Proposed public policies to improve outcomes in vascular surgery: an experts' forum.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate outcomes of vascular surgeries and identify strategies to improve public vascular care. METHODS: This was a descriptive, qualitative, and cross-sectional survey involving 30 specialists of the Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein via Zoom. The outcomes of vascular procedures performed in the Public Health System extracted through Big Data analysis were discussed, and 53 potential strategies to improve public vascular care to improve public vascular care. RESULTS: There was a consensus on mandatory reporting of some key complications after complex arterial surgeries, such as stroke after carotid revascularization and amputations after lower limb revascularization. Participants agreed on the recommendation of screening for diabetic feet and infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms. The use of Telemedicine as a tool for patient follow-up, auditing of centers for major arterial surgeries, and the concentration of complex arterial surgeries in reference centers were also points of consensus, as well as the need to reduce the values of endovascular materials. Regarding venous surgery, it was suggested that there should be incentives for simultaneous treatment of both limbs in cases of varicose veins of the lower limbs, in addition to the promotion of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy in the public system. CONCLUSION: After discussing the data from the Brazilian Public System, proposals were defined for standardizing measures in population health care in the area of vascular surgery. Notification of complications of arterial surgeries is essential in identifying strategies to improve surgical outcomes. Screening of prevalent and/or morbid diseases allows early intervention and prevention of complications. Use of telemedicine in vascular follow-up allows optimizing the use of resources and reducing the burden on health services. Concentrating complex cases in reference hospitals leads to improved surgical outcomes.

Pulsatile varicose veins: an uncommon presentation of a common condition / Varizes pulsáteis: uma apresentação incomum de uma condição comum

Abstract Varicose veins of the lower limbs are common. However, pulsatile varicose veins are unusual. They could be an indicator of a sinister underlying pathology, such as severe cardiac dysfunction. It is easy to miss these rare cases during clinical workup, which can result in futile treatment with potentially dangerous consequences. In this report, we describe 2 cases of pulsatile varicose veins that highlight different etiologies and management strategies for this condition.

Resumo Varizes dos membros inferiores são comuns. Entretanto, varizes pulsáteis são raras, podendo ser indicadoras de uma patologia subjacente sombria como disfunção cardíaca grave. É fácil deixar passar esses casos raros durante exames clínicos, o que pode resultar em tratamento fútil com consequências potencialmente perigosas. Neste relato, descrevemos dois casos de varizes pulsáteis que evidenciam as diferentes etiologias e estratégias de manejo para essa condição.

Tratamento endovascular de síndrome congestiva venosa pélvica em paciente com duplicação de veia cava inferior e anatomia venosa pélvica incomum: revisão bibliográfica / Endovascular treatment of pelvic venous congestion syndrome in a patient with duplication of the inferior vena cava and unusual pelvic venous anatomy: literature review

Resumo A dor pélvica crônica afeta aproximadamente 1/3 de todas as mulheres e é responsável por cerca de 20% de todas as consultas ginecológicas. Os autores relatam um raro caso de congestão venosa pélvica sintomática na presença de duplicação de veia cava inferior e comunicação interilíaca através de veia hipogástrica direita tratado com abordagem endovascular, por embolização das veias varicosas pélvicas e revisão da literatura publicada.

Abstract Chronic pelvic pain affects approximately one-third of all women and is responsible for about 20% of all gynecological consultations. The authors report a rare case of symptomatic pelvic venous congestion in the presence of duplication of the inferior vena cava and inter-iliac communication through the right hypogastric vein that was treated via an endovascular approach with embolization of varicose pelvic veins. The published literature is reviewed.

Case Series Regarding Parastomal Variceal Bleeding: Presentation and Management.

Parastomal variceal bleeding (PVB) is a serious complication occurring in up to 27% of patients with an ostomy and concurrent cirrhosis and portal hypertension. The management of PVB is difficult and there are no clear guidelines on this matter. Transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS), sclerotherapy, and /or coil embolization are all therapies that have been shown to successfully manage PVB. We present a case series with five different patients who had a PVB at our institution. The aim of this case series is to report our experience on the management of this infrequently reported but serious condition. We also conducted a systemic literature review focusing on the treatment modalities of 163 patients with parastomal variceal bleeds. In our series, patient 1 had embolization and sclerotherapy without control of bleed and expired on the day of intervention due to hemorrhagic shock. Patient 2 had TIPS in conjunction with embolization and sclerotherapy and had no instance of rebleed 441 days after therapy. Patient 3 did not undergo any intervention due to high risk for morbidity and mortality, the bleed self-resolved and there was no further rebleed, this same patient died of sepsis 73 days later. Patient 4 had embolization and sclerotherapy and had no instance of rebleed 290 days after therapy. Patient 5 had TIPS procedure and was discharged five days post procedure without rebleed, patient has since been lost to follow-up.

