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1.
Res Aging ; 40(3): 281-302, 2018 03.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29298597

ABSTRACT

Data from the Health and Retirement Study ( n = 6,946) were used to test whether differences in estate planning accounted for disparities in advance care planning between White and Black older adults. White participants were more likely to have advance directives after controlling for demographic, health, and financial variables. When estate planning was also controlled, the odds of having an advance directive were equal for White and Black participants. In contrast, Whites remained more likely to discuss end-of-life preferences after controlling for demographic, health, financial, and estate planning variables. White participants were almost four times as likely to have wills or trusts. Wealth, income, and home ownership were predictive of estate planning. Financial disparities contributed to lower rates of estate planning which in turn explained in large part why Black older adults were less likely to have advance directives but did not account for race disparities in advance care discussion.


Subject(s)
Advance Care Planning/statistics & numerical data , Economic Status , Wills/ethnology , Black or African American/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Female , Healthcare Disparities , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Surveys and Questionnaires , White People/statistics & numerical data
3.
Econ Hist Rev ; 65(1): 194-219, 2012.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22329064

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the development of early modern Ottoman consumer culture. In particular, the democratization of consumption, which is a significant indicator of the development of western consumer cultures, is examined in relation to Ottoman society. Sixteenth- and seventeenth-century probate inventories of the town of Bursa combined with literary and official sources are used in order to identify democratization of consumption and the macro conditions shaping this development. Findings demonstrate that commercialization, international trade, urbanization which created a fluid social structure, and the ability of the state to negotiate with guilds were possible contextual specificities which encouraged the democratization of consumption in the Bursa context.


Subject(s)
Cultural Characteristics , Household Articles , Income , Life Style , Residence Characteristics , Social Class , Wills , Commerce/economics , Commerce/education , Commerce/history , Cultural Characteristics/history , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , Household Articles/economics , Household Articles/history , Household Work/economics , Household Work/history , Income/history , Internationality/history , Internationality/legislation & jurisprudence , Life Style/ethnology , Life Style/history , Ottoman Empire/ethnology , Residence Characteristics/history , Social Class/history , Wills/economics , Wills/ethnology , Wills/history , Wills/legislation & jurisprudence , Wills/psychology
4.
J Fam Hist ; 36(3): 263-85, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21898962

ABSTRACT

During the last part of the nineteenth century, Finnmark province and the northern part of Troms experienced a decline in intergenerational coresidence. This article discusses what impact ethnic affiliation and economic activity had on the living arrangements of the elderly, and what contributed to the change. Logistic regression shows that ethnicity played a role but its effect disappears after controlling for economic activity. Intergenerational coresidence was positively associated with being a married Sámi male with an occupation in farming or combined fishing and farming. As such a person grew older, he was increasingly likely to live separately from an own adult child. This pattern changed toward the end of nineteenth century. By the close of the century, ethnic differences had disappeared, and headship position, irrespective of marital status, was strongly related to coresidence.


Subject(s)
Censuses , Ethnicity , Housing for the Elderly , Intergenerational Relations , Residence Characteristics , Socioeconomic Factors , Activities of Daily Living/psychology , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Censuses/history , Ethnicity/education , Ethnicity/ethnology , Ethnicity/history , Ethnicity/legislation & jurisprudence , Ethnicity/psychology , History, 19th Century , Household Work/economics , Household Work/history , Housing for the Elderly/economics , Housing for the Elderly/history , Housing for the Elderly/legislation & jurisprudence , Humans , Intergenerational Relations/ethnology , Life Style/ethnology , Life Style/history , Norway/ethnology , Residence Characteristics/history , Socioeconomic Factors/history , Wills/economics , Wills/ethnology , Wills/history , Wills/legislation & jurisprudence , Wills/psychology
5.
J Law Soc ; 38(2): 245-71, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21913363

ABSTRACT

This paper reports on the findings from a large-scale study of public attitudes to inheritance law, particularly the rules on intestacy. It argues that far from the assumption that the family' is in terminal decline, people in England and Wales still view their most important relationships, at least for the purposes of inheritance law, as centred on a narrow, nuclear family model. However, there is also widespread acceptance of re-partnering and cohabitation, producing generally high levels of support for including cohabitants in the intestacy rules and for ensuring that children from former relationships are protected. We argue that these views are underpinned by a continuing sense of responsibility to the members of one's nuclear family, arising from notions of sharing and commitment, dependency and support, and a sense of lineage.


