ABSTRACT
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are emerging as attractive drug targets by virtue of their prevalence in various diseases including cancer. Drug development targeting IDPs is challenging because they have dynamical structure features and conventional drug design is not applicable. NUPR1 is an IDP playing an important role in pancreatic cancer. We previously reported that Trifluoperazine (TFP), an antipsychotic agent, was capable of binding to NUPR1 and inhibiting tumors growth. Unfortunately, TFP showed strong central nervous system side-effects. In this work, we undertook a multidisciplinary approach to optimize TFP, based on the synergy of computer modeling, chemical synthesis, and a variety of biophysical, biochemical and biological evaluations. A family of TFP-derived compounds was produced and the most active one, named ZZW-115, showed a dose-dependent tumor regression with no neurological effects and induced cell death mainly by necroptosis. This study opens a new perspective for drug development against IDPs, demonstrating the possibility of successful ligand-based drug design for such challenging targets.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents , Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors , Necroptosis/drug effects , Neoplasm Proteins , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Trifluoperazine , Animals , Antineoplastic Agents/chemical synthesis , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/antagonists & inhibitors , Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/genetics , Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors/metabolism , Hep G2 Cells , Humans , Jurkat Cells , Mice , Mice, Nude , Neoplasm Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Neoplasm Proteins/genetics , Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism , Neoplasms/metabolism , Neoplasms/pathology , PC-3 Cells , Trifluoperazine/analogs & derivatives , Trifluoperazine/chemical synthesis , Trifluoperazine/chemistry , Trifluoperazine/pharmacology , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
Methods are presented to synthesize and characterize [methylene-3H] haloperidol 2 and [N-methyl-3H]trifluoperazine 6.
