ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To extract the causes and risk factors of urinary incontinence from an old medical text by Avicenna entitled "Canon of Medicine" and comparing it with contemporary studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, etiology and risk factors of urinary incontinence were extracted from Avicenna's "Canon of Medicine". Commentaries written on this book and other old reliable medical texts about bladder and its diseases were also studied. Then the achieved information was compared with contemporary findings of published articles. RESULTS: Urinary incontinence results from bladder dysfunction in reservoir phase. Bladder's involuntary muscles and voluntary external sphincter are two main components which are involved in this process. Urinary incontinence can exist without obvious structural and neuronal etiologies. According to Avicenna, distemperment of muscular tissue of bladder and external sphincter is the cause for urinary incontinence in such cases. Distemperment is the result of bothering qualities in tissue, i.e.: "wet" and "cold". They are the two bothering qualities which are caused by extracorporeal and intracorporeal factors. Interestingly, the positive associations of some of these factors with urinary incontinence have been shown in recent researches. CONCLUSION: "Cold" and "wet" distemperment of bladder and external sphincter can be independent etiologies of urinary incontinence which should be investigated.
Subject(s)
Manuscripts as Topic/history , Urinary Incontinence/history , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , History, Medieval , Humans , Persia , Risk Factors , Urinary Incontinence/etiologyABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Greco-Arabic Medicine imparts vast knowledge regarding diseases afflicting different systems. Urinary incontinence (UI) is involuntary leakage of urine. It is an undiagnosed, under-reported, and frequently untreated medical condition that greatlyaffects the quality of life of women in any age. Therefore, a literary search in classical literature of Greco-Arabic medicine for UI was explored to implement in current era. Material and METHODS: Meticulous literature search was carried out to comprehend the concept of urinary incontinence described in ancient Unani literature. The classical Greco-Arabic medicine texts were searched. Further, browsing of PubMed/Google Scholar and other websites was carried by searching complementary and alternative treatment for urinary incontinence and herbal remedies useful in urinary incontinence. RESULTS: The causes of urinary incontinence described in Greco-Arabic texts are abnormal temperament of body or bladder, dislocation of vertebrae, pregnancy, diuretic, laxity of musculature of bladder, diseases of surrounding structure such as uterine inflammation, omphalitis, constipation, etc. The principle treatment is treating the cause viz., the temperament is corrected by diet and herbs in abnormal temperament, and elimination of morbid humour is required in dominance of humour. Further, web search showed that herbs are useful in Urinary diseases. However, evidences are weak. CONCLUSION: The classical Greco-Arabic texts are enriched with important information. Thus documentation and preservation of the traditional knowledge is required so that it can still be conserved for future research in pharmaceuticals and drug discovery.
Subject(s)
Medicine, Unani/history , Urinary Incontinence/history , Female , Greek World/history , History, Ancient , Humans , Medicine, Arabic/historyABSTRACT
Based on ancient literature of acupuncture in Canon of Chinese Medicine (4th edition), the articles regarding acupuncture for urinary incontinence were retrieved and collected to establish a database. By Weka data mining software, the multi-level association rules analysis method was applied to analyze the acupoints selection characteristics and rules of ancient acupuncture for treatment of urinary incontinence. Totally 356 articles of acupuncture for urinary incontinence were collected, involving 41 acupoints with a total frequency of 364. As a result, (1) the acupoints in the yin-meridian of hand and foot were highly valued, as the frequency of acupoints in yin-meridians was 2.6 times than that in yang-meridians, and the frequency of acupoints selected was the most in the liver meridian of foot-jueyin; (2) the acupoints in bladder meridian of foot-taiyang were also highly valued, and among three yang-meridians of foot, the frequency of acupoints in the bladder meridian of foot-taiyang was 54, accounting for 65.85% (54/82); (3) more acupoints selected were located in the lower limbs and abdomen; (4) specific acupoints in above meridians were mostly selected, presenting 73.2% (30/41) to the ratio of number and 79.4% (289/364) to the frequency, respectively; (5) Zhongji (CV 3), the front-mu point of bladder meridian, was seldom selected in the ancient acupuncture literature, which was different from modern literature reports. The results show that urinary incontinence belongs to external genitalia diseases, which should be treated from yin, indicating more yin-meridians be used and special acupoints be focused on. It is essential to focus inheritance and innovation in TCM clinical treatment, and applying data mining technology to ancient literature of acupuncture could provide classic theory basis for TCM clinical treatment.
Subject(s)
Acupuncture Points , Acupuncture Therapy , Urinary Incontinence/therapy , Acupuncture Therapy/history , China , Data Mining , Databases, Bibliographic/history , History, 15th Century , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , History, Ancient , History, Medieval , Humans , Medicine in Literature , Urinary Incontinence/historySubject(s)
Urinary Incontinence/history , Urology/history , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , United StatesABSTRACT
Millions of individuals around the world suffer from urinary incontinence. This article discusses worldwide urinary incontinence, and the use of information and communication technology to facilitate global nursing collaboration.
