and methods. This study describes retrospectively cases of sexual assault related to the consumption of chemical substances. They were reported to the Madrid Department of the National Institute of Toxicology and Forensic Sciences during 2010, 2011 and 2012. We collected information related to the victim's profile, the type of biological samples given and the results of the toxicological analysis. Results. Out of 306 cases of sexual assault or abuse referred, 107 have met the inclusion criteria. The victim's profile is of a young Spanish or Latin-American woman (mean age: 25.9 years) who admits to consuming alcohol prior to the episode and suffering from total or partial amnesia with regard to the facts. The given samples were blood (27.1%), urine (14%) or both (57%). Toxicological analysis was positive in 87.9% of cases and the substances identified were ethanol (61.7%), pharmaceuticals (40.2%, mainly benzodiazepines), and illicit drugs (27.1%, primarily cocaine) either alone or in combination. Conclusions. This study reflects the requirement to work in prevention and training of potential victims and healthcare personnel, proves that an early and adequate collection of samples are key factors to confirm the diagnosis and identifies that detected licit or illicit substances belong to a frequent consumption pattern (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Sex Offenses/legislation & jurisprudence , Sex Offenses/statistics & numerical data , Sex Offenses/trends , Crime Victims/legislation & jurisprudence , Victims Identification , Forensic Toxicology/legislation & jurisprudence , Forensic Toxicology/methods , Forensic Toxicology/trends , Forensic Medicine/methods , Forensic Medicine/trends , Domestic Violence/legislation & jurisprudence , Domestic Violence/statistics & numerical data , Domestic Violence/trends , Toxicological Symptoms/analysis , Retrospective Studies , Forensic Toxicology/organization & administration , Forensic Toxicology/statistics & numerical data , Forensic Toxicology/standards , Forensic Medicine/organization & administration , Forensic Medicine/standardsABSTRACT
O presente trabalho estudou a intoxicação acidental por arsênico em um lote de 24 vacas Girolando, as quais tiveram acesso a pasto pulverizado com herbicida à base de metano arsonato ácido monossódico (MSMA). Os bovinos apresentaram apatia, anorexia e diarreia profusa. Foram necropsiados na fazenda dois animais de 14 que morreram. Os principais achados macroscópicos foram úlceras abomasais e congestão renal. No exame microscópico, as principais lesões observadas foram abomasite e omasite necro-hemorrágica multifocal acentuada e, nos rins, necrose tubular difusa. As concentrações médias de arsênico em vacas com sinais clínicos foram 1,19±0,40, 10,52±2,16 e 76,06±48,37ppm no sangue, leite e fezes, respectivamente. Os níveis de arsênico encontrados em dois animais necropsiados foram 25,58 e 23,85ppm em fígado, e 28,71 e 35,94ppm em rins, respectivamente. No feto de uma vaca necropsiada, os níveis de arsênico mensurados no fígado e rim foram 9,0 e 8,92ppm, respectivamente. A concentração de arsênico no capim do piquete pulverizado foi 111,58ppm. No Brasil, o uso MSMA na composição de pesticidas e herbicidas é permitido somente para uso agrícola, mas não pecuário. A utilização desse ou de outros produtos à base de arsênico na pecuária pode causar altos índices de mortalidade no rebanho, além de diminuição da produção e contaminação de produtos de origem animal.
Poisoning by monosodium methanearsonic acid (MSMA) is reported in a herd of 24 Girolando cows that were introduced into a pasture sprayed with the herbicide. Clinical signs were apathy, anorexia, and profuse diarrhea. Fourteen cows died and two were necropsied. Abomasal ulcers and renal congestion was observed. Main histologic lesions were multifocal, accentuated, necrotizing and hemorrhagic abomasitis and omasitis, and tubular necrosis in the kidneys. Mean arsenic concentrations in cows with clinical signs were 1.19±0.40, 10.52±2.16, and 76.06±48.37ppm in blood, milk, and feces, respectively. In the two necropsied cows arsenic concentrations were 25.58 and 23.85ppm in liver, and 28.71 and 35.94ppm in kidney, respectively. In a fetus of a cow that was necropsied, arsenic concentrations were 9.0 and 8.92ppm in liver and kidney, respectively. Arsenic concentration in the grass collected from the paddock sprayed with MSMA was 111.58ppm. In Brazil, the use of MSMA in the composition of herbicides is allowed only for agricultural use, not for livestock. The use of arsenic based products for livestock can lead to high mortality rates in the herd, as well as reduced production and contamination of animal products.
