Diseño de la asignatura Obstetricia y Ginecología basada en la formación de competencias / Design of the Obstetrics and Gynecology subject based on competency training

Introducción: La sociedad contemporánea reclama la presencia de personas competentes, con la recursividad necesaria para acometer de manera innovadora las funciones y tareas para las que han sido preparadas desde el punto de vista teórico. Solo que esta preparación, como eslabón aislado, no garantiza la generación de sujetos competentes. La calidad de los servicios de salud se mide por el nivel de competencia de sus trabajadores. Dentro de los aspectos generales del sistema de educación superior, se mantiene que estos estarán en continuo perfeccionamiento. Es necesario diseñar estrategias didácticas en la asignatura Obstetricia y Ginecología para la formación basada en competencias para el desempeño. Objetivo: Diseñar los procesos didácticos para la formación de competencias en Obstetricia y Ginecología. Posicionamiento del autor: Se necesita diseñar estrategias didácticas en la asignatura de Obstetricia y Ginecología para la formación basada en competencias para el desempeño, para lo cual se realizó un análisis documental, histórico-lógico, de los programas de estudios de la asignatura de Obstetricia y Ginecología, previo a 2010, para proponer las transformaciones pertinentes en los procesos didácticos de la asignatura. Conclusiones: Los resultados mostraron las transformaciones realizadas al programa de la asignatura desde 2010 hasta 2020. El diseño estuvo basado en el modelo por competencias para el desempeño, por la necesidad de incrementar la calidad de los servicios de salud, a partir de los principios de la educación médica cubana como parte del sistema nacional de salud(AU)

Introduction: The contemporary society demands the presence of competent people, with the necessary resources to undertake, in an innovative way, the functions and tasks for which they have been trained from the theoretical point of view. However, this preparation, as an isolated link, does not guarantee the generation of competent individuals. The quality of health services is measured by the level of competence of workers. The general aspects of the higher education system maintain that workers will continuously improve professionally. It is necessary to design didactic strategies for the Obstetrics and Gynecology subject aimed at training based on performance competencies. Objective: To design the didactic processes for the formation of competencies in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Author's stand: It is necessary to design didactic strategies for the Obstetrics and Gynecology subject in view of training based on performance competencies, for which a documentary and historical-logical analysis of its syllabus was carried, prior to 2010, in order to propose the relevant transformations in the didactic processes of the subject. Conclusions: The results showed the transformations made to the syllabus of the subject from 2010 to 2020. The design was based on the performance competency model, due to the need to increase the quality of health services, based on the principles of Cuban medical education as part of the national health system(AU)

Using data envelopment analysis to perform benchmarking in intensive care units.

BACKGROUND: Studies using Data Envelopment Analysis to benchmark Intensive Care Units (ICUs) are scarce. Previous studies have focused on comparing efficiency using only performance metrics, without accounting for resources. Hence, we aimed to perform a benchmarking analysis of ICUs using data envelopment analysis. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis on observational data of patients admitted to ICUs in Brazil (ORCHESTRA Study). The outputs in our data envelopment analysis model were the performance metrics: Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) and Standardized Resource Use (SRU); whereas the inputs consisted of three groups of variables that represented staffing patterns, structure, and strain, thus resulting in three models. We compared efficient and non-efficient units for each model. In addition, we compared our results to the efficiency matrix method and presented targets to each non-efficient unit. RESULTS: We performed benchmarking in 93 ICUs and 129,680 patients. The median age was 64 years old, and mortality was 12%. Median SMR was 1.00 [interquartile range (IQR): 0.79-1.21] and SRU was 1.15 [IQR: 0.95-1.56]. Efficient units presented lower median physicians per bed ratio (1.44 [IQR: 1.18-1.88] vs. 1.7 [IQR: 1.36-2.00]) and nursing workload (168 hours [IQR: 168-291] vs 396 hours [IQR: 336-672]) but higher nurses per bed ratio (2.02 [1.16-2.48] vs. 1.71 [1.43-2.36]) compared to non-efficient units. Units from for-profit hospitals and specialized ICUs presented the best efficiency scores. Our results were mostly in line with the efficiency matrix method: the efficiency units in our models were mostly in the "most efficient" quadrant. CONCLUSION: Data envelopment analysis provides managers the information needed to identify not only the outcomes to be achieved but what are the levels of resources needed to provide efficient care. Different perspectives can be achieved depending on the chosen variables. Its use jointly with the efficiency matrix can provide deeper understanding of ICU performance and efficiency.

Global structures and local network mechanisms of knowledge-flow networks.

