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2.
Parasit Vectors ; 13(1): 615, 2020 Dec 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33298153

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Parasitic infections can increase susceptibility to bacterial co-infections. This may be true for urogenital schistosomiasis and bacterial urinary tract co-infections (UTI). We previously reported that this co-infection is facilitated by S. haematobium eggs triggering interleukin-4 (IL-4) production and sought to dissect the underlying mechanisms. The interleukin-4-inducing principle from Schistosoma mansoni eggs (IPSE) is one of the most abundant schistosome egg-secreted proteins and binds to IgE on the surface of basophils and mast cells to trigger IL-4 release. IPSE can also translocate into host nuclei using a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) to modulate host transcription. We hypothesized that IPSE is the factor responsible for the ability of S. haematobium eggs to worsen UTI pathogenesis. METHODS: Mice were intravenously administered a single 25 µg dose of recombinant S. haematobium-derived IPSE, an NLS mutant of IPSE or PBS. Following IPSE exposure, mice were serially weighed and organs analyzed by histology to assess for toxicity. Twenty-four hours after IPSE administration, mice were challenged with the uropathogenic E. coli strain UTI89 by urethral catheterization. Bacterial CFU were measured using urine. Bladders were examined histologically for UTI-triggered pathogenesis and by PCR for antimicrobial peptide and pattern recognition receptor expression. RESULTS: Unexpectedly, IPSE administration did not result in significant differences in urine bacterial CFU. However, IPSE administration did lead to a significant reduction in UTI-induced bladder pathogenesis and the expression of anti-microbial peptides in the bladder. Despite the profound effect of IPSE on UTI-triggered bladder pathogenesis and anti-microbial peptide production, mice did not demonstrate systemic ill effects from IPSE exposure. CONCLUSIONS: Our data show that IPSE may play a major role in S. haematobium-associated urinary tract co-infection, albeit in an unexpected fashion. These findings also indicate that IPSE either works in concert with other IL-4-inducing factors to increase susceptibility of S. haematobium-infected hosts to bacterial co-infection or does not contribute to enhancing vulnerability to this co-infection.


Subject(s)
Gene Expression , Immunomodulation , Urinary Bladder/parasitology , Urinary Tract Infections/immunology , Urinary Tract Infections/parasitology , Animals , Basophils , Coinfection , Egg Proteins , Escherichia coli , Female , Helminth Proteins/genetics , Interleukin-4 , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Schistosoma mansoni , Schistosomiasis haematobia , Urinary Bladder/microbiology
3.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports ; 20: 100409, 2020 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32448522

ABSTRACT

Capillaria spp. infections of the urinary tract of domestic carnivores are uncommon worldwide. Infections are rarely diagnosed and are typically asymptomatic. This study aimed to evaluate a case of capillariosis in a cat from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A seven-year-old female cat with apathy and reduced appetite was presented. Urine analysis revealed C. plica eggs in urine sediment, and cystitis was evidenced by the presence of bacteria, pyuria, proteinuria and hematuria. The subject was treated with 50 mg/kg fenbendazole for five days. Urine samples were frozen for molecular analysis and species confirmation. Polymerase chain reaction for amplification of the 18S rRNA gene followed by sequencing confirmed the occurrence of Capillaria sp. There has been limited phylogenetic study of Capillaria spp. in cats, so further studies are needed to identify the species present in different locations and associated with feline pathogenesis.


Subject(s)
Capillaria/isolation & purification , Cat Diseases/diagnosis , Enoplida Infections/veterinary , Urinary Tract Infections/veterinary , Animals , Antinematodal Agents/therapeutic use , Brazil , Cat Diseases/drug therapy , Cat Diseases/parasitology , Cats , Enoplida Infections/diagnosis , Enoplida Infections/drug therapy , Enoplida Infections/parasitology , Female , Fenbendazole/therapeutic use , Treatment Outcome , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy , Urinary Tract Infections/parasitology
4.
J Med Case Rep ; 14(1): 63, 2020 May 28.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32460876

