Sutura de B-Lynch en hemorragia postparto por inercia uterina: experiencia Hospital Dr. Luis Tisné Brousse 2013-2016 / B-Lynch suture in postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine inertia: Hospital Experience Dr. Luis Tisné Brousse 2013-2016

INTRODUCCIÓN Y OBJETIVOS: La Hemorragia Postparto (HPP) es uno de los grandes desafíos para el equipo multidisciplinario y sigue siendo una de las principales causas de muerte materna en el mundo, pese a los adelantos en su manejo. Se define como la hemorragia que produce compromise hemodinámico de la paciente e involucra entre el 1 al 5% de todos los partos. Dentro de las técnicas quirúrgicas conservadoras, existen las suturas compresivas, tales como la sutura de B-Lynch. Nuestro objetivo es determinar la efectividad de la sutura de B-Lynch como manejo quirúrgico conservador de hemorragia postparto por inercia uterina, a través de la necesidad de reintervención o de recurrir a la histerectomía obstétrica como manejo quirúrgico final. MÉTODOS: Estudio retrospectivo observacional, a través de revisión de fichas clínicas de pacientes sometidas a técnica B-Lynch entre enero de 2013 y diciembre de 2016, en el Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia del Hospital Dr. Luis Tisné Brousse. RESULTADOS: En 48 pacientes, la efectividad de la sutura de B-Lynch como técnica única o asociada a ligadura arterias uterinas o hipogástricas fue de 91,7%. Requirieron reintervención 8,3%, no se reportaron muertes fetales ni maternas y se obtuvo sólo un recién nacido con Apgar inferior a 7 a los 5 minutos. CONCLUSIONES: La sutura de B-Lynch es una técnica segura, de rápido acceso y con Buenos resultados, por lo que recomendamos su uso en la HPP por inercia uterina que no responde a manejo médico y con deseos de preservación uterina.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Postpartum haemorrhage (HPP) is one of the major challenges for the multidisciplinary team and remains one of the leading causes of maternal death in the world despite advances in its management. It is defined as hemorrhage that produces hemodynamic compromise of the patient and involves between 1 and 5% of all deliveries. Within conservative surgical techniques, there are compressive sutures, such as the B-Lynch suture. Our goal is to determine the effectiveness of B-Lynch suture as a conservative surgical management of postpartum hemorrhage by uterine inertia, through the need for reoperation or to resort to obstetric hysterectomy as final surgical management. METHODS: Retrospective observational study, through review of clinical files of patients submitted to B-Lynch technique between January 2013 and December 2016, at the Gynecology and Obstetrics Service of the Dr. Luis Tisné Brousse Hospital. RESULTS: In 48 patients, the effectiveness of the B-Lynch suture as a single technique or associated with ligature uterine or hypogastric arteries was 91.7%. 8.3% were reoperated, fetal or maternal deaths were not reported, and only one Apgar score was less than 7 at 5 minutes. CONCLUSIONS: The B-Lynch suture is a safe technique, of fast access and good results, so we recommend its use in PPH by uterine inertia that does not respond to medical management and with desires of uterine preservation.

Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of buccal misoprostol to reduce the need for additional uterotonic drugs during cesarean delivery.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether buccal misoprostol during cesarean delivery in conjunction with active management of the third stage of labor reduces the need for additional uterotonic drugs. METHOD: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial was performed in Monterrey, Mexico, between February 2008 and December 2013. Eligible women had risk factors for uterine atony and were to undergo cesarean delivery under epidural block. Using a computer-generated sequence and blocks of six, patients were randomly assigned to receive 400µg misoprostol or 800µg placebo buccally after cord clamping. Both groups received an intravenous oxytocin infusion. The primary outcome was the need for additional uterotonic drugs. Analyses were performed per protocol. Patients, investigators, and data analysts were masked to group assignment. RESULTS: A total of 120 women were included in analyses (60 in each group). At least one additional uterotonic drug was required in 24 (40%) women in the placebo group versus 6 (10%) women in the misoprostol group (relative risk 0.16; 95% confidence interval 0.06-0.44). No adverse effects due to misoprostol were recorded. CONCLUSION: Buccal misoprostol during cesarean delivery reduced the need for additional uterotonic drugs to treat uterine atony. ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT01733329.