Sensitivity and specificity of clinical findings for the diagnosis of pelvic congestion syndrome in women with chronic pelvic pain.

Background Pelvic congestion syndrome is among the causes of pelvic pain. One of the diagnostic tools is pelvic venography using Beard's criteria, which are 91% sensitive and 80% specific for this syndrome. Objective To assess the diagnostic performance of the clinical findings in women diagnosed with pelvic congestion syndrome coming to a Level III institution. Methods Descriptive retrospective study in women with chronic pelvic pain taken to transuterine pelvic venography at the Advanced Gynecological Laparoscopy and Pelvic Pain Unit of Clinica Comfamiliar, between August 2008 and December 2011, analyzing social, demographic, and clinical variables. Results A total of 132 patients with a mean age of 33.9 years. Dysmenorrhea, ovarian points, and vulvar varices have a sensitivity greater than 80%, and the presence of leukorrhea, vaginal mass sensation, the finding of an abdominal mass, abdominal trigger points, and positive pinprick test have a specificity greater than 80% when compared with venography. Conclusion This study may be considered as the first to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the clinical findings associated with pelvic congestion syndrome in a sample of the Colombian population. In the future, these findings may be used to create a clinical score for the diagnosis of this condition.

Associação entre sintomas, veias varicosas e refluxo na veia safena magna ao eco-Doppler / Associations between symptoms and varicose veins and great saphenous vein reflux seen on Doppler ultrasonography

Resumo Contexto A doença venosa crônica requer avaliação clínica, quantificação dos efeitos hemodinâmicos e definição da distribuição anatômica para decisão diagnóstica e tratamento. Métodos Estudo prospectivo realizado em 2015 com amostra de 1.384 pacientes (2.669 membros) com idade entre 17 e 85 anos, sendo 1.227 do sexo feminino. Nas respostas do questionário aplicado, os sintomas pesquisados eram dor, cansaço, sensação de peso, queimação, câimbras e formigamento. Para a formação dos grupos, foi considerado o número de membros, distribuídos em relação ao gênero, ao índice de massa corporal e à idade. Após a definição grupos e a realização do eco-Doppler para estudo da veia safena magna (VSM), os pacientes foram distribuídos em três grupos (I: sintomas presentes e varizes ausentes, II: sintomas ausentes e varizes presentes e III: sintomas presentes e varizes presentes). A análise estatística utilizou o teste qui-quadrado ou exato de Fisher para verificar a homogeneidade entre os grupos. Em caso de associação com significância de 5%, foi calculada a razão de chances. Resultados Para ambos os gêneros, foi observada chance de insuficiência da VSM 11,2 vezes maior no grupo III. Por sua vez, os casos de obesidade mórbida ocorreram 9,1 vezes mais no mesmo grupo. Além disso, pacientes na faixa etária entre 30 e 50 anos desse grupo apresentaram chance de insuficiência da VSM 43,1 vezes maior. Conclusões A insuficiência da VSM foi significantemente mais frequente no grupo III, tanto globalmente como considerando apenas os casos de obesidade mórbida e a faixa etária mais elevada.

Abstract Background Chronic venous disease demands clinical assessment, quantification of hemodynamic effects, and definition of anatomic distribution before diagnostic and treatment decisions can be made. Methods This is a prospective study conducted in 2015 with a sample of 1,384 patients (2,669 limbs) aged from 17 to 85 years, 1,227 of whom were female. The most common symptoms reported in response to the questionnaire were pain, tiredness, feelings of heaviness, burning, cramps, and tingling. Subsets were formed on the basis of number of limbs distributed by sex, body mass index, and age. After definition of subsets, Doppler ultrasonography was used to conduct examinations of the great saphenous vein (GSV) and patients were distributed into three clinical groups (I: symptoms present and varicose veins absent, II: symptoms absent and varicose veins present and III: symptoms present and varicose veins present). Statistical analysis employed the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test to test for homogeneity between groups. When associations significant to 5% were detected, odds ratios were calculated. Results For both sexes, the chance of GSV insufficiency was 11.2 times greater in group III. Among cases with morbid obesity, the chance was 9.1 times greater in the same group. Additionally, patients in this group with ages ranging from 30 to 50 years exhibited a 43.1 times greater chance of GSV insufficiency. Conclusions Insufficiency of the GSV was significantly more frequent in group III, both overall and when considering only cases with morbid obesity, or cases in older age groups.