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Balantidium coli, a parasitic unicellular ciliate, often causes asymptomatic balantidiasis of the colon, but extraintestinal disease may occur rarely in immunosuppressed individuals. Renal balantidiasis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus has not been reported before. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of a 48-year-old Thai woman who presented with nephrotic syndrome due to systemic lupus erythematosus-related nephritis. Initially, few B. coli cysts were found in urine sediment, but these increased substantially following treatment with prednisolone. She made an uneventful recovery with 10 days of oral tetracycline therapy. No B. coli cysts were found in her stool. CONCLUSION: The route of infection in our patient was unclear but is likely to have been orofecal. Neither her infection nor its treatment caused a deterioration in her renal function.


Subject(s)
Balantidiasis/parasitology , Lupus Nephritis/diagnosis , Urinary Tract Infections/parasitology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Balantidiasis/complications , Balantidiasis/diagnosis , Balantidiasis/drug therapy , Balantidium/isolation & purification , Female , Humans , Immunosuppression Therapy , Lupus Nephritis/complications , Lupus Nephritis/immunology , Middle Aged , Tetracycline/therapeutic use , Urinary Tract Infections/complications , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis , Urinary Tract Infections/drug therapy
5.
World J Urol ; 38(11): 2681-2691, 2020 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32108257

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: Infectious diseases that often follow geographical distribution patterns are increasingly crossing such boundaries, aided by human travel and commerce. These pose a new challenge to physicians who are required to diagnose previously unseen conditions and address drug-resistant organisms. We review some such common infections. METHODS: A literature review was performed for six common urological infections and a narrative review based on recent publications on these infections was compiled. RESULTS: In Urology, some infections that are now crossing geographical boundaries include Brucellosis, Schistosomiasis, Tuberculosis, Filariasis, Hydatidosis and emphysematous pyelonephritis. Brucellosis, a zoonotic infection, is common in the Mediterranean areas, Asia, South America and Africa. Infection can involve all parts of the genitourinary tract. Schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease, is particularly common in Sub-Saharan Africa and may have bacterial superinfection. Voiding symptoms are common and bladder carcinoma may develop. Tuberculosis affects almost every organ in the body and in the male genital system, often presents with abscesses, nodules, ulcers and infertility that is difficult to manage. Filariasis is caused by two species of worms and is transmitted through a bite from a mosquito carrying larvae of the worm. It causes lymphatic obstruction leading to scrotal edema, hydrocoele to elephantiasis of scrotum. Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a life-threatening suppurative necrotizing infection of the renal parenchyma. While not being geographically limited, it is more common in developing areas with poor health care access. Genitourinary hydatidosis is a rare disease that is associated mainly with renal involvement in the genitourinary tract. Large cysts with destruction of renal parenchyma may be found. CONCLUSIONS: Although uncommon, these urological infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and awareness in all healthcare settings is now an essential requirement.


Subject(s)
Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology , Developed Countries , Developing Countries , Humans , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology , Urinary Tract Infections/parasitology
6.
Biomed Res Int ; 2020: 2176569, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33490237

ABSTRACT

Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common pediatric infections and if not promptly diagnosed and treated, it could cause long term complications. Worldwide and in Cameroon, little attention has been paid to this growing problem in the pediatric population. Identification of risk factors will contribute significantly to prevention. A cross-sectional case-control study was carried out in children ≤ 15 years to identify the risk factors of UTI, etiologic agents, and their antibiotic susceptibility. Samples (urine) were collected from in and outpatients with symptoms of UTI attending two health facilities in Buea. Controls were age- and sex-matched children in the community and those visiting these health facilities for unrelated reasons. Samples were analyzed by microscopy, culture, and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria isolates tested by the disc diffusion technique. Questionnaires were administered to collect sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and data on risk factors. Odds ratios and bivariate and multivariate analyses were used to assess the relationship between predictors (symptoms and risk factors) and UTI. P < 0.05 was considered significant. A total of 405 participants (200 cases and 205 controls) were investigated. UTI prevalence was 12% in cases. From the UTI cases, bacteria was the major cause of infection, with E. coli (39.4%) predominating. Parasitic organisms, Trichomonas vaginalis (0.5%) and Schistosoma spp (0.5%), and yeast (6%) were also detected. Urinary urgency (F = 4.98, P = 0.027) and back pain (F = 12.37, P = 0.001) were associated to UTI following bivariate analysis. These parameters could be used to predict UTI in the pediatric population in the study area. Third generation cephalosporins: ceftriaxone (90.1%) and cefadroxil (85.4%) were the most effective and thus recommended for treatment.