The B-Lynch technique for the management of intraoperative uterine atony.

This paper reports the experience of 150 B-Lynch suture applications for the management of uterine atony during caesarean section that did not respond to conventional therapeutical measures. Technique was considered effective if the need for hysterectomy was avoided. High-risk antenatal obstetrical conditions included: pre-eclampsia (12%), oligohydramnios (8%), polyhydramnios (4.7%). A total of 36% were primigravid, 66% had been in active labour, 4.7% received misoprostol and 26.7% used oxytocin for labour augmentation. Suture was successful in 95.3%, with only five cases requiring hysterectomy combined with uterine artery ligation and two uterine artery ligations alone to control bleeding and uterine atony ('floppiness'). Although 26.7% of cases required transfusions, no maternal deaths were reported, and overall women were discharged after a median 4-day hospital stay without further complications upon follow-up. The B-Lynch technique was an effective intraoperative measure to control uterine atony. Despite the encouraging results, long term assessment on a larger sample is needed in our clinical scenario.

Efficacy of surgical techniques to control obstetric hemorrhage: analysis of 539 cases.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy of surgical techniques to stop excessive obstetric bleeding. DESIGN: Retrospective follow up. SETTING: Center for Medical Education and Clinical Research and a total of twelve hospitals in Buenos Aires. POPULATION: Five hundred and thirty-nine consecutive patients were included: 361 had placenta accreta-percreta, 114 uterine atony, 19 cervical scar pregnancy, 21 placenta previa and 24 uterine-cervical-vaginal tears. Three hundred and forty-seven women had surgery, of whom 192 were emergencies. METHODS: The surgical techniques included selective arterial ligation and compression procedures. The effectiveness of the techniques was assessed by cessation of bleeding according to source. Follow up included hysteroscopy of 100 patients and magnetic resonance imaging of 341 patients. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Strong association between topographical uterine irrigation areas and surgical hemostatic technique was established. RESULTS: Hemorrhage stopped following arterial ligation or compression sutures in 499 women, but hysterectomy was needed in 40. In cervical, lower segment and upper vaginal bleeding, Cho's compression sutures proved to be an efficient and simple procedure. Most surgical hemostatic failures that led to hysterectomy occurred in women with severe hemodynamic deterioration and coagulopathy. Two women died due to multiorgan failure. After surgery, 116 successful pregnancies were reported. CONCLUSIONS: Bilateral occlusions of the uterine artery or its branches were useful procedures to stop upper uterine bleeding. Square sutures were a simple and effective procedure to control lower genital tract bleeding.

Histerectomía posparto: experiencia de Clínica Las Condes / Postpartum hysterectomy: Clínica Las Condes experience

Objetivo: Analizar la experiencia clínica de pacientes sometidas a histerectomía posparto (HPP). Método: Estudio retrospectivo de la HPP efectuadas en Clínica Las Condes entre enero de 2000 y diciembre de 2009. Resultados: Hubo 15.356 partos con 34 casos de HPP (incidencia de 2,2 histerectomías/1000 partos). La edad materna promedio fue de 36 años; 97 por ciento eran multíparas. La edad gestacional promedio al parto fue 36,1 semanas (rango: 27-40). Causas principales: acretismo placentario (61,8 por ciento), inercia uterina (20,6 por ciento) y rotura uterina (8,8 por ciento). En el 29,4 por ciento se realizó además la ligadura de arterias hipogástricas. Histerectomía total en el 85,3 por ciento. El 91,2 por ciento presentó complicaciones, la más frecuente correspondió a lesión vesical asociada a acretismo placentario (26,5 por ciento). En el postoperatorio inmediato hubo 29 casos de anemia, 10 casos de coagulación intravascular diseminada, 2 casos de hemoperitoneo (reoperadas) y 2 pacientes con choque hipovolémico. Hubo 1 caso de trombosis pelviana, 1 caso de trombosis de vena ovárica y 1 caso de fasceitis necrotizante. Tardíamente hubo 3 casos de depresión, 1 tromboembolismo pulmonar, 1 fístula vésico-vaginal y 1 proceso inflamatorio pelviano. No hubo muertes maternas. Transfusión de sangre y/o hemoderivados en 76,5 por ciento. Hubo 1 mortinato y 2 mortineonatos con un 8,5 por ciento (3/35) de muerte perinatal. Conclusiones: La HPP es una intervención de urgencia que se plantea frente a una hemorragia severa, secundaria a diversas patologías, durante o posterior al parto, asociada frecuentemente con cesárea anterior e inercia uterina.

