Immune status in patients with subclinical forms of genitourinary tuberculosis.

The study aim was to determine whether there is a correlation between subclinical forms of genitourinary tuberculosis (GUTB) and immune status. All patients admitted to the Pneumology Clinic of the Thomayer Hospital, Prague with lung tuberculosis (LTB) were enrolled in the study. The study group consisted of 102 patients, 75 males and 27 females, median age of 46.8 years. In a previously published part of the study, 6.9 % of LTB patients were diagnosed with subclinical forms of GUTB. In the present part of the study, immune status was determined in patients with subclinical forms of GUTB by measuring circulating immunoglobulin G and CD4 T cell levels. The comparison of the immunological results did not show a statistically significant difference between the patients diagnosed with GUTB and other LTB patients..

Urogenital tuberculosis in immunocompromised patients.

OBJECTIVE: Compare the clinicoradiological presentation of urogenital tuberculosis (UGT) between immunocompromised and nonimmunocompromised patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Eighty patients diagnosed with UGT were divided into two groups: eight immunocompromised patients (four with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS], and four renal transplant patients on immunosuppressive therapy) and 72 nonimmunocompromised patients. The groups were compared as for age, signs and symptoms, diagnostic approach, pattern of urogenital organ involvement, and early specific mortality (within 6 months from diagnosis). RESULTS: AIDS patients were younger (median age 26 years, range 16-38 years), and renal transplant patients were older (median age 51.5 years, range 45-57 years), compared with the nonimmunocompromised subjects (median age 35 years, range 12-75 years). Immunocompromised patients had greater frequency of fever (87.5% versus 43.1%, P = 0.024), lower frequency of storage symptoms (37.5% versus 76.4%, P = 0.033), shorter length of disease (<6 months: 87.5% versus 2.8%, P < 0.001), and larger frequency of disseminated tuberculosis (62.5% versus 18.1%, P = 0.012). Predominantly parenchymatous renal involvement was more frequent in immunocompromised patients (87.5% versus 6.2%, P < 0.001), who also had lower frequency of stenosis of the collecting system (12.5% versus 93.8%, P < 0.001) and contracted bladder (12.5% versus 65.3%, P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: UGT has a different clinicoradiological presentation in immunocompromised patients, with predominance of systemic symptoms, disseminated tuberculosis, multiple parenchymatous renal foci, and lower frequency of lesions of the collecting system. In the context of immunosuppression, UGT behaves as a severe bacterial infection, with bacteremia and visceral metastatic foci.

[Low-intensity laser irradiation in patients with urinary tuberculosis]. / Nizkointensivnoe lazernoe izluchenie u bol'nykh tuberkulezom mochevoi sistemy.

Combined surface radiation of renal projection area and intravascular laser radiation of blood (AZOR-2K unit) were used in combined treatment of 54 patients with urinary tuberculosis. Analysis of immunological and hematological indices of peripheral blood of patients before and after the combined treatment showed that low-intensity laser radiation activates local system of T-helpers which after specific antigenic impact differentiate into T-helpers-1. The latter synthesize in loco gamma-interferon, TNF-alpha and beta and IL-2 stimulating bactericidal mechanisms directed at destruction of M. tuberculosis and resolution of the infection focus.

[Intravascular laser radiation of blood in the multimodality treatment of patients with urogenital tuberculosis]. / Vnutrisosudistoe lazernoe obluchenie krovi v kompleksnom lechenii bol'nykh tuberkulezom mochepolovykh organov.

Laser therapy was performed in 45 patients with tuberculosis of the urinary system and male genitals. The radiation was found to have a positive action on the patients' general condition and short-term immunomodulating effect. Following a month, immunological parameters became baseline or near-baseline. In the course of 5 years there was an exacerbation of tuberculosis in 2 (4 +/- 3%) patients who had received laser therapy and in 8-18% routinely treated without laser therapy.

[Comparative evaluation of the immunoenzyme system used in the serodiagnosis of tuberculosis and non-tuberculous diseases]. / Sravnitel'naia otsenka immunofermentnoi test-sistemy pri ispol'zovanii dlia diagnostiki serodiagnostiki tuberkuleza i netuberkuleznykh zabolevanii.

A method for detection of antituberculous antibodies by enzyme immunoassay system developed by the authors, was tested on 317 blood serum samples taken from patients with tuberculosis and non-tuberculous diseases of the lungs, vertebral column, kidneys and genitalia. Depending on the process site, the detection rate of specific antibodies and their specificity made up 57-77% and 85-95%, respectively, which practically agrees with the data produced as a result of a simultaneously conduction of three routine serologic reactions.

Humoral immune response in human tuberculosis: immunoglobulins G, A, and M directed against the purified P32 protein antigen of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin.

The P32 protein antigen of Mycobacterium bovis BCG, identified as antigen 85A in the BCG reference system, was used to investigate the humoral immune response in human tuberculosis (TB). Immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, and IgM directed against P32 were measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Mean IgG and IgA antibody levels differed significantly (P less than 0.001) between active-TB patients (50 untreated and 52 treated) and healthy control subjects (111 unvaccinated tuberculin negative, 38 unvaccinated tuberculin positive, and 72 recently BCG vaccinated). Mean IgG antibody levels, but not mean IgA antibody levels, were higher (P less than 0.05) in patients with positive microscopic examination for acid-fast bacilli than in patients with negative microscopic examination. A positive relation was found between mean levels and the extent of disease. There was no difference in mean IgM antibody levels between patients and controls. By setting the upper normal limit at the 95th percentile of the 221 healthy subjects, the sensitivities were 46% in untreated and 63% in treated patients for IgG and 30 and 50%, respectively, for IgA. Of the untreated patients, 56% were positive for either IgG or IgA antibodies. Among the untreated patients with negative direct smear, 35% were positive for IgG and 24% were positive for IgA. When both immunoglobulin classes were combined, the serological test was positive in 47% of those patients. Neither naturally acquired tuberculin hypersensitivity nor BCG vaccination affected positivity frequencies in healthy subjects. Only active TB seemed to induce significant anti-P32 antibody levels and to be associated with positivity. A serological test with P32 as the antigen might therefore be helpful for the rapid diagnosis of TB.

[Indications for surgical treatment of urotuberculosis (author's transl)]. / Zur Indikation operativer Behandlung der Urotuberkulose.

The importance of the finding of specific antibodies in urotuberculosis and its importance for surgical indications are emphasized. The various antibodies and their evaluation in the followup of urotuberculosis are described. Case reports are given to show the value of the immunology in tuberculosis for the surgical selection of patients.