Subject(s)
Anti-Infective Agents/pharmacology , Drug Resistance, Microbial , Urinary Tract Infections , Adolescent , Animals , Bacteria/drug effects , Cameroon , Case-Control Studies , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Parasitic Sensitivity Tests , Prevalence , Risk Factors , Schistosoma/drug effects , Trichomonas vaginalis/drug effects , Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology , Urinary Tract Infections/parasitology
7.
Abdom Radiol (NY) ; 45(4): 1110-1121, 2020 04.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31570959

ABSTRACT

Neoplastic diseases affecting the urinary organs are common, and diagnosis by imaging is usually straightforward. However, infectious/inflammatory processes also commonly affect these organs and can be mistaken for a neoplasm. Familiarity with these potential mimickers and awareness of their imaging presentations are key for correct diagnosis. We present the imaging findings of non-neoplastic infectious/inflammatory diseases that can mimic a neoplastic process.


Subject(s)
Inflammation/diagnostic imaging , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnostic imaging , Urologic Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Diagnosis, Differential , Humans , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology , Urinary Tract Infections/parasitology , Urinary Tract Infections/therapy , Urologic Diseases/therapy , Urologic Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
9.
J Helminthol ; 94: e84, 2019 Sep 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31500673

ABSTRACT

In many tropical areas schistosomiasis is a major health problem causing hepatosplenic, intestinal or urogenital complaints. Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni is also characterized by blood coagulation abnormalities. Liver pathology plays a role in the development of haemostatic changes and the parasitic infection may directly affect coagulation. However, these contributing factors cannot be studied separately in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis infections. This pilot study provides insight in haemostatic changes in urinary schistosomiasis by studying coagulation parameters in schistosomiasis haematobium-infected Gabonese schoolchildren. Selection on urinary schistosomiasis patients without hepatosplenic complaints allows for the investigation of the direct effects of the parasite on haemostasis. Levels of von Willebrand Factor (VWF) antigen, active VWF and osteoprotegerin were elevated, indicating inflammation-mediated endothelial activation. In contrast to hepatosplenic schistosomiasis, thrombin-antithrombin complex and D-dimer levels were not affected. Despite its small sample size, this study clearly indicates that Schistosoma haematobium directly alters the activation status of the endothelium, without initiation of coagulation.


Subject(s)
Blood Coagulation , Hemostatics/analysis , Schistosomiasis haematobia/urine , Schools/statistics & numerical data , Urinary Tract Infections/parasitology , Adolescent , Animals , Case-Control Studies , Child , Female , Gabon , Hemostasis , Humans , Male , Pilot Projects , Schistosoma haematobium/pathogenicity , Schistosomiasis haematobia/blood
10.
J Vector Borne Dis ; 56(2): 87-91, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31397382

