Psicoterapia relacional del Trastorno Límite de Personalidad - Parte I / Relational psychotherapy of borderline personality disorder

El presente artículo constituye la primera parte de dos artículos dedicados a la Psicoterapia Relacional del Trastorno límite de personalidad. A pesar de que muchos modelos de psicoterapia entienden que las relaciones con personas significativas forman la base de la personalidad, no todos conciben la relación terapéutica como la herramienta fundamental del cambio personal. En el presente artículo, se describen en primer lugar los presupuestos básicos del Movimiento relacional que ha aproximado numerosas corrientes de psicoterapia. Posteriormente, se resumen las aportaciones de los principales autores que han realizado avances significativos en el tratamiento psicoterapéutico del trastorno límite de personalidad. La última parte describe los principios básicos de una psicoterapia relacional de este trastorno utilizando un abordaje que prima la relación como eje vertebral del tratamiento y la implicación y sintonía del terapeuta (AU)

The current article is the first part of two devoted to Relational Psychotherapy in Borderline Personality disorders. Although a lot of Psychotherapy models support the idea that meaningful relationships in childhood with significant people are at the base of personality development not all think about therapeutic relationship as the main tool to achieve personal change. In this article the basic principles of Relational movement, one that is currently helping different psychotherapy schools to get closer, are described. Then the development of meaningful approaches to Borderline Personality Disorder psychotherapy is summarized. The last part presents the basic principles of a Relational Psychotherapy of these disorders with an approach which underlines therapeutic relationship and the involvement and attunement of psychotherapist as the core of treatment (AU)

Transformational leadership in the local police in Spain: a leader-follower distance approach

Based on the transformational leadership theory (Bass, 1985), the aim of the present study was to analyze the differences in leadership styles according to the various leading ranks and the organizational follower-leader distance reported by a representative sample of 975 local police members (828 male and 147 female) from Valencian Community (Spain). Results showed differences by rank (p < .01), and by rank distance (p < .05). The general intendents showed the most optimal profile of leadership in all the variables examined (transformational-leadership behaviors, transactionalleadership behaviors, laissez-faire behaviors, satisfaction with the leader, extra effort by follower, and perceived leadership effectiveness). By contrast, the least optimal profiles were presented by intendents. Finally, the maximum distance (five ranks) generally yielded the most optimal profiles, whereas the 3-rank distance generally produced the least optimal profiles for all variables examined. Outcomes and practical implications for the workforce dimensioning are also discussed (AU)

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Estilos de liderazgo en la Selección Española de Taekwondo / Leaders styles in the spanish national taekwondo team

Existe un creciente interés investigador por entender el rol de los entrenadores deportivos como agentes de influencia. Los estilos de liderazgo transformacional y transaccional (Bass, 1985) han sido poco explorados en el contexto deportivo. El presente estudio extiende investigaciones previas en este contexto, específicamente en el taekwondo de alto rendimiento. El objetivo de este estudio consistió en examinar las conductas de liderazgo en la selección española de taekwondo (N = 34; M edad = 21 + 3.62 años) y explorar si el liderazgo transformacional aumentaba los efectos del transaccional sobre el esfuerzo extra de los deportistas, la eficacia percibida del entrenador y la satisfacción con su entrenador (variables de resultado). Los resultados confirman los efectos positivos de los estilos transaccionales y transformacionales sobre las variables de resultado de los taekwondistas. Asimismo, se confirma el impacto positivo del liderazgo transformacional aumentando los efectos del liderazgo transaccional (augmentation effect) (AU)

Interest is growing in conducting research on the role of coaches as agents of influence. Within the context of sport, transactional and transformational leadership styles (Bass, 1985) have not been explored very often. This study extends previous research within this context, specifically in high performance taekwondo. The purpose of this study was to examine leadership behaviours in the Spanish National Taekwondo Team (N = 34, M age = 21 + 3.62 years of age) and explore whether transformational leadership increased the impact of transactional leadership on the athlete’s extra effort and the perceived effectiveness of and satisfaction with their coach (outcome variables). The results confirmed the positive effects of transactional and transformational styles on the taekwondo players’ result variables. Furthermore, the positive impact of transformational leadership augmented the effects of transactional leadership (AU)

Liderazgo transformacional y liderazgo trasaccional: un análisis de la estructura factorial del Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) en una muestra española / Transformational and transactional leadership: an analysis of the factor structure of the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) in a Spanish sample

El Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) es, desde hace dos décadas, uno de los instrumentos más utilizados para medir el liderazgo en el ámbito organizacional. Sin embargo, la estructura factorial propuesta por los autores del cuestionario ha recibido diversas críticas. El objetivo de este trabajo es comprobar el ajuste de dicha estructura factorial y de otros posibles modelos alternativos utilizando una versión española del MLQ. Para ello, se aplicó el análisis factorial confirmatorio a los resultados obtenidos en una muestra de 954 participantes. Los resultados revelan que el modelo que mejor ajuste presenta es el que está formado por cuatro factores: liderazgo transformacional, liderazgo facilitador del desarrollo/transaccional, liderazgo correctivo y liderazgo pasivo/evitador. Este modelo es parsimonioso y teóricamente coherente(AU)

The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) has been one of the most commonly used instruments to assess leadership in organizational settings for the last two decades. However, the factor structure proposed by the MLQ authors has received some criticism. The aim of this work is to examine the fit indices of several alternative factor models suggested by the literature. In order to accomplish this objective, we conducted confirmatory factor analyses in a sample of 954 participants using a Spanish version of the MLQ. Results show that the model that produces the better fit with the data consists of four factors: transformational leadership, developmental/transactional leadership, corrective leadership and avoidant/passive leadership. This model is parsimonious and consistent with the MLQ literature(AU)