Persistent below-knee great saphenous vein reflux after above-knee endovenous laser ablation with 1470-nm laser: a prospective study / Persistência do refluxo da veia safena magna na perna após termoablação com laser 1470 nm na coxa: estudo prospectivo

BACKGROUND: In endovenous laser ablation (EVLA), the great saphenous vein (GSV) is usually ablated from the knee to the groin, with no treatment of the below-knee segment regardless of its reflux status. However, persistent below-knee GSV reflux appears to be responsible for residual varicosities and symptoms of venous disease. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate clinical and duplex ultrasound (DUS) outcomes of the below-knee segment of the GSV after above-knee EVLA associated with conventional surgical treatment of varicosities and incompetent perforating veins. METHODS: Thirty-six patients (59 GSVs) were distributed into 2 groups, a control group (26 GSVs with normal below-knee flow on DUS) and a test group (33 GSVs with below-knee reflux). Above-knee EVLA was performed with a 1470-nm bare-fiber diode laser and supplemented with phlebectomies of varicose tributaries and insufficient perforating-communicating veins through mini-incisions. Follow-up DUS, clinical evaluation using the venous clinical severity score (VCSS), and evaluation of complications were performed at 3-5 days after the procedure and at 1, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS: Mean patient age was 45 years, and 31 patients were women (86.12%). VCSS improved in both groups. Most patients in the test group exhibited normalization of reflux, with normal flow at the beginning of follow-up (88.33% of GSVs at 3-5 days and 70% at 1 month). However, in many of these patients reflux eventually returned (56.67% of GSVs at 6 months and 70% at 1 year). CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that reflux in the below-knee segment of the GSV was not influenced by the treatment performed.

CONTEXTO: A termoablação da veia safena magna com laser (em inglês, endovenous laser therapy - EVLA) geralmente é realizada do joelho até a virilha, sem tratamento do segmento abaixo do joelho, independentemente do seu status de refluxo. Entretanto, a persistência de refluxo da veia safena magna (VS.M) na perna parece ser responsável por varizes residuais e sintomas da doença venosa. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a evolução clínica e os resultados do eco-Doppler da VS.M na perna após EVLA na coxa associada ao tratamento cirúrgico convencional de varizes e veias perfurantes incompetentes. Métodos Trinta e seis pacientes (59 VS.Ms) foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo-controle (26 VS.Ms com fluxo normal na perna ao eco-Doppler) e grupo-teste (33 VS.Ms com refluxo na perna). EVLA na coxa foi realizada com laser 1470 nm com fibra nua, associada a flebectomia das veias tributárias e perfurantes-comunicantes insuficientes através de mini-incisões. Acompanhamento com eco-Doppler, avaliação clínica pelo escore de gravidade clínica venosa (em inglês, venous clinical severity score – VCSS) e avaliação das complicações foram realizados 3-5 dias após o procedimento e em 1, 6 e 12 meses. RESULTADOS: A idade média dos pacientes era de 45 anos, e 31 eram mulheres (86,12%). Os dois grupos apresentaram melhora no VCSS. A maioria do grupo-teste apresentou normalização do refluxo, com fluxo normal no início do acompanhamento (88,33% das VS.Ms em 3-5 dias e 70% em 1 mês). Porém, esses pacientes evoluíram com retorno do refluxo (56,67% das VS.Ms em 6 meses e 70% em 1 ano). CONCLUSÕES: Esses dados sugerem que o refluxo da VS.M na perna não foi influenciado pelo tratamento realizado.

Endovenous laser ablation of the great saphenous vein comparing 1920-nm and 1470-nm diode laser.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare venous occlusion rates at a one-year follow-up comparing 1920-nm versus 1470-nm endolaser. METHODS: Randomized prospective study with consecutive patients with varicose veins associated to great saphenous reflux. The 1470-nm laser ablation was performed in continuous mode, with power of 10 W, while for the 1920-nm it was set in 5 W. Follow-up data were collected at the 7-day, 30-day, 3-month, 6-month and 1-year visits, and involved clinical, ultrasound evaluation and measurement of occlusion length. RESULTS: Sixty seven patients were included, with 42 limbs operated in the 1470-nm group and 48 limbs in the 1920-nm group. There were no differences in relation to age, CEAP (Clinical, Etiologic, Anatomical and Pathological Classification), VCSS (Venous Clinical Severity Score) and saphenous diameter. The resulting LEED in 1920-nm group was 17.8±0.6 J/cm and vs. 24.7±0.8 J/cm in 1470-nm group (P<0.01). Closure rates were lower for the 1920-nm group: 90.9% vs. 96.8% (P=0.06) at 30 days, 87.5% vs. 96.3% at 6 months (P=0.03), and 87.5% vs. 94.7% (P=0.05) at one year. The 1920-nm group had less ecchymosis (18.7% vs. 52.4%), induration (12.4% vs. 38.1%) and days of analgesic use (1.4±0.2 vs. 2.4±0.4). CEAP and VCSS were reduced over time in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment with endolaser 1920-nm was feasible and with reduced complications. The use of low endoluminal energy resulted in lower vein occlusion rates comparing to the 1470-nn laser. Clinical outcome scores were similar between groups.