ABSTRACT

Urinary schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma haematobium is very common in Nigeria, with Ebonyi State implicated to have the highest prevalence in the southeastern part of the country. The aim of this review was to estimate the status of urinary schistosomiasis in the State with regards to the elimination goals of World Health Organization (WHO). A comprehensive search of published articles on urinary schistosomiasis in Ebonyi State, Nigeria from 2006 to 2017 was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed and African Journals Online (AJOL) databases. Out of 26 retrieved articles, 15 met the inclusion criteria. The MetaXL software was used to compute the pooled prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis using the random effect model and results are presented as forest plot. Based on meta-analysis output, the pooled prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis was 26.02% [95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 17.91-35.04%]. The pooled prevalence was higher before 2014, the year when treatment with praziquantel (PZQ) was started. Of the senatorial zones, Ebonyi North had the highest pooled prevalence of 34.57% (95% CI = 10.50-61.32%). In addition, the prevalence of the disease was higher when all the age groups were sampled (31.33%; 95% CI = 12.75-51.98%) than when only schoolchildren were used as sampling population (25.23%; 95% CI = 15.66-35.93%). The pooled prevalence revealed that despite the mass drug distribution (MDA) of PZQ in the State, there is continued transmission of urinary schistosomiasis. Hence, if the WHO elimination goal of the disease has to be met, focused control and elimination programmes along with intense complementary public-health interventions are necessary.


Subject(s)
Schistosomiasis haematobia/epidemiology , Schistosomiasis haematobia/urine , Urinary Tract Infections/parasitology , Animals , Anthelmintics/therapeutic use , Disease Eradication/organization & administration , Humans , Nigeria/epidemiology , Praziquantel/therapeutic use , Prevalence , Schistosoma haematobium/drug effects , Schistosomiasis haematobia/drug therapy , Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology , World Health Organization
12.
Urol Int ; 102(3): 360-363, 2019.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29059677

ABSTRACT

Most cases of urogenital parasitosis are registered in Africa. However, migration movements and travellers moving from developed to developing countries are responsible for leading to an increased incidence of genitourinary infections caused by parasites in the western world including Spain having serious economic and health implications. The importance of its early detection and treatment also results from its potential risk for infertility, susceptibility for HIV infection and the development of bladder cancer. The most common presentation symptom is terminal haematuria, and when diagnosed, praziquantel is the treatment of choice. We report a series of 6 cases of urinary schistosomiasis that happened in a single centre in Spain and reminds the importance of having the infection in mind in certain cases of haematuria study.


Subject(s)
Hematuria/parasitology , Schistosomiasis haematobia/parasitology , Urinary Tract Infections/parasitology , Adult , Animals , Child , Female , Hematuria/diagnosis , Hematuria/therapy , Humans , Male , Parasites , Praziquantel/pharmacology , Risk , Schistosomiasis haematobia/diagnosis , Schistosomiasis haematobia/therapy , Spain , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis , Urinary Tract Infections/therapy , Young Adult
13.
Mali Med ; 33(1): 10-15, 2018.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30484584

ABSTRACT

Soil transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis are neglected tropical diseases (NTD), affecting the health status of endemic Malian populations. Mali has a national NTD elimination program using the mass drug administration (MDA) strategy combining Albendazole, Ivermectinand Praziquantel. Malaria still remains a public health problem in Mali. The Community health Center (CSCOM) in Kalifabougouvillage in the Kati health district has benefited from such MDA program since 2010. AIM: To evaluate the prevalence rate of malaria, intestinal and urinary parasite infections in the local population. MATERIEL AND METHODS: We conducted a nested cross sectional and cohort study in May 2011 on volunteers aged three months old to 25 years old. Blood smear (blood), Kato-Katz (Stools) and urine filtration techniques were used to evaluate parasite prevalence. Informed consent and assentment were obtained from the volunteers before their inclusion. All volunteers received treatment against the parasite diseases of interest according to the guidelines of national disease control programs. RESULTS: A total of 688 volunteers were included. The prevalence rates of parasitic infections were 22.1% [95% CI= 22.06 - 22.12] for Plasmodium falciparum, 9% [95% CI: 8.9-9.034] for Schistosoma haematobium; 3.5% [95% CI: 3.48-3.513] for Hymenolepis nana and 0.1% [95% CI : 0.093-0.107] for Schistoso mamansoni. The prevalence rate of the co-infection Plasmodium falciparum - Schistosoma haematobium was 2.18% [95% CI= 2.17 - 2.19] in Kalifabougou. CONCLUSION: Praziquantel and Albendazole-based MDA and Artemisinin based combined therapy (ACTs) could explain theobserved low prevalence of helminthiasis and malaria in Kalifabougou, Mali.


