Subject(s)
Twins, Conjoined/history , History, Medieval , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Turkey , Twins, Conjoined/surgeryABSTRACT
The occurrence of congenital malformations had been documented by the Assyrian and Babylonians about 2,800 B.C. Historically, a significant source of information concerning conjoined twins were the so called "fugitive sheets" which following the introduction of printing served to disseminate news. The first sonographs with descriptions of congenital defects in human and animals appeared during the 17th century. Teratology became established during the 19th century as a result of the fundamental discoveries in embryology. Significant impetus was given to teratological research in this century following the discovery of GREGG (1941), from observations of the children born to pregnant women who were exposed to the atomic bombs, as well as the thalidomide catastrophe.
Subject(s)
Abnormalities, Severe Teratoid/history , Twins, Conjoined/history , Animals , Congenital Abnormalities/history , Congenital Abnormalities/veterinary , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, Ancient , Humans , Medical Illustration , Medicine in the Arts , Mythology , Twins, Conjoined/veterinarySubject(s)
Twins, Conjoined/surgery , Africa , Anesthesia , Asia, Southeastern , England , Female , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , Humans , Intraoperative Care , Male , Methods , Mythology , Twins, Conjoined/epidemiology , Twins, Conjoined/history , United StatesSubject(s)
Head/abnormalities , Twins, Conjoined , Animals , Brazil , Chick Embryo , China , Europe , Female , Heart/embryology , Heart/physiopathology , History, 17th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Life Expectancy , Male , Twins, Conjoined/embryology , Twins, Conjoined/history , Twins, Conjoined/physiopathology , Twins, Conjoined/surgery , United States , Xenopus/embryologyABSTRACT
The twinning phenomenon has always interested the great public, the artists, and naturally the scientists. Isidore Geoffroy St. Hilaire has established a classification still now valid. This classification considers the different types of double monsters which are found in nature in all classes of vertebrates, including man. To explain the twinning phenomenon, the experimental realizations have progressed by successive bounds after the preliminary attempts of different authors. Now, when it is question of experimental duplication, anybody thinks of Speman for the amphibians, of Lutz for the birds, of Seidel for the rabbit, and of Tarkowsky for the mouse. Now, it is possible to conceive a twinning resulting from the separation of the first blastomeres (amphibian, rabbit, mouse) and a twinning originating from the fissuration of the blastoderm (bird, mammal). All these experiments confirm the unicist-theory. If a total or partial regulation of the excedents may be experimentally realized, no argument can however support this theory in the realization of the double monstrosity.
