ABSTRACT
Condyloma acuminatum (CA) is a benign tumor primarily caused by infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) type-6 or type-11, lesions of which are most frequently found on the genital, perianal squamous mucosa, and skin. CA outside the anogenital region is not common. Here, we report a case showing simultaneous presence of CA on the vaginal orifice, areola, groin, and umbilicus in a 32-year-old pregnant woman. Histopathological examination and HPV detection are essential in making a definitive diagnosis of CA on multiple sites. The patient was treated with microwave and liquid nitrogen cryotherapy, but repeated relapse of the lesions were observed. Patients with CA during pregnancy represent a special risk group. These cases are usually characterized by fast-growing warts, multi-site or special site warts, a reduced tolerance, and poor response to treatment. Hence, we should pay more attention to CA in pregnant women in the process of diagnosis and treatment, especially cases outside the anogenital region.
Subject(s)
Condylomata Acuminata/diagnosis , Groin/virology , Nipples/virology , Umbilicus/virology , Vagina/virology , Adult , Female , Groin/pathology , Humans , Nipples/pathology , Papillomaviridae/pathogenicity , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology , Umbilicus/pathology , Vagina/pathology , Vulva/pathology , Vulva/virology , Warts/virologyABSTRACT
A woman who contracted West Nile virus (WNV) neuroinvasive illness during her second trimester subsequently elected to terminate her pregnancy due to concerns of possible adverse effects of WNV on her developing fetus. Consent was obtained to test maternal and post-mortem fetal tissues for WNV infection. Fetal blood, liver, kidneys, spleen, umbilicus and amniotic fluid were negative for WNV RNA by polymerase chain reaction and negative for WNV IgM antibodies by ELISA, indicating that in this case there was no evidence of WNV transmission to the fetus. Until further information regarding outcomes of WNV infection during pregnancy is available, pregnant women in areas where WNV is transmitted should take precautions to avoid mosquito bites. Women with WNV illness during pregnancy should undergo regular prenatal checkups including ultrasound examinations to assess fetal development, and healthcare providers should promptly report cases of WNV in pregnant women to their state or local health department or to CDC.