Les géohelminthes et les schistosomoses sont des maladies tropicales négligées, impactant sur l'état de santé des populations maliennes endémiques. Le Mali dispose d'un programme national d'élimination qui utilise la stratégie du Traitement de Masse à base Communautaire (TMC) combinant l'Albendazole, Ivermectine et le Praziquantel (PZQ). Quant au paludisme, il reste un problème majeur de santé publique au Mali. L'aire de santé du Centre de Santé Communautaire (CSCOM) de Kalifabougou, dans le district sanitaire de Kati, bénéficie de tel programme TMC depuis 2010. OBJECTIF: Evaluer les taux de prévalences du paludisme infestation, des parasitoses intestinales et urinaires dans la population du village de Kalifabougou, Mali. MATERIELS ET MÉTHODES: Nous avons réalisé une étude transversale en mai 2011 nichée dans une cohorte de volontaires âgés de 3 mois à 25 ans. Les techniques de la goutte épaisse (sang), de Kato-Katz, (selles), et de la filtration des urines; ont été utilisées pour l'évaluation des prévalences parasitaires. Le consentement éclairé et libre ainsi l'assentiment ont été obtenus de tous les volontaires avant leur inclusion. Tous les volontaires ont reçu des traitements contre les parasitoses selon les recommandations des programmes nationaux de lutte contre ces maladies. RÉSULTATS: Un total de 688 volontaires a été inclus dans notre étude. Les taux de prévalences des infections parasitaires étaient de 22,1%[95% CI: 22,06­22,12] pour le Plasmodium falciparum, 9%[95% CI: 8,9­9,034] pour Schistosomahaematobium, 3,5%[95% CI:3,48­3,513] pour Hymenolepis nana et 0,1%[95% CI : 0,093­0,107] pour Schistosomamansoni. Le taux de prévalence de la co-infection Plasmodium falciparum - Schistosomahaematobium était de 2,18%[95% CI :2,17­2,19] a Kalifabougou. CONCLUSION: Le traitement de masse à base de Praziquantel (PZQ) et d'Albendazole et le traitement systématique des cas de fièvres par les combinaisons thérapeutiques à base d'artemisinine (CTAs), auraient pu contribuer à la baisse de la prévalence des helminthes et du paludisme à Kalifabougou, Mali.


Subject(s)
Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic/epidemiology , Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology , Urinary Tract Infections/parasitology , Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Cohort Studies , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Mali/epidemiology , Prevalence
14.
Infect Dis Poverty ; 7(1): 102, 2018 Sep 21.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30268157

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In light of the shift to aiming for schistosomiasis elimination, the following are needed: data on reinfection patterns, participation, and sample submission adherence of all high-risk age groups to intervention strategies. This study was conducted to assess prevalence, reinfections along with consecutive participation, sample submission adherence, and effect of treatment on schistosomiasis prevalence in children aged five years and below in an endemic district in Zimbabwe, over one year. METHODS: The study was conducted from February 2016-February 2017 in Madziwa area, Shamva district. Following community mobilisation, mothers brought their children aged 5 years and below for recruitment at baseline and also urine sample collection at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months follow up surveys. At each time point, urine was tested for urogenital schistosomiasis by urine filtration and children found positive received treatment. Schistosoma haematobium prevalence, reinfections as well as children participation, and urine sample submission at each visit were assessed at each time point for one year. RESULTS: Of the 535 children recruited from the five communities, 169 (31.6%) participated consecutively at all survey points. The highest mean number of samples submitted was 2.9 among communities and survey points. S. haematobium prevalence significantly reduced from 13.3% at baseline to 2.8% at 12 months for all participants and from 24.9% at baseline to 1.8% at 12 months (P <  0.001) for participants coming at all- time points. Among the communities, the highest baseline prevalence was found in Chihuri for both the participants coming consecutively (38.5%, 10/26) and all participants (20.4%, 21/103). Reinfections were significantly high at 9 months follow up survey (P = 0.021) and in Mupfure (P = 0.003). New infections significantly decreased over time (P <  0.001). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of acquiring schistosomiasis was high in some communities (P <  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: S. haematobium infections and reinfections are seasonal and depend on micro-geographical settings. The risk of being infected with schistosomes in pre-school aged children increases with increasing age. Sustained treatment of infected individuals in a community reduces prevalence overtime. Participation compliance at consecutive visits and sample submission adherence are important for effective operational control interventions.


