[The biological activity of the transfer factor induced by bacterial antigens]. / Biolohichna aktyvnist' faktora perenosu, indukovanoho bakterial'nymy antyhenamy.

Today's statement of transfer factor, an immunostimulator derived from leukocytes which enhances antiinfectious immunity, is observed in the review. Basic biological, physical and chemical characteristics of the transfer factor, its possible action mechanisms, and laboratory and clinical methods of use to cure infectious fungal (Candida, Coccidium), invasive (schistosomiasis, leishmaniasis, cryptosporidiosis), viral (varicella zoster, ophthalmic herpes, Herpes simplex types 1 and 2, H. zoster, H. simplex ceratitis, genital herpes, human herpes virus type 6, postherpetic neuritis, hepatitis B, AIDS), and bacterial infections (Mycobacterium leprae, M. tuberculosis, M. fortuitum, Salmonella cholerae suis, S. dublin, S. Virchov, Brucella abortus, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, bacterial sepsis, Staphylococcus) are described.

Uso del factor de transferencia en el asma bronquial alérgica / Use to the transfer factor in the brochial asthma allergic

Se revisa el panorama de la terapéutica de la inmunomodulación y sus efectos en la modificación de la reacción inmunitaria. Se hace referencia particular al factor de transferencia como elemento terapéutico del asma bronquial, del que se asegura su eficacia e inocuidad

[Determination of antigen-dependent activity of human lung cancer transfer factor by H3-leucine leucine leukocyte adherence inhibition assay].

This report is to demonstrate the antigen-dependent activity of human lung cancer transfer factor (Sp-TF). Sp-TFM was prepared from spleen of mice immunized with the human lung cancer cell line A549. [3H]-leu leukocyte adherence inhibition assay ([3H]-leu-LAI) was modified to identify activity of Sp-TFM. Leukocytes obtained from non-immunized mice were divided into eight groups as follows: 1. Control without TF or antigen; 2. Sp-TFM and antigen of cell line A549 (A549 Ag); 3. Sp-TFM alone; 4. Sp-TFM and ascitic tumor cell H22 antigen of mice (H22Ag); 5. Sp-TFM and antigen of human gastric cancer cell (HGCCAg); 6. Sp-TFM and antigen of human normal lung tissue (NLTAg); 7. Nor special TF of mice (N-TFM) and A549Ag; 8. A549Ag alone. When normal leukocytes were incubated with Sp-TFM and A549 antigen, the leukocytes adherence inhibition index (LAII) was significantly higher than those of the other groups. The different LAII of Sp-TFM to A549Ag and other experimental groups were highly significant (P less than 0.001). The results demonstrated that Sp-TFM could transfer specific cell mediated immunity to non-immune leukocytes. The TF prepared from spleen of goat immunized with antigen from lung cancer of patients (Sp-TFG) showed antigen specific activity as well as Sp-TFM.

Murine transfer factor. IV. Studies with genetically regulated immune responses.

Transfer factor-containing dialysates from mice that were either high or low responders to GAT10, GLA5, or ovalbumin were assayed for their ability to transfer delayed hypersensitivity to murine recipients of either high or low responder phenotype. Dialysates from high responder strains contained transfer factor that would transfer delayed hypersensitivity to both high and low responder recipients. These transfers were not restricted by disparities at the MHC or Igh loci. Identically prepared materials from low responder donors contained little or no transfer factor activity and would not transfer delayed hypersensitivity to either high or low responder recipients. Thus, administration of transfer factor transfers the high responder phenotype to low responder recipients. The data also suggest that production of transfer factor is regulated by Ir genes but that the immunologic activities of transfer factor are not.

De novo initiation of specific cell-mediated immune responsiveness in chickens by transfer factor (specific immunity inducer) obtained from bovine colostrum and milk.

Transfer factors (TF) were prepared from colostrum and milk of bovines previously immunized with antigens obtained from Coccidioides immitis, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus, or from the viral agents responsible for avian Newcastle disease, laryngotracheitis disease or infectious bursal disease. The ability of bovine TF to transfer specific cell-mediated immune responsiveness to a markedly xenogenic species was studied using specific pathogen free (SPF) and standard commercial (SC) chickens as model recipients. Cell-mediated immune responsiveness was documented using one or more of the following for each antigen (organism) studied: (a) an in vitro chicken leukocyte (heterophil) migration inhibition assay; (b) delayed-wattle reactivity; or (c) protection from clinical disease. Chicken TFs obtained from spleens of immune donors were evaluated in parallel to bovine TF's in selected comparative studies. Bovine TF also referred to as specific immunity inducer (SII), and chicken TF were found to initiate antigen-specific cell-mediated immunity de novo in previously non-immune SPF chickens as well as in SC chickens despite the presence of maternally acquired humoral antibody which may serve as a "barrier" to immunization of SC chickens when commercially available vaccines are administered by parenteral routes. Bovine TF's specific for laryngotracheitis virus or infectious bursal disease virus afforded protection equal to that found for commercially available vaccines. Bovine TF's action was rapid (less than a day) and of relatively long duration at least 35 days.

[Afferent determination of transfer factor formation in the rat spinal cord]. / Afferentnaia determinatsiia obrazovaniia transfernogo faktora v spinnom mozge krys.

