Valores, costumbres y estructuras familiares en 1901: una mirada a los cuidados culturales actuales / Values, customs and family structures in 1901: a look at the current cultural care

La actual dinámica social hace que el cuidado de enfermería se convierta en un desafío permanente, pues debe considerar las continuas transformaciones de los aspectos socioculturales de las personas para ofrecer unos cuidados de calidad. Sin embargo, hay personas que mantienen creencias, normas y prácticas familiares tradicionales que pasan de generación en generación. Una forma de explorar estas es a través del análisis de fuentes documentales históricas. Este estudio propone conocer las creencias, tradiciones, prácticas y estructuras familiares de la comarca del Bierzo (León, España) en 1901. Utilizaremos para ello, como referente documental, las respuestas dadas acerca del “Matrimonio” en la “Encuesta del Ateneo de Madrid” de 1901. Esta encuesta recogía las creencias, tradiciones y prácticas de la sociedad de la época en todo el territorio nacional, aunque, en este caso concreto, nos limitemos a la comarca del Bierzo. Esta profundización en el conocimiento holístico ayudaría a que las enfermeras puedan planificar y ejecutar intervenciones donde los pacientes se sientas valorados y tratados como seres únicos y respetados considerando sus características de individualidad y sus contextos particulares

Current social dynamics make nursing care a permanent challenge since it must consider the continuous transformations of the sociocultural aspects of people to offer quality care. However, some people maintain traditional family beliefs, norms and practices that are passed from generation to generation. One way to explore these is through the analysis of historical documentary sources. This study proposes to know the beliefs, traditions, practices and family structures of the Bierzo region (León, Spain) in 1901. We will use, as a documentary reference, the answers given about the "Marriage" in the "Survey of the Ateneo of Madrid" of 1901. This survey collected the beliefs, traditions and practices of the society of that period throughout the national territory. However, in this specific case, we limit the information to the Bierzo region. This deepening of holistic knowledge would help nurses to plan and execute interventions where patients feel valued and treated as unique and respected beings considering their characteristics and their particular contexts

Leininger's Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality: An Overview With a Historical Retrospective and a View Toward the Future.

An historical overview of Leininger's Theory of Culture Care Diversity and Universality also known as the Culture Care Theory (CCT) and evolution of the Sunrise Enabler are presented along with descriptions of the theory purpose, goal, tenets, basic assumptions, major core constructs, and orientational definitions. Recent articles, books, and book chapters provide relevant exemplars to enhance scholarly understanding and application of theory constructs. Proposed future directions encompass using the CCT to guide research of discovery and translational research projects for evidenced-based nursing practice; develop nursing courses and curricula to prepare culturally competent nurses; guide future culturally competent administrative and leadership policies and procedures; inform public policy related to cultural diversity and underserved populations; promote grant writing initiatives to enhance cultural diversity in hiring nursing staff, supervisors, and faculty; and promote admission of nursing students from underserved and/or diverse backgrounds.

Hacia una antropología del cuidar / Towards an anthropology of caring

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O movimento de mulheres piauienses para obter sua formação profissional como enfermeiras 1959-1973 / El movimiento de las mujeres de Piauí em aras de su formación como enfermeras 1959-1973 / The movement of Piaui women for their professional education as nurses 1959-1973

O estudo objetivou descrever a luta de mulheres piauienses por sua formação como enfermeiras em outros estados do Brasil. Tratase de uma pesquisa histórico- social produzida a partir de fontes orais e secundárias. Os dados foram analisados à luz dos conceitos de espaço social, campo, capital, poder simbólico, luta e violência simbólica de Pierre Bourdieu. Os resultados apontam as lutas simbólicas no processo de formação profissional dessas piauienses, em sua maioria, em universidades na região nordeste. Ao realizarem o curso de enfermagem fora do Estado, essas jovens tiveram um conjunto de conhecimentos incorporados, que aliados à diversidade de culturas favoreceram o ganho de capital científico e cultural. Conclui-se que as lutas desenvolvidas por essas mulheres resultaram em ganhos simbólicos e sociais, além da incorporação do habitus profissional. O estudo contribuirá para a história da enfermagem, na construção de novos registros, além de abrir portas para a realização de novas pesquisas sobre a temática (AU)

El estudio tuvo como objetivo describir la lucha de las mujeres Piauí para su formación como enfermeras en otros estados de Brasil. Se trata de una investigación histórico-social producida a partir de fuentes orales y secundarias. Los datos se analizaron de acuerdo a los conceptos de espacio social, campo, el capital, el poder simbólico, la lucha y la violencia simbólica de Pierre Bourdieu. Los resultados muestran las luchas simbólicas en el proceso de formación de éstos mujeres piauienses, en su mayoría en las universidades en el noreste. En la realización del programa de enfermería fuera del estado, estos jóvenes tenían un conjunto de conocimientos incorporados, lo que combinado con la diversidad de culturas favoreció el capital científico y cultural de ganancia. En conclusión, las luchas que estas mujeres resultaron en ganancias simbólicas y sociales así como la incorporación de habitus profesional. El estudio contribuirá a la historia de la enfermería en la construcción de nuevos registros, y abrir las puertas a nuevas investigaciones sobre el tema (AU)

The study aimed to describe the struggle of Piauí women for their training as nurses in other Brazilian states. It is a social-historical research produced from oral and secondary sources. Data were analyzed according to the concepts of social space, field, capital, symbolic power, struggle and symbolic violence of Pierre Bourdieu. The results show the symbolic struggles in the training process of these women do Piauí, mostly at universities in the Northeast. When conducting the nursing course outside the state, these young people had a set of embedded knowledge, which combined with the diversity of cultures promoted the gain scientific and cultural capital. In conclusion, the fights undertaken by these women resulted in symbolic and social gains as well the incorporation of professional habitus. The study will contribute to the history of nursing in the construction of new records, and open doors to new research on the subject (AU)

Historic perspectives from anthropology. Reflections proposed to Transcultural Nursing.

History brings together meanings related to earlier periods, being aware of the past as a panorama to reread the present. Madeleine Leininger presented in 1970 an implicit and respectful message to the Nursing Profession when introducing Nursing and Anthropology. Two Worlds to Blend. Implicitly: Nursing you disregard culture. This article shows the absence of the history of anthropology and of nursing within Transcultural Nursing and it includes how education has influenced theoretic, methodological, and comparative approaches giving researchers the responsibility to decide their fundamentals. Berthoud (2001) has inspired the anthropological and historic perspectives of the author, thus universalism, relativism, and comparison are presented.