Subject(s)
Schistosomiasis/epidemiology , Schistosomiasis/parasitology , Urinary Tract Infections/epidemiology , Urinary Tract Infections/parasitology , Animals , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Geography, Medical , Health Surveys , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Prevalence , Recurrence , Risk Factors , Rural Population , Schistosoma haematobium , Schistosomiasis haematobia/epidemiology , Schistosomiasis haematobia/parasitology , Zimbabwe/epidemiology
15.
Parasitol Res ; 117(6): 1979-1983, 2018 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29663148

ABSTRACT

Urinary bladder worm infection is relatively uncommon in pet dogs and cats in the Americas. This report describes the diagnosis of lower urinary tract infection by Pearsonema plica in two asymptomatic dogs and P. feliscati in a cat with lower urinary tract clinical signs diagnosed between 2002 and 2015, and the first report of this type of parasitism in domestic small animals in Mexico at an altitude above 2600 m above sea level. The studied cases demonstrate the need to consider a urinary bladder worm infection in domestic small animals, both stray animals and those with controlled access to the streets. Although a definitive host as foxes does not exist among the urban wildlife in cities of the Americas, stray dogs and cats should be considered as potential reservoir hosts of Pearsonema, which requires future epidemiological studies in these populations.


Subject(s)
Cat Diseases/diagnosis , Dog Diseases/diagnosis , Nematoda/isolation & purification , Nematode Infections/veterinary , Urinary Bladder/parasitology , Urinary Tract Infections/parasitology , Altitude , Animals , Cat Diseases/parasitology , Cats , Dog Diseases/parasitology , Dogs , Female , Foxes/parasitology , Mexico , Nematode Infections/parasitology , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis , Urinary Tract Infections/veterinary
16.
J Parasitol ; 104(4): 433-437, 2018 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29672249

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to report a case of a hydronephrotic patient with Strongyloides stercoralis infection, with discharge of rhabditoid larvae exclusively in urine. In 2013, a 72-yr-old male patient, hypertensive, obese, and diagnosed with hydronephrosis secondary to renal calculi, reported lumbar pain, polyuria, polaciuria, and dysuria, as well as frequent urinary tract infections. The microscopic analysis of urine sediment showed the presence of S. stercoralis rabditoid larvae. However, parasitological examinations by Baermann-Moraes, agar plate culture, and spontaneous sedimentation performed with 3 fecal samples on alternate days had negative results. The patient was treated with albendazole and to date has shown negative results in both parasitological and urine tests. This report deals with the unusual finding of S. stercoralis in a urine sample of an immunocompetent individual and absence of disseminated infection, but with hydronephrosis. Patients with nephropathies from S. stercoralis-endemic areas should be monitored periodically, as early detection may prevent the worsening of symptoms and renal failure.


Subject(s)
Hydronephrosis/complications , Strongyloides stercoralis/isolation & purification , Strongyloidiasis/parasitology , Urinary Tract Infections/parasitology , Urine/parasitology , Aged , Albendazole/therapeutic use , Animals , Antinematodal Agents/therapeutic use , Feces/parasitology , Humans , Hydronephrosis/etiology , Kidney Calculi/complications , Male , Strongyloidiasis/drug therapy , Urine/cytology , Urine/microbiology
17.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 4333, 2018 03 12.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29531289