Understanding the patterns and underlying mechanisms that come into play when employees exchange their knowledge is crucial for their work performance and professional development. Although much is known about the relationship between certain global network properties of knowledge-flow networks and work performance, less is known about the emergence of specific global network structures of knowledge flow. The paper therefore aims to identify a global network structure in blockmodel terms within an empirical knowledge-flow network and discuss whether the selected local network mechanisms are able to drive the network towards the chosen global network structure. Existing studies of knowledge-flow networks are relied on to determine the local network mechanisms. Agent-based modelling shows the selected local network mechanisms are able to drive the network towards the assumed hierarchical global structure.

Pediatric emergency department utilisation during Ramadan: a retrospective cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the impact of Ramadan on patient characteristics, diagnoses and metrics in the paediatric emergency department (PED). DESIGN: Retrospective cross-sectional study. SETTING: PED of a tertiary care centre in Lebanon. PATIENTS: All paediatric patients. EXPOSURE: Ramadan (June 2016 and 2017) versus the months before and after Ramadan (non-Ramadan). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Patient and illness characteristics and PED metrics including peak patient load; presentation timings; length of stay; and times to order tests, receive samples and report results. RESULTS: We included 5711 patients with mean age of 6.1±5.3 years and 55.4% males. The number of daily visits was 28.3±6.5 during Ramadan versus 31.5±7.3 during non-Ramadan (p=0.004). The peak time of visits ranged from 18:00 to 22:00 during non-Ramadan versus from 22:00 to 02:00 during Ramadan. During Ramadan, there were significantly more gastrointestinal (GI) and trauma-related complaints (39.0% vs 35.4%, p=0.01 and 2.9% vs 1.8%, p=0.005). The Ramadan group had faster work efficiency measures such as times to order tests (21.1±21.3 vs 24.3±28.1 min, p<0.0001) and to collect samples (50.7±44.5 vs 54.8±42.6 min, p=0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Ramadan changes presentation patterns, with fewer daily visits and a later peak time of visits. Ramadan also affects illness presentation patterns with more GI and trauma cases. Fasting times during Ramadan did not affect staff work efficiency. These findings could help EDs structure their staffing to optimise resource allocation during Ramadan.

A global real-world assessment of the impact on health-related quality of life and work productivity of migraine in patients with insufficient versus good response to triptan medication.

BACKGROUND: Migraine is a chronic, disabling neurological disease characterized by moderate-to-severe headache pain with other symptoms, including nausea, vomiting, and photophobia. Triptans, while generally effective, are insufficiently efficacious in 30-40% of patients and poorly tolerated by or contraindicated in others. We assessed the impact of insufficient response to triptans on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and work productivity in patients currently receiving any prescribed triptan formulation as their only acute migraine medication. METHODS: Data were from the 2017 Adelphi Migraine Disease Specific Programme, a cross-sectional survey of primary care physicians, neurologists, and headache specialists and their consulting patients with migraine in the USA, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and UK. Triptan insufficient responders (TIRs) achieved freedom from headache pain within 2 h of acute treatment in ≤3/5 migraine attacks; triptan responders (TRs) achieved pain freedom within 2 h in ≥4/5 attacks. Multivariable general linear model examined differences between TIRs and TRs in HRQoL and work productivity. Logistic regression identified factors associated with insufficient response to triptans. RESULTS: The study included 1413 triptan-treated patients (TIRs: n = 483, 34.2%; TRs: n = 930, 65.8%). TIRs were more likely to be female (76% vs. 70% for TIRs vs TRs, respectively; p = 0.011), older (mean age 42.6 vs. 40.5 years; p = 0.003), and had more headache days/month (7.0 vs. 4.4; p < 0.001). TIRs had significantly more disability, with higher Migraine Disability Scores (MIDAS; 13.2 vs. 7.7; p < 0.001), lower Migraine-specific Quality of Life scores, indicating greater impact (Role Function Restrictive: 62.4 vs. 74.5; Role Function Preventive: 70.0 vs. 82.2; Emotional Function: 67.7 vs. 82.1; all p < 0.001), and lower EQ5D utility scores (0.84 vs. 0.91; p = 0.001). Work productivity and activity were impaired (absenteeism, 8.6% vs. 5.1% for TIRs vs. TRs; presenteeism, 34.3% vs. 21.0%; work impairment, 37.1% vs. 23.3%; overall activity impairment, 39.8% vs. 25.3%; all p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: HRQoL and work productivity were significantly impacted in TIRs versus TRs in this real-world analysis of patients with migraine acutely treated with triptans, highlighting the need for more effective treatments for patients with an insufficient triptan response. Further research is needed to establish causal relationships between insufficient response and these outcomes.

Implication of the training ad continuing education process for the interprofessional performance.

OBJETIVES: to analyze the implication of the training/continuing education process of professionals of the Expanded Nucleus of Family Health and Basic Care (Portuguese acronym: Nasf-AB) for their interprofessional performance. METHODS: a qualitative case study performed with Nasf-AB teams representative of four macro-regions of health of the state of Santa Catarina. Participation of 43 