Subject(s)
Cultural Characteristics , Family Relations , Nuclear Family , Social Change , Social Responsibility , Wills , Cultural Characteristics/history , England/ethnology , Expressed Emotion , Family/ethnology , Family/history , Family/psychology , Family Relations/ethnology , Family Relations/legislation & jurisprudence , History, 18th Century , History, 19th Century , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Nuclear Family/ethnology , Nuclear Family/history , Nuclear Family/psychology , Social Change/history , Social Values/ethnology , Social Values/history , Wales/ethnology , Wills/economics , Wills/ethnology , Wills/history , Wills/legislation & jurisprudence , Wills/psychology
7.
Womens Hist Rev ; 20(2): 265-81, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21751479

ABSTRACT

This article considers rural women's place on the land in south-central New York during the first half of the twentieth century. Based on a community history and ethnographic study conducted during the 1980s, the article draws on women's oral narratives to explore the connections between women's sense of agency and their relationship to the land through descent and inheritance, marriage into a landowning family, founding a farm in partnership, and the experience of dispossession.


Subject(s)
Agriculture , Ownership , Rural Population , Wills , Women's Rights , Women, Working , Agriculture/economics , Agriculture/education , Agriculture/history , Agriculture/legislation & jurisprudence , Anthropology, Cultural/education , Anthropology, Cultural/history , History, 20th Century , Income/history , Interviews as Topic , Marital Status/ethnology , New York/ethnology , Ownership/economics , Ownership/history , Ownership/legislation & jurisprudence , Rural Health/history , Rural Population/history , Wills/economics , Wills/ethnology , Wills/history , Wills/legislation & jurisprudence , Wills/psychology , Women's Health/ethnology , Women's Health/history , Women's Rights/economics , Women's Rights/education , Women's Rights/history , Women's Rights/legislation & jurisprudence , Women, Working/education , Women, Working/history , Women, Working/legislation & jurisprudence , Women, Working/psychology
8.
Womens Hist Rev ; 20(1): 31-46, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21299009

ABSTRACT

This article analyses three areas that limited the effectiveness of the English Legitimacy Act of 1926. First, re-registration was public, expensive, and time-consuming. Second, the Treasury Office used the change in the law of intestacy to refuse more distant relatives' claims on estates. Third, the law separated legitimacy from nationality, thus denying citizenship to legitimated children born abroad of British fathers and foreign mothers. In short, both because of parliamentary oversights and civil servants' narrow interpretations of the law, relatively few children took advantage of the Act, and the minority who did, rather than being 'illegitimate' or 'legitimate', were a third category, the 'legitimated'.


Subject(s)
Family Relations , Family , Legislation as Topic , Wills , Family/ethnology , Family/history , Family/psychology , Family Characteristics/ethnology , Family Characteristics/history , Family Relations/ethnology , Family Relations/legislation & jurisprudence , History, 20th Century , Humans , Legislation as Topic/economics , Legislation as Topic/history , Parenting/ethnology , Parenting/history , Parenting/psychology , United Kingdom/ethnology , Wills/economics , Wills/ethnology , Wills/history , Wills/legislation & jurisprudence , Wills/psychology
9.
J Dev Stud ; 47(1): 1-30, 2011.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21280416

ABSTRACT

This paper evaluates effects of community-level women's property and inheritance rights on women's economic outcomes using a 13 year longitudinal panel from rural Tanzania. In the preferred model specification, inverse probability weighting is applied to a woman-level fixed effects model to control for individual-level time invariant heterogeneity and attrition. Results indicate that changes in women's property and inheritance rights are significantly associated with women's employment outside the home, self-employment and earnings. Results are not limited to sub-groups of marginalised women. Findings indicate lack of gender equity in sub-Saharan Africa may inhibit economic development for women and society as a whole.