Real time echo-guided endolaser for thermal ablation without perivenous tumescence / Endolaser ecoguiado em tempo real para termoablação sem intumescência perivenosa

There is no consensus in the medical literature on the ideal procedure for endovenous laser application. Objective To assess the safety and efficacy of real time echo-guided endovenous laser for thermal ablation of great saphenous vein (GSV) incompetence, without perivenous tumescence. Methods Thirty-four limbs of patients with CEAP clinical scores of 2 to 6 and bilateral incompetence of the saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) and GSV, confirmed by Echo-Doppler, underwent endovenous laser therapy and were followed for 1 year. Laser ablation was performed using a 600 µ bare optical fiber introduced endovenously close to the malleolus along the full extent of the GSV in an anterograde direction, using a standardized echo-Doppler-guided AND? 15 watt continuous mode 980 nm diode laser with real-time monitoring of thermal ablation of the whole target vein. Adverse effects and complications were recorded. Results Hyperesthesia, cellulitis, and fibrous cord, all transitory, developed in 2.9% of the 34 limbs treated; 8.8% developed hypoesthesia in the perimalleolar region, which was transitory and had no clinical consequences; there were no cases of deep venous thrombosis. Immediate occlusion was achieved in 100% of the 34 saphenous veins that underwent photocoagulation, although one exhibited recanalization without reflux at 1-month follow-up. After 6 months and 1 year, occlusion was 100% according to echo-Doppler findings. Conclusions Real-time echo-guided 980 nm endovenous laser ablation without perivenous tumescence provided controlled thermal ablation with safe, effective, immediate and medium-term GSV occlusion and can therefore be recommended as a method for the treatment of chronic venous disease.

Não há consenso na literatura médica sobre qual técnica é a ideal para aplicação do endolaser. Objetivos Avaliar a segurança e a eficácia do endolaser ecoguiado em tempo real para termoablação da veia safena magna (VSM) insuficiente, sem intumescência perivenosa. Métodos Trinta e quatro membros de pacientes em estágio clínico CEAP 2 a 6, com incompetência bilateral da junção safeno-femoral e da VSM, confirmada por eco-Doppler, foram submetidos à terapia por endolaser e acompanhados por um período de um ano. A aplicação foi feita por meio de fibra condutora de 600 µ, introduzida por via endovenosa, ao nível da região perimaleolar por toda VSM, sentido anterógrado, utilizando laser diodo com 15 w de potência e 980 nm de comprimento de onda, no modo contínuo, guiado por eco-Doppler, e forma padronizada para monitoração em tempo real da termoablação de toda a veia-alvo. Foram anotados os efeitos adversos e as complicações. Resultados Dos 34 membros tratados, 2,9% apresentaram hiperestesia, celulite e cordão fibroso, todos transitórios; em 8,8%, constatou-se hipoestesia perimaleolar, transitória e sem repercussão clínica; não houve relato de trombose venosa profunda. Das 34 safenas fotocoaguladas, houve 100% de oclusão imediata, uma recanalização sem refluxo no controle de um mês e 100% de oclusão após seis meses e um ano, mostrado pelo eco-Doppler. Conclusões Ablação utilizando endolaser 980 nm, ecoguiado em tempo real, sem intumescência perivenosa, promoveu fotocoagulação suficientemente controlada, com oclusão imediata e em médio prazo da VSM, de forma segura e eficaz, e configura-se como método terapêutico recomendável para o tratamento da doença venosa crônica.

