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1.
Rev. neurol. (Ed. impr.) ; 49(9): 475-482, 1 nov., 2009. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-77803

ABSTRACT

Introduction. Eighty-five percent of all epileptics live in tropical regions. Prenatal risk factors, traumatic braininjuries and different parasitic infestations of the central nervous system (CNS) are the reasons behind the high prevalence ofepilepsy. This work reviews the main parasitic infestations causing epilepsy in the tropics. Development. Neurocysticercosis isthe main cause of focal epilepsy in early adulthood in endemic areas (30-50%). All the phases of cysticerci (viable, transitionaland calcified) are associated with epileptic seizures. Anti-cysticercus treatment helps get rid of cysticerci faster and reducesthe risk of recurrence of seizures in patients with viable cysts. Symptomatic epilepsy can be the first manifestation of neuroschistosomiasisin patients without any systemic symptoms. The pseudotumoral form can trigger seizures secondary to thepresence of granulomas and oedemas in the cerebral cortex. The eggs of Schistosoma japonicum are smaller, reach the CNSmore easily and trigger epileptic seizures more frequently. Toxocariasis and sparganosis are other parasitic infestations thatcan give rise to symptomatic seizures. The risk factors for suffering chronic epilepsy after cerebral malaria are a positivefamilial history of epilepsy and a history of episodes of fever and cerebral malaria that began with coma or which progressedwith multiple, prolonged epileptic seizures. About 20% of patients with cerebral infarction secondary to Chagas diseasepresent late vascular epilepsy as a complication. Conclusions. Very few studies have been conducted to examine the prognosis,risk of recurrence and modification of the natural course of seizures associated with tropical parasitic infestations, except forthe case of neurocysticercosis (AU)


Introducción. El 85% de las personas epilépticas vive en regiones tropicales. Factores de riesgo prenatales, traumatismoscraneoencefálicos y diversas parasitosis del sistema nervioso central (SNC) explican la elevada prevalencia de epilepsia.Se revisan las principales parasitosis tropicales causantes de epilepsia. Desarrollo. La neurocisticercosis es la principalcausa de epilepsia focal de inicio en la vida adulta en áreas endémicas (30-50%). Todas las fases de los cisticercos (viables,transicionales y calcificados) se asocian con crisis epilépticas. El tratamiento cisticida favorece la desaparición más rápidade los cisticercos y reduce el riesgo de recurrencia de crisis en pacientes con quistes viables. La epilepsia sintomáticapuede ser la primera manifestación de la neuroesquistosomiasis en pacientes sin síntomas sistémicos. La forma pseudotumoralpuede provocar crisis secundarias a la presencia de granulomas y edema en la corteza cerebral. Los huevos de Schistosomajaponicum son más pequeños, alcanzan más fácilmente el SNC y provocan crisis epilépticas más frecuentemente. Toxocariasisy esparganosis son otras helmintiasis que pueden provocar crisis sintomáticas. Los factores de riesgo de padecer epilepsiacrónica después de malaria cerebral son una historia familiar positiva para epilepsia, y antecedentes de crisis febrilesy de malaria cerebral que comenzó con coma o que cursó con crisis epilépticas múltiples y prolongadas. Alrededor del 20%de los pacientes con infarto cerebral secundario a enfermedad de Chagas presenta como complicación una epilepsia vasculartardía. Conclusiones. Los estudios sobre el pronóstico, riesgo de recurrencia y modificación del curso natural de las crisisasociadas a las parasitosis tropicales son escasos, a excepción de la neurocisticercosis (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Epilepsy/diagnosis , Epilepsy/epidemiology , Epilepsy/etiology , Epilepsy/pathology , Epilepsy/parasitology , Tropical Ecosystem/adverse effects , Tropical Ecosystem/analysis , Medicine, Traditional/history , Parasites/growth & development , Parasites/pathogenicity
2.
Int. microbiol ; 6(4): 253-258, dic. 2003. ilus, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-98744

ABSTRACT

The effect of the pesticide Lindane on microbial populations was analyzed in soil with a history of contamination with various chemicals, including this pesticide. Soil microcosms were amended with 100 mg Lindane/kg soil and microbial populations were monitored for 70 days. Bacterial cell concentrations, metabolic versatility (whole community Biolog), and genetic diversity (16S rDNA/denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis) were used to monitor microbial communities. Results show the persistence of Lindane in the soil environment; at the end of the experiment, 70% of the added Lindane remained undergraded. A reduction of 50% in bacterial cell concentration was observed in Lindane-amended microcosms during the 2nd week of the experiment. This reduction was correlated with a reduction in the rate of substrate utilization as observed by Biolog. Overall, no effect of Lindane was observed on the metabolic versatility and genetic diversity in these soils, demonstrating the ability of these bacterial populations to tolerate the pressure caused by the addition of pesticides (AU)


No disponible


Subject(s)
Bacteria , Soil Microbiology , Hexachlorocyclohexane/pharmacology , Biota , Tropical Ecosystem/analysis , Insecticides, Organochlorine
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