Subject(s)
Government , Public Assistance , Wills , Women's Health , Women's Rights , Government/history , History, 20th Century , History, 21st Century , Public Assistance/economics , Public Assistance/history , Public Assistance/legislation & jurisprudence , Public Policy/economics , Public Policy/history , Public Policy/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Welfare/economics , Social Welfare/ethnology , Social Welfare/history , Social Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence , Social Welfare/psychology , Tanzania/ethnology , Wills/economics , Wills/ethnology , Wills/history , Wills/legislation & jurisprudence , Wills/psychology , Women/education , Women/history , Women/psychology , Women's Health/ethnology , Women's Health/history , Women's Rights/economics , Women's Rights/education , Women's Rights/history , Women's Rights/legislation & jurisprudence
10.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A ; 108(6): 2200-4, 2011 Feb 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21262826

ABSTRACT

Intergenerational transfer of wealth has been proposed as playing a pivotal role in the evolution of human sibling relationships. Sibling rivalry is assumed to be more marked when offspring compete for limited heritable resources, which are crucial for reproductive success (e.g., land and livestock); whereas in the absence of heritable wealth, related siblings may cooperate. To date, comparative studies undertaken to support this evolutionary assumption have been confounded by other socioecological factors, which vary across populations, e.g., food sharing and intergroup conflict. In this article we explore effects of sibling competition and cooperation for agricultural resources, marriage, and reproduction in one contemporary Ethiopian agropastoralist society. Here recent changes in land tenure policy, altering transfers of land from parents to offspring, present a unique framework to test the importance of intergenerational transfers of wealth in driving sibling competition, while controlling for socioeconomic biases. In households where land is inherited, the number of elder brothers reduces a man's agricultural productivity, marriage, and reproductive success, as resources diminish and competition increases with each additional sibling. Where land is not inherited (for males receiving land directly from the government and all females) older siblings do not have a competitive effect and in some instances may be beneficial. This study has wider implications for the evolution of human family sizes. Recent changes in wealth transfers, which have driven sibling competition, may be contributing to an increased desire for smaller family sizes.


Subject(s)
Agriculture , Marriage/ethnology , Reproduction , Rural Population , Siblings/ethnology , Wills/ethnology , Ethiopia/ethnology , Female , Humans , Male
11.
J Fam Hist ; 34(2): 143-65, 2009 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19618554

ABSTRACT

This article examines the nature of emotional exchange among the siblings who were the children of William the Silent, leader of the nascent Dutch Republic. Using evidence from extensive familial correspondence, it asks how the language of emotions could constitute forms of power within the family, by analyzing how actions and expressions of emotion were presented, discussed, and interpreted in epistolary form, to whom, and with what intention and impact. The article studies social, geographic, linguistic, and other distinctions between siblings in their use of affective discourses in correspondence and argues that attention to affective language can help to elucidate the agentive force of emotions in both reflecting and informing notions of power within the family.


Subject(s)
Correspondence as Topic , Emotions , Gender Identity , Language , Power, Psychological , Religion , Sibling Relations , Social Class , Anthropology, Cultural/education , Anthropology, Cultural/history , Correspondence as Topic/history , Emotions/physiology , Europe/ethnology , Family Characteristics/ethnology , Family Health/ethnology , Family Relations/ethnology , Family Relations/legislation & jurisprudence , History, 16th Century , History, 17th Century , Religion/history , Sibling Relations/ethnology , Siblings/ethnology , Siblings/psychology , Social Behavior , Social Conditions/economics , Social Conditions/history , Wills/economics , Wills/ethnology , Wills/history , Wills/psychology
12.
Homme (Vienna Aust) ; 13(1): 7-28, 2002.
Article in German | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19504775
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