Associação entre aplasia segmentar de veia safena magna e varizes em membros inferiores avaliada pelo ecocolor Doppler / Association between segmental aplasia of great saphenous vein and varicose veins of lower limbs, evaluated using color Doppler ultrasonography

Há diferenças individuais no diâmetro da veia safena magna (VSM) em membros normais e doentes; sendo possível a identificação dessas alterações pelo ecocolor Doppler.ObjetivoAvaliar a associação da aplasia segmentar da VSM com a presença de varizes e/ou insuficiência da mesma em membros inferiores, usando o ecocolor Doppler em pacientes com clínica de doença venosa crônica (DVC).Métodos1.408 pacientes com queixas compatíveis de DVC de membros inferiores, sendo 1.286 do sexo feminino, com idade entre 17 e 85 anos, examinados com ecocolor Doppler. Foram incluídos aqueles com classificação CEAP clínica C0 a C4. Pela avaliação clínica, a amostra foi distribuída em grupo A, pacientes com varizes, e grupo B, aqueles sem varizes. O ecocolor Doppler determinou se havia aplasia da VSM pela análise do seu trajeto no compartimento safeno e presença de veias varicosas nos diferentes sítios. Para estatística, foram considerados os testes Qui-quadrado ou Exato de Fisher e uma análise de resíduos em tabelas, com nível de significância de 5%.ResultadosNo grupo A houve 479 (83,9%) de VSM insuficientes, 169 (38,2%) com aplasia e 71 (80,7%) com insuficiência e aplasia associadas. No grupo B, houve 92 (16,1%) de VSM insuficientes, 273 (61,8%) com aplasia e 17 (19,3%) com insuficiência e aplasia associadas.ConclusãoA aplasia segmentar da VSM ocorre mais em membros inferiores que não apresentam varizes e/ou insuficiência da mesma, mas considerando-se a presença da associação de aplasia e insuficiência, houve maior incidência no grupo de membros que apresentavam varizes.

There are individual differences in the diameter of the great saphenous vein (GSV) in both normal and non-functional limbs and it is possible to identify these differences using color Doppler ultrasonography.ObjectivesTo assess the association between segmental GSV aplasia and the presence of varicose veins and/or GSV insufficiency in lower limbs using color Doppler ultrasonography, in patients with chronic venous disease (CVD).MethodsA total of 1,408 patients with complaints compatible with CVD of lower limbs were examined using color Doppler ultrasonography. The age range of the sample was from 17 to 85 and 1,286 of the patients were female. People with clinical classifications (CEAP) ranging from C0 to C4 were included. On the basis of clinical examination, the sample was subdivided as follows: group A patients had varicose veins and group B patients were free from varicose veins. Color Doppler ultrasonography was used to determine whether there was GSV aplasia, by analysis of its route into the saphenous compartment, and the presence of varicose veins in different sites. Statistical analysis was conducted using the chi-square test or Fisher’s exact tests followed by an analysis of residuals in tables, with a 5% significance level.ResultsIn group A, there were 479 (83.9%) patients with GSV insufficiency, 169 (38.2%) with aplasia and 71 (80.7%) with both insufficiency and aplasia. In group B, there were 92 (16.1%) patients with GSV insufficiency, 273 (61.8%) with aplasia and 17 (19.3%) with both insufficiency and aplasia.ConclusionSegmental GSV aplasia was more common in lower limbs with no varicose veins and/or insufficiency, but there was a higher incidence of patients with both aplasia and insufficiency in the group with varicose veins.

Influence of prevalent occupational position during working day on occupational lower limb edema / Influência da postura prevalente de trabalho no edema ocupacional dos membros inferiores

BACKGROUND: The lower limb edema observed in normal people at the end of their working days can vary in intensity and frequency depending on the predominant working positions required to perform different jobs. OBJECTIVES: To compare lower limb volumes of volunteers allocated to three study groups, depending on the predominant positions in which they work. METHODS: Volumetric assessments were conducted of both lower limbs of 51 people free from vascular disease, allocated to three groups of 17 individuals each by predominant working position: sitting, static standing or alternating between the two. Volumes were measured at the start and at the end of the working day and the differences in volumes were calculated for each group. Means and frequencies were compared using appropriate inferential statistics and correlation coefficients were calculated. RESULTS: The groups were homogenous in terms of sex distribution, age, skin color and BMI. The volumetric data from measurements taken before starting work revealed significant differences between all three groups. Volunteers who predominantly worked sitting down had largest volumes, followed by those who remained standing for long periods and then those who varied between these positions. The frequency of lower limb volume increase > 100 mL was significantly higher in the group of people who worked sitting down and maintained this position for long periods. CONCLUSIONS: Postural edema is more common among people who work sitting down for long periods, among whom it appears that there is a cumulative effect from the position, since they exhibit larger lower limb volumes at the start of the day.

CONTEXTO: O edema de membros inferiores (MMII) de indivíduos normais, que se observa ao final da jornada de trabalho, pode ser mais intenso e frequente conforme a postura laboral prevalente no exercício da profissão. OBJETIVOS: Comparar os volumes dos MMII de indivíduos alocados em três grupos, conforme a postura laboral prevalente adotada ao longo do dia trabalho.MÉTODOS: Realizadas avaliações volumétricas de ambos os MMII de 51 indivíduos sem doença vascular, que foram alocados em três grupos de 17 indivíduos, considerando a postura prevalente: sentada, ortostática estática e alternada. As volumetrias foram realizadas no início e no término do dia trabalhado, e calculou-se a diferença dos volumes aferidos em cada grupo. Foram utilizadas as estatísticas inferenciais adequadas para comparações de médias e de frequências, e para determinação de coeficientes de correlação.RESULTADOS: Os grupos se mostraram homogêneos em relação a gênero, idade, grupo étnico e IMC. Dados das volumetrias realizadas no início do dia revelaram diferenças significativas entre os três grupos, indicando maiores volumes em indivíduos que trabalham predominantemente sentados, seguidos daqueles que trabalham em pé e dos que alternam essas posições. A frequência de MMII com aumento de volume > 100 mL foi significativamente maior no grupo dos que trabalham sentados, adotando essa posição por longo tempo.CONCLUSÕES: O edema postural é mais frequente naqueles que trabalham sentados por longo tempo, nos quais parece ocorrer, inclusive, efeito cumulativo dessa postura, já que apresentam volumes significativamente maiores já ao início do dia.

Polidocanol versus hypertonic glucose for sclerotherapy treatment of reticular veins of the lower limbs: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of chronic venous disease is high and occurs more frequently in females. According to the clinical, etiological, anatomical, and pathological classification (CEAP) definition, the reticular veins are included in the C1 class and are mainly associated with aesthetic complaints. Several invasive techniques are used for treatment, including mini phlebectomy, laser ablation, and radiofrequency ablation. However, a wide range of sclerosing agents may serve as minimally invasive alternatives, promoting chemical sclerosis of the vein wall. Although this technique is routinely performed around the world, there is no consensus on the most efficacious and safe chemical agent to be used. METHODS/DESIGN: Inclusion criteria are women between 18 and 69 years old with at least 10 cm long reticular veins in the lower limbs, on the outer side of the leg/thigh. Patients with CEAP 2 to 6, or with allergies, pregnancy, performing breastfeeding, or with any dermatologic or clinical problems will be excluded. Patients with venous ultrasound mapping showing involvement of saphenous trunks and/or a deep venous system will also be excluded. Patients will be randomized into two groups, one receiving 75% pure glucose and the other group receiving 0.2% polidocanol diluted in 70% glucose. Just one limb and one session per patient will be performed. The sclerosing agent volume will not exceed 5 mL. Clinical follow-up will include visits on days 7 and 60, always with photographic documentation. DISCUSSION: This project aims to enroll 96 patients and subject them to a double-blind treatment after the randomization process. The design is intended to evaluate efficacy through a primary end point and safety through a secondary end point. Forty-eight patients have currently been enrolled. Preliminary results for these patients showed that 25 received treatment, 2 were excluded, and 22 returned after 7 days and showed no greater adverse events. To date, establishing efficacy criteria has not been possible, and no patients have reached the 60-day return point. These data may help doctors choose the best chemical agent for the treatment of reticular veins. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02054325, 3/02/2014.

[Enophthalmos secondary to an orbital varix]. / Enoftalmos unilateral por várice orbitaria.

The enophthalmos is a rare cause of consultation in medical practice. The majority of cases are due to orbital space enlargement of traumatic origin. We report the case of a 63 year old patient with progressive enophthalmos of the left eye, with twelve years of evolution. Ophthalmologic examination revealed the presence of a marked enophthalmos on the left side, which improved significantly with Valsalva maneuvers. A CT scan and an MRI of the orbit allowed diagnosing uncomplicated orbital varices. Orbital varices are rare and usually manifest by episodes of intermittent exophthalmos. However, on rare occasions, repeated distension and collapse can lead to progressive enophthalmos by orbital fat atrophy.

Enoftalmos unilateral por várice orbitaria / Enophthalmos secondary to an orbital varix

El enoftalmos es un motivo de consulta poco frecuente en la práctica médica. La mayor parte de los casos se debe a un aumento de la cavidad ósea orbitaria de origen traumático. Presentamos el caso de una mujer de 63 años que consultó por enoftalmos progresivo de su ojo izquierdo, de doce años de evolución. El examen oftalmológico reveló la presencia de un marcado enoftalmos del lado izquierdo, que mejoraba notablemente con maniobras de Valsalva. Una tomografía computarizada y una resonancia magnética de la órbita permitieron diagnosticar una várice orbitaria no complicada. Las várices orbitarias son infrecuentes y por lo general se manifiestan por episodios de exoftalmos intermitente. Sin embargo, en raras ocasiones, la distensión y colapso repetidos pueden llevar a un enoftalmos progresivo por atrofia de la grasa orbitaria.

The enophthalmos is a rare cause of consultation in medical practice. The majority of cases are due to orbital space enlargement of traumatic origin.We report the case of a 63 year old patient with progressive enophthalmos of the left eye, with twelve years of evolution. Ophthalmologic examination revealed the presence of a marked enophthalmos on the left side, which improved significantly with Valsalva maneuvers. A CT scan and an MRI of the orbit allowed diagnosing uncomplicated orbital varices. Orbital varices are rare and usually manifest by episodes of intermittent exophthalmos. However, on rare occasions, repeated distension and collapse can lead to progressive enophthalmos by orbital fat atrophy.

Varizes do nervo ciático são uma doença pouco conhecida? / Nerve varices a little known disease?

Objetivo: Relatar nossa experiência com varizes do nervo ciático e indicar que tipo de paciente é mais provável de ser acometido por essa patologia. Método: A amostra foi constituída de 2.400 pacientes, selecionando-se 80 deles (3,3%) como possíveis portadores de varizes do nervo ciático. Foram considerados pacientes suspeitos: pacientes portadores de varizes na face lateral da perna, coxa e oco poplíteo; pacientes com recidiva anárquica de varizes após safenectomia; pacientes com sintomas e exames positivos para varizes pélvicas; pacientes com história prévia de trombose venosa profunda; pacientes com queixas de dores ciáticas e aumento do diâmetro de um membro com relação ao outro. Esses pacientes foram submetidos a exames detalhados e rigorosos do losango poplíteo com objetivo de identificar varizes dentro da bainha do nervo ciático e na face lateral da perna. Desses, 10 foram submetidos à angiografia venosa para detalhar a relação anatômica com o nervo ciático. Resultados: De 80 pacientes previamente selecionados, encontramos 21 (26,3%) casos positivos para varizes do nervo ciático ao exame ecográfico. Dez pacientes tinham varizes do nervo ciático associadas a recidiva anárquica de varizes após safenectomia e outros 10 associadas a varizes pélvicas. A dor ciática esteve presente em 100% dos pacientes positivos para VNC. Conclusão: Varizes do nervo ciático são pouco conhecidas pela medicina. Se o médico fizer uma seleção prévia conforme descrito em ?pacientes e métodos? e concentrar-se no exame ecográfico do losango poplíteo e face lateral da perna, irá se surpreender com o elevado número de casos de varizes do nervo ciático que diagnosticará.

Objective: To report our experience with patients with sciatic nerve varices (SNV) and to indicate which type of patient is more likely to be afflicted with this particular pathology. Method: The sample consisted of 2,400 patients, selecting 80 (3.3%) as possible sufferers of SNV. Patients with the following conditions were highly suspected: patients with varices on the lateral aspect of the leg, the thigh, and oco politeo; patients with uncontrolled variceal recurrence after a safenectomy; patients with symptoms of and who tested positive for pelvic varices; patients with a history of deep vein thrombosis; and patients complaining of sciatic pain along with an increase in the diameter of one limb in relation to the other. These patients underwent detailed and rigorous examination of the ?losango popliteo? with the objective of identifying varices inside the sheath of the sciatic nerve and on the lateral aspect of the leg. Of these, 10 underwent venous angiography to detail the anatomical relationship with the sciatic nerve. Results: Of the 80 patients previously selected, we found 21 (26.3%) cases that were positive for SNV through ultrasound. Ten patients had SNV associated with uncontrolled variceal recurrence after safenectomy, while the other 10 were associated with pelvic varices. Sciatic pain was present in 100% of the patients who tested positive for SNV. Conclusion: SNV are not well known in Medicine. If the doctor makes a examination as described in the ?patients and methods? section and concentrates on the ultrasound scan of the ?diamond popliteal? and lateral aspect of the leg, he or she will be surprised by the high number of cases of SNV that will be diagnosed.

Síndrome de congestión pelvica. Aspectos generales: clinica, diagnóstico y terapuetica: revisión sistemática de la literatura / Pelvic congestion syndrome. General aspects: clinic, diagnosis

Introducción. El síndrome de congestión pélvica es una queja ginecológica frecuentemente pasada por alto; se caracteriza por la presencia de dolor pélvico persistente, sordo, ubicado por lo general en uno de los puntos ováricos. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de literatura con el objetivo de describir las características generales del síndrome de congestión pélvica en cuanto a presentación clínica, métodos diagnósticos y abordaje terapéutico, en las bases de dato de libre acceso por medio del sistema de información de la Biblioteca Jorge Roa Martínez de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, OVID, PROQUEST, SCIENCEDIRECT, COCHRANE y BIREME), por medio de palabras clave y búsqueda en cadena. Se aplicaron escalas de evaluación de calidad a los diferentes tipos de artículos. Resultados. Se seleccionaron un total de 25 artículos sin discriminación por tipo de los cuales se extrajeron los aspectos de interés para la revisión. Discusión. Existe uniformidad en diferentes aspectos sobre el síndrome de congestión pélvica, sin embargo es necesario plantear nuevos estudios que permitan establecer los riesgos relativos de diferentes factores de riesgo y la evaluación pronostica de los diferentes abordajes a las pacientes de esta importante patología. Palabras clave: Dolor pélvico crónico, venas varicosas.

Introduction. Pelvic congestion syndrome, is a commonly overlooked gynecological complaint; it is characterized by the presence of persistent, dull, pelvic pain, usually located in one of the ovaric points. Methods. A literature review was made with the objective to describe the main characteristics of the pelvic congestion syndrome, regarding clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic approach, using open access data bases, through the information system of the library of “Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira” (MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, OVID, PROQUEST, SCIENCEDIRECT, COCHRANE and BIREME), using keywords and chain search. Quality evaluation scores were applied to the different articles. Results. A total of 25 articles were selected, without any type-discrimination, and the relevant aspects for this review were extracted. Discussion. There is uniformity in different aspects regarding pelvic congestion syndrome; however, it´s necessary to design new studies that allow to determine the relative risks of different risk factors, and the prognostic evaluation of the several approaches to the patient with this important syndrome.

Síndrome de congestión pelvica. Aspectos generales: clinica, diagnóstico y terapuetica: revisión sistemática de la literatura / Pelvic congestion syndrome. General aspects: clinic, diagnosis

Introducción. El síndrome de congestión pélvica es una queja ginecológica frecuentemente pasada por alto; se caracteriza por la presencia de dolor pélvico persistente, sordo, ubicado por lo general en uno de los puntos ováricos. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de literatura con el objetivo de describir las características generales del síndrome de congestión pélvica en cuanto a presentación clínica, métodos diagnósticos y abordaje terapéutico, en las bases de dato de libre acceso por medio del sistema de información de la Biblioteca Jorge Roa Martínez de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira (MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, OVID, PROQUEST, SCIENCEDIRECT, COCHRANE y BIREME), por medio de palabras clave y búsqueda en cadena. Se aplicaron escalas de evaluación de calidad a los diferentes tipos de artículos. Resultados. Se seleccionaron un total de 25 artículos sin discriminación por tipo de los cuales se extrajeron los aspectos de interés para la revisión. Discusión. Existe uniformidad en diferentes aspectos sobre el síndrome de congestión pélvica, sin embargo es necesario plantear nuevos estudios que permitan establecer los riesgos relativos de diferentes factores de riesgo y la evaluación pronostica de los diferentes abordajes a las pacientes de esta importante patología. Palabras clave: Dolor pélvico crónico, venas varicosas. (AU)

Introduction. Pelvic congestion syndrome, is a commonly overlooked gynecological complaint; it is characterized by the presence of persistent, dull, pelvic pain, usually located in one of the ovaric points. Methods. A literature review was made with the objective to describe the main characteristics of the pelvic congestion syndrome, regarding clinical presentation, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic approach, using open access data bases, through the information system of the library of ôUniversidad Tecnológica de Pereiraö (MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, OVID, PROQUEST, SCIENCEDIRECT, COCHRANE and BIREME), using keywords and chain search. Quality evaluation scores were applied to the different articles. Results. A total of 25 articles were selected, without any type-discrimination, and the relevant aspects for this review were extracted. Discussion. There is uniformity in different aspects regarding pelvic congestion syndrome; however, it´s necessary to design new studies that allow to determine the relative risks of different risk factors, and the prognostic evaluation of the several approaches to the patient with this important syndrome. (AU)