Objetive: To analyze the clinical experience of peripartum hysterectomy (PH). Method: Retrospective review of women who required PH at Las Condes Clinic since January 2000 to December 2009. Results: In the study period 15,356 patients were delivered with 34 cases of PH (incidence: 2.2/1000 deliveries). The mean age was 36 years old, 97 percent were multiparous. The mean gestational age at delivery was 36.1 weeks (range: 27-40). Causes: placenta accreta (61.8 percent), uterine atony (20.6 percent) and uterine rupture (8.8 percent). In 29.4 percent a bilateral hypogastric ligation was added to the hysterectomy. Total hysterectomy was performed in 85.3 percent of cases. There was at least one complication in 91.2 percent women. The intraopertive bladder injury associated with placenta accreta was the most frequent complication (26.5 percent). Postoperative complications: 29 cases of anemia, 10 cases of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, 2 hemoperitoneum that required surgical reexploration, 2 cases of hypovolemic shock, 1 case of pelvic thrombosis, 1 case of ovarian vein thrombosis and 1 case of necrotizing fasceitis. Late complications included depression, pulmonary embolism, bladder-vagina fistula and pelvic inflammatory disease. 76.5 percent required transfusion. There were no cases of maternal death with 8.5 percent of perinatal death. Conclusions: PH it is performed in patients with severe bleeding during or after labor and delivery, frequently is associated with serious maternal morbidity. Previous cesarean section with abnormal placental implantation and uterine atony were the most frequent indications.

Sutura de B-Lynch: experiencia en el desarrollo de una nueva técnica quirúrgica / B-Lynch suture for postpartum hemorrhage: a new surgical technique

Antecedentes: La hemorragia postparto (HPP) continúa siendo una de las patologías más prevalentes en la morbimortalidad materna en todo el mundo, especialmente en los países subdesarrollados. Distintos protocolos de manejo y técnicas se han desarrollado en los últimos años para su control. La sutura de B-Lynch surge como una herramienta útil y reproducible. Objetivo: Demostrar los beneficios de la técnica para el control de la HPP. Método: Serie de 5 casos en los que se realizó la sutura de B-Lynch en el Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología del Hospital Carlos Van Buren. Se identifican 5 casos en los que se realizó la técnica. Resultados: En los 5 casos se logró exitosamente controlar la HPP y preservar el útero. Una de las pacientes logró un embarazo posterior exitoso. Conclusión: Nuestros resultados permiten afirmar que la técnica de B-Lynch es segura, útil y reproducible en el manejo de la HPP.

Background: The postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) continues to be a prevalent problem affecting maternal morbimortality all over the world, particularly in non-developed countries. Different protocols of management and new techniques have been developed through these last years to control and treat PPH. The B-Lynch suture appears to be a useful and reproductible tool. Objectives: To show the benefits of the technique in the management of PPH. Method: A retrospective review of five cases in which B-Lynch suture was made, with the postoperatory controls and histeroscopics evaluations. Results: In all cases, successfully PPH was controlled and the uterus preserved. In one patient a successfully pregnancy and delivery was achieved. Conclusion: The B-Lynch suture is secure, useful and reproducible technique in the management of PPH.

[Obstetric hysterectomy. Incidence, indications and complications]. / Histerectomía obstétrica: incidencia, indicaciones y complicaciones.