ABSTRACT

Urine culture and microscopy techniques are used to profile the bacterial species present in urinary tract infections. To gain insight into the urinary flora, we analyzed clinical laboratory features and the microbial metagenome of 121 clean-catch urine samples. 16S rDNA gene signatures were successfully obtained for 116 participants, while metagenome sequencing data was successfully generated for samples from 49 participants. Although 16S rDNA sequencing was more sensitive, metagenome sequencing allowed for a more comprehensive and unbiased representation of the microbial flora, including eukarya and viral pathogens, and of bacterial virulence factors. Urine samples positive by metagenome sequencing contained a plethora of bacterial (median 41 genera/sample), eukarya (median 2 species/sample) and viral sequences (median 3 viruses/sample). Genomic analyses suggested cases of infection with potential pathogens that are often missed during routine urine culture due to species specific growth requirements. While conventional microbiological methods are inadequate to identify a large diversity of microbial species that are present in urine, genomic approaches appear to more comprehensively and quantitatively describe the urinary microbiome.


Subject(s)
Bacteria/classification , Eukaryota/classification , Metagenome , Urinary Tract Infections/microbiology , Urinary Tract Infections/virology , Viruses/classification , Bacteria/genetics , Bacteria/isolation & purification , DNA, Ribosomal/genetics , Eukaryota/genetics , Eukaryota/isolation & purification , Female , Humans , Male , Phylogeny , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Urinary Tract Infections/parasitology , Urinary Tract Infections/urine , Viruses/genetics , Viruses/isolation & purification
19.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot ; 111(3): 148-151, 2018.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30793579

ABSTRACT

This is the first record of a case of urinary myiasis in the Palestinian Territories caused by Clogmia albipunctata. Larvae were discharged through urine by a 28-year-old pregnant female whom complained of mild abdominal pain associated with burning sensation while urinating over the past 3 months. Detailed description of the larva was provided.


Il s'agit du premier cas de myiase urinaire dans les Territoires palestiniens due à Clogmia albipunctata. Les larves ont été excrétées dans les urines d'une patiente de 28 ans, enceinte, qui se plaignait de douleurs abdominales légères associées, les trois derniers mois, à une sensation de brûlure lors des mictions. Cet article présente également la description des larves.


Subject(s)
Myiasis/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/diagnosis , Psychodidae , Urinary Tract Infections/diagnosis , Abdominal Pain/diagnosis , Abdominal Pain/parasitology , Adult , Animals , Arabs , Female , Humans , Larva , Myiasis/urine , Pregnancy , Psychodidae/growth & development , Urinary Tract Infections/parasitology
20.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 11(12): e0006016, 2017 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29216181

ABSTRACT

Telmatoscopus albipunctatus, a cosmopolitan fly, is widely distributed throughout moist environments. It is one of the most medically important insects (especially in urban environments) that may potentially cause myiasis. Urinary myiasis and other sites of infestation, including the intestine, nasal passages, lung, and derma, have been reported. This is the first case report of a Chinese middlescent woman infected with T. albipunctatus in Guangzhou, China. In the present report, a 50-year-old woman came to The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China, because larvae were found when urinating in the morning; this had occurred every two days within the past two months. She complained of frequent micturition and urgency. Urine tests indicated that all indexes were normal except for slight urinary tract infection. Subsequently, the larvae were sent to the diagnostic section for parasitic infection in the Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. The stereoscopic microscope and transmission electron microscope were used for morphological observation. On this basis, the cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene was specifically amplified by PCR. Sequence analysis of the PCR product and phylogenetic analysis were used to identify the species. Morphological analysis combined with molecular biology methods indicated that the insect was the fourth instar larvae of T. albipunctatus. Our results show that this was a case of a 50-year-old woman infected with T. albipunctatus larvae in her urinary tract, and the findings suggest that clinicians should be vigilant for this infection.


Subject(s)
Myiasis/diagnosis , Psychodidae , Urinary Tract Infections/parasitology , Animals , China , Female , Humans , Larva , Middle Aged , Myiasis/parasitology , Phylogeny
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