Subject(s)
Global Health , Health Promotion/organization & administration , Patient Acceptance of Health Care , Urinary Incontinence/nursing , Urinary Incontinence/prevention & control , Education, Nursing , Female , History, 20th Century , Humans , Male , Medical Informatics , Nursing Research , Urinary Incontinence/historySubject(s)
Skin Care/history , Societies, Nursing/history , Specialties, Nursing/history , Fecal Incontinence/history , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Ileostomy/history , Nursing Research/history , Ostomy/history , United States , Urinary Incontinence/history , Wounds and Injuries/historyABSTRACT
Before the 20th century, female urinary incontinence was a problematic disease because it presented a medical challenge (it was difficult to treat before the advent of surgical techniques) and prevented women from fulfilling their roles as spouses and caretakers. The latter was particularly troublesome during the 19th century when Western women (ie, white, middle/upper class, Protestant women) were expected to follow rigid, socially constructed gender roles, especially within the private microcosm of the family unit. Incontinent women of childbearing age had no place in the hierarchy of Euro-American society and were thus constructed as impure, polluted, and sexually undesirable. This stigmatization of the incontinent body not only marginalized the medical needs of the suffering woman but also characterized her as an unfeminine, contaminated, and repulsive object to be ostracized and excluded from the social rituals that defined selfhood.
Subject(s)
Stereotyping , Urinary Incontinence/history , Female , Female Urogenital Diseases/history , History, 19th Century , Humans , United StatesSubject(s)
Fecal Incontinence/history , Nurse Clinicians/history , Ostomy/history , Skin Care/history , Urinary Incontinence/history , Wounds and Injuries/history , Faculty, Nursing/history , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Nurse Administrators/history , Nurse Practitioners/history , PennsylvaniaABSTRACT
Objetivo. Determinar, en un período de 5 años, la prevalencia, la incidencia, la remisión, los patrones de cambio de la incontinencia urinaria (IU) y los factores asociados con los cambios en el estatus de continencia. Diseño. Estudio longitudinal prospectivo. Emplazamiento. Zona Básica de Salud de Cabra (Córdoba).Participantes. Un total de 827 sujetos seleccionados en 1996 entre 5.139 personas≥ 65 años mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado por grupos de edad y seguidos entre 1996 y 2001.Intervenciones. Encuesta domiciliaria. Mediciones. Preguntas sobre detección y severidad de la IU, datos sociodemográficosy valoración funcional. Se analizaron las variables explicativas para la probabilidad de estar vivo y desarrollar IU a los 5 años, respectivamente. Resultados. La prevalencia de IU fue del36% en 1996 y del 46% en 2001. La mortalidad fue similar en continentes e incontinentes. El 54,5% de los sujetos continentes en 1996 permaneció igual en2001. Las tasas de incidencia y remisión a los 5 años fueron del 29 y 15%, respectivamente. En ambos sexos, la incontinencia ligera y moderada evolucionó principalmente hacia grados moderados y severos, mientras que la IU severa permaneció sin cambios en el 40,1%. La autopercepción de salud y la situación funcional son las principales variables que influyen tanto en la supervivencia como en la incidencia de IU. Conclusiones. La prevalencia de IU es alta, la incidencia es moderada y la remisión espontánea baja. La IU es un problema dinámico y no afecta a la mortalidad. El deterioro de la movilidad influye fuertemente en la incidencia de IU
Objective. To determine prevalence, incidence and remission rates and change patterns of urinary incontinence (UI) over a 5-year timespan. Design. Longitudinal study. Location. Basic Health Zone of Cabra(Córdoba).Patients. A random age-stratified sample of827 subjects selected from a total of 5139persons ≥65 years of age and followed up between 1996 and 2001.Interventions. Home interview. Measurements. Questions about detection and level of severity of UI, socio-demographic data, and level of functioning. Two logistic regression models were created to identify risk factors for the probability to be alive and to develop UI, respectively. Results. UI prevalence reached 36% at baseline and 46% five years later. Mortality rates were similar in continent and incontinent subjects. 54.5% of continent subjects in 1996 remained so in 2001. Five year incidence and remission rates were 29%and 15%, respectively. In both sexes, slight and moderate incontinence mainly progressed to moderate and severe degrees, whereas severe UI remained unchanged in 40.1%. The main risk factors for increased survival and for UI incidence were self-rated health and level of functioning. Conclusions. Prevalence of UI is high, incidence is moderate and remission is low. Urinary incontinence is a dynamic problem and does not affect mortality. Impaired mobility has a strong influence on UI incidence
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Aged , Humans , Urinary Incontinence/prevention & control , Urinary Incontinence/history , Prevalence , SpainABSTRACT
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Humans , Urinary Incontinence/prevention & control , Urinary Incontinence/history , Prevalence , Spain , Primary Health CareABSTRACT
Urinary incontinence (UI) is a devastating worldwide problem in older adults. Establishing the true prevalence and incidence of UI remains a challenge as different societies define and approach UI differently. Nevertheless, most societies share the common practice of stigmatizing elders with incontinence. Enhanced awareness of global perspectives and epidemiological trends of incontinence isa necessary pre-requisite to improving management of this distressing geriatric syndrome.
Subject(s)
Urinary Incontinence/epidemiology , Female , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Humans , Male , Urinary Incontinence/historyABSTRACT
This article propels the reader back in time to the mid-1800s and then journeys forward to the present day to look at the recorded knowledge of urinary incontinence (UI) and prevailing interventions of the era. A literature review was conducted to provide a historical framework for the development of theories, treatments, and interventions of UI during this period. The interventions necessitate looking at the concurrent development of medicine and the rise of nursing. A variety of sources are used to offer interdisciplinary approaches flavored with events of the time. Attitudes held toward the development of nursing under the aegis of medicine color the entire article.
Subject(s)
Urinary Incontinence/history , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , Humans , Urinary Incontinence/nursingABSTRACT
Os autores fazem uma revisão sobre a avaliação inicial da paciente com incontinência urinária, incluindo métodos diagnósticos. O objetivo é fornecer informações que permitam uma melhor compreensão e investigação desse problema