BACKGROUND: Obstetric hysterectomy is indicated when patient's life is at risk, and it is a procedure that requires a highly experienced and skilled medical team to solve any complication. OBJECTIVE: To identify incidence, indications, and complications of obstetric hysterectomy within a high-risk population. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Transversal, retrospective study from July 1st 2004 to June 30 2006 at Unidad Medica de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Ginecoobstetricia, Centro Medico Nacional de Occidente, IMSS. There were reviewed 103 patient' files with obstetric hysterectomy. Incidence was calculated, and clinical and socio-demographic characteristics, indications, and complications of obstetric hysterectomy identified and expressed in frequency, percentages, and central tendency measurements. RESULTS: Incidence of obstetric hysterectomy was 8 cases within every 1,000 obstetric consultation. Age average was 31.1 +/- 5.1 years. 72.8% had cesarean surgery history. Main indication was placenta previa associated with placenta accreta (33%), followed by uterine hypotony (22.3%). Complications were hypovolemic shock (56.3%), and vesical injuries (5.8%). There were no maternal deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Cesarean history induces higher obstetric hysterectomy incidence in women with high-risk pregnancy, due to its relation to placentation disorders, as placenta previa that increases hemorrhage possibility, and thus, maternal morbidity and mortality.

Histerectomía obstétrica / Obstetric hysterectomy

Se analizan 52 casos de histerectomía obstétrica en la maternidad del Hospital Félix Bulnes Cerda ocurridas entre 1983 y 1998, obteniéndose una incidencia de 1 por cada 2283 partos ocurridos en ese período. Sus principales indicaciones son: la inercia uterina, adherencia placentaria anormal y el desprendimiento de placenta normoiserta (D.P.P.N.I.). La histerectomía fue subtotal en la mayoría de los casos (57,7 por ciento). Existe un alto porcentaje de pacientes multíparas con edades sobre los 30 años. Las complicaciones más frecuentes son: lesión de la vía urinaria, fiebre, hematoma y/o hemorragia de la neocúpula. La indicación de histerectomía obstetricia usada como recurso de salvataje debe ser criteriosa evitando causar mayor daño a la paciente, siempre entendiendo que la prevención y la optimización de las medidas coadyuvantes pueden hacer innecesaria la histerectomía

Ligaduras hemostáticas en la inercia uterina postcesárea / Hemostatic sutures in uterine, postcesarea inertia

El presente informe describe una nueva técnica con base en ligaduras hemostáticas sobre el músculo uterino, las cuales se utilizan en los casos de inercia uterina con la finalidad de coadyuvar en la contracción de este órgano después del alumbramiento, estas ligaduras pueden ser utilizadas tanto en la cesárea como en el parto. La indicación precisa es cuando aún después de haber recurrido a métodos habituales como: masaje, comprensión del útero y la metrorragia persiste. Se informan 69 casos en los cuales se aplicaron ligaduras hemostáticas, de los cuales sólo en un caso no se controló la hemorragia y fue necesario practicar histerectomía. En los restantes 68 se logró evitar la histerectomía con el uso de las suturas hemostáticas

[Pregnancy after a partial dearterialization of the uterus. A case report]. / Embarazo post-desarterialización parcial del útero. Informe de un caso.

A case of a 27-year-old woman with a previous partial uterine dearterialization for uterine atony in its first gestation, is presented. This woman asked advise for secondary infertility and after a laparoscopic adhesiolysis she achieved pregnancy. With the exception of tubo-peritoneal factor all other infertility studied factors were normal. Partial uterine dearterialization must be taken in account in patients with obstetric bleeding and posterior fertility expectatives.

[Transabdominal cerclage in the treatment of cervical incompetence]. / Cerclaje transabdominal en el tratamiento de la incompetencia cervical.

Six transabdominal cerclages in patients with cervical incompetence due to severe cervix damage or vaginal cerclage failure are presented. Results are discussed. In this series the salvage rate was 90%. For the first time in the literature a successful case of transabdominal cerclage in patient with a cervico-vaginal fistula is presented.