ABSTRACT
99Mo, the parent of the widely used medical isotope 99mTc, is currently produced by irradiation of enriched uranium in nuclear reactors. The supply of this isotope is encumbered by the aging of these reactors and concerns about international transportation and nuclear proliferation. Methods: We report results for the production of 99Mo from the accelerator-driven subcritical fission of an aqueous solution containing low enriched uranium. The predominately fast neutrons generated by impinging high-energy electrons onto a tantalum convertor are moderated to thermal energies to increase fission processes. The separation, recovery, and purification of 99Mo were demonstrated using a recycled uranyl sulfate solution. Conclusion: The 99Mo yield and purity were found to be unaffected by reuse of the previously irradiated and processed uranyl sulfate solution. Results from a 51.8-GBq 99Mo production run are presented.
Subject(s)
Molybdenum/chemistry , Nuclear Fission , Particle Accelerators/instrumentation , Radioisotopes/chemistry , Radionuclide Generators/instrumentation , Uranium Compounds/chemistry , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis , Isotope Labeling/instrumentation , Isotope Labeling/methods , Materials Testing , Neutrons , Nuclear Reactors , Pilot Projects , Radiation Dosage , Radiopharmaceuticals/chemical synthesis , Uranium Compounds/radiation effectsABSTRACT
The stability of soddyite under electron irradiation has been studied over the temperature range of 25-300 °C. At room temperature, soddyite undergoes a crystalline-to-amorphous transformation (amorphization) at a total dose of 6.38 × 10(8) Gy. The electron beam irradiation results suggest that the soddyite structure is susceptible to radiation-induced nanocrystallization of UO(2). The temperature dependence of amorphization dose increases linearly up to 300 °C. A thermogravimetric and calorimetric analysis (TGA-DSC) combined with X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicates that soddyite retains its water groups up to 400 °C, followed by the collapse of the structure. Based on thermal analysis of uranophane, the removal of some water groups at relatively low temperatures provokes the collapse of the uranophane structure. This structural change appears to be the reason for the increase of amorphization dose at 140 °C. According to the results obtained, radiation field of a nuclear waste repository, rather than temperature effects, may cause changes in the crystallinity of soddyite and affect its stability during long-term storage.
Subject(s)
Silicates/chemistry , Silicates/radiation effects , Uranium Compounds/chemistry , Uranium Compounds/radiation effects , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Radiation, Ionizing , Temperature , X-Ray DiffractionABSTRACT
An experimental, non-destructive in-pool, method for measuring fission gas release (FGR) in irradiated nuclear fuel has been developed. Using the method, a significant number of experiments have been performed in-pool at several nuclear power plants of the BWR type. The method utilises the 514 keV gamma-radiation from the gaseous fission product (85)Kr captured in the fuel rod plenum volume. A submergible measuring device (LOKET) consisting of an HPGe-detector and a collimator system was utilised allowing for single rod measurements on virtually all types of BWR fuel. A FGR database covering a wide range of burn-ups (up to average rod burn-up well above 60 MWd/kgU), irradiation history, fuel rod position in cross section and fuel designs has been compiled and used for computer code benchmarking, fuel performance analysis and feedback to reactor operators. Measurements clearly indicate the low FGR in more modern fuel designs in comparison to older fuel types.