The mechanisms causing the appearance of transfer factor (TF) in the cerebrospinal tissue of rats were studied. Intracerebral TF injections to intact recipients were found to change asymmetrically the reflectory muscular responses. TF could be found in the extract of the rat spinal cord in rats with cut off n. tibialis sin. or with alcohol-novocaine blockade of posterior left tibial muscles, i.e., the reaction of the cerebral cells to the break in axon integrity is not responsible for TF formation. The appearance of TF in the cerebrospinal tissue less than two hours after alcohol-novocaine muscular blockade does not suggest that the axon integrity is the cause initiating TF formation. It is assumed that the deafferentation determines TF appearance in the cerebrospinal tissue.

Antigen-specific transfer factor from mice immunized with an attenuated flavivirus: augmentation of inducing activity in semipurified splenocytic dialyzates.

Three large batches were prepared of lyzed splenocytic leukocyte dialyzate from SPF outbred mice, immunized with a live attenuated virus from the tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) complex. Total mass of freeze-dried dialyzates was 1.73 g. One mg of respective batches contained 2 X 10(5), 2 X 10(4) and 2 X 10(3) units of the transfer factor, specific for the flavivirus group-antigen, as estimated according to the capacity to induce specifically cytotoxic T-cells in the recipient C3H mice. The amount of protein and orcinol-reactive material (purine-bound ribose), the presumed components of the inducer's substrate, ranged in individual dialyzates from 9.9-12.4 and 0.72-0.80% of their dry mass. Materials from each batch obtained after double precipitation by ethanol were subjected to permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-25 columns and subsequent lyophilization of the peak with specific inducing activity. The final product represented on average 3.7 per cent of dry mass of the starting material. In comparison to the crude material, in one mg of the final product the protein and the orcinol-reactive material were reduced by 80 and 37 per cent, respectively, but an increment in the antigen-specific inducing capacity comprising 2-3 log10 units was observed. These findings add to the concept that a) macromolecules carrying the inducing activity can be separated from other constituents of the crude dialyzate and b) an increase in antigen-specific inducing activity titre was, besides partial concentration, mainly due to removal of suppressor or inhibitory factor(s) present in the crude dialysates and probably acting in vivo.

Transfer of reactivity with in vitro produced transfer factor in rhesus and owl monkeys.

Transfer factors against two heterologous antigens, Herpesvirus saimiri and owl monkey kidney cells, were replicated in vitro in a human lymphoblastoid cell line (LDV/7) and injected into rhesus and owl monkeys. Transfer of immunity was demonstrated by the leukocyte migration inhibition assay. This study suggests that heterologous transfer factor, replicated in vitro, can transfer cellular immunity against membrane antigens in rhesus and owl monkeys.

Dialysable specific transfer factor in mice immunized with attenuated Langat virus from the tick-borne encephalitis complex: generation, action and quantitative assay.

Cytolytic T lymphocyte assay was developed in order to measure the response of inbred C3H mice to dialysable specific transfer factor (STF), induced in subadult outbred mice by one shot immunization with the attenuated Langat virus. The first STF activity in mice splenic leukocytes was detected between 48-72 hr after virus administration. The conversion of splenic T-cell cytotoxic response in C3H mice in vivo occurred between 15-21 hr after STF administration. The killing activity of T-cells, induced by STF, showed cross-reactive traits within the genus Flavivirus. STF, given prior to the live virus, augmented the specific cytolytic T-cell response. In the live virus-primed mice the booster effect was markedly enhanced when administration of STF preceded the second immunization dose. In the serum of STF recipients, interferon was irregularly detected attaining low levels for short time periods. Temperature of 56 degrees C for 60 min abolished the activity of least 10(4) murine STF units, temperature of 37 degrees C lowered after 24 hr this activity by 3 log10units. Chromatography of the dialyzed leukocyte lysate on Sephadex G-25 column yielded usually five peaks. The second peak showed an increased content of ribose-bound and protein materials and, as a rule, a relatively concentrated STF activity.

In vitro production of a transfer factor specific for transitional-cell carcinoma of the bladder.

Human dialysable Transfer Factor (TFd) extracted from lymphocytes of patients with transitional cell carcinoma of bladder (TCCB) was replicated in culture by lymphoblastoid cell lines. The effectiveness of two such TFdLs produced in vitro in transferring sensitivity to TCCB was assessed in the lymphocyte migration test (LMT) using formalin-treated TCCB cells as antigen. The results, showed that one TFdL transferred sensitivity in 5/14 cases and the other in 12/15, not only to leucocytes of healthy individuals but also to leucocytes of TCCB patients. Preliminary results showing an in vivo transfer of sensitivity are discussed.

[Production of a dialysable transfer factor of cell mediated immunity by lymphoblastoid cells in continuous proliferation]. / Production de facteur de transfert dialysable de l'immunité à médiation cellulaire par des cellules lymphoblastoïdes en prolifération continue

Four lymphoblastoid cell lines tested in this work contain normally a dialysable moiety having by ultraviolet spectroscopy, column chromatography (Biogel P 10) and chemically the same properties than human dialysable Transfer Factor (TFd), but unable to transfer cell mediated immune response against common antigens. Two of them are able to do so after incubation with minimal amounts of TFd. Production of a molecule identical to human TFd is possible in some lymphoblastoid cell lines after induction with TFd.