ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Modified multivisceral transplantation (MMVTx) refers to the use of a graft that includes all abdominal organs except the liver. The use of this type of transplant in children and adults expanded over the last years with good results. However, long-term survival in experimental models has not been reported. Our aim is to describe in detail some technical modifications of MMVTx to obtain long-term survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Syngeneic (Lewis-Lewis) heterotopic MMVTx was performed in 16 male rats (180-250 g). All procedures were performed under isoflurane anesthesia. The graft consisted of stomach, duodenopancreatic axis, spleen, and small bowel. The vascular pedicle consisted of a conduit of aorta, including the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery (SMA), and the portal vein (PV). The engraftment was performed by end-to-side anastomosis to the infra-renal cava vein and aorta. After reperfusion, the graft was accommodated in the right side of the abdomen, and a terminal ileostomy performed. The native spleen was removed. RESULTS: Donor and recipient time was 39 ± 4.4 minutes and 69 ± 7 minutes, respectively; venous and arterial anastomosis time was 14 ± 1 minutes and 12.3 ± 1 minutes, respectively. Total ischemia time was 77.2 ± 7.9 minutes. Survival was 75% (12/16), six were sacrificed after 2 hours, and six were kept alive for long-term evaluation (more than 1 week). CONCLUSION: Long-term survival is reported after heterotopic MMVTx in rats. The heterotopic MMVTx with native spleen removal would potentially improve the existent models for transplant research. The usefulness of this model warrants further confirmation in allogeneic experiments.
Subject(s)
Intestine, Small/transplantation , Pancreas Transplantation/methods , Spleen/transplantation , Stomach/transplantation , Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation/methods , Animals , Male , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Pancreas Transplantation/mortality , Rats , Rats, Inbred Lew , Survival Rate , Transplantation, Heterotopic , Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation/mortalityABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Ten years after the first face transplantation, the available data in peer-reviewed literature, various media outlets, and recent specialty meetings and courses are conflicting and inconsistently reported. The purpose of this study was to consolidate the available data by means of multiple sources to reflect an accurate and current state of facial vascularized composite allotransplantation as of December of 2015. METHODS: Using applied search terms pertaining to face transplantation, a systematic PubMed search, Google search, and review of Plastic Surgery Education Network News Connection e-mailed newsletters were performed, and data presented at three meetings (i.e., the most recent American Society of Reconstructive Transplantation biennial meeting, the American Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery annual meeting, and the biennial AO North America State of the Art: Face Reconstruction and Transplantation course) were consolidated to capture the most contemporary and accurate data in face transplantation. RESULTS: A total of 37 face transplants have been performed (20 partial and 17 full face) from 2005 to December of 2015. A discrepancy between actual transplantations performed and peer-reviewed reports exists at multiple time points, with a propensity for underreporting. Ten cases were described through media outlets but were not reported by the surgical teams in peer-reviewed literature. Two clinical cases were not described in peer-reviewed literature or media. There have been a total of five deaths, and posttransplant malignancy and revision surgery have been underreported. CONCLUSIONS: This serves as the most contemporary and all-inclusive face transplantation review. There is a critical need for timely reporting and outcome transparency in the reconstructive transplant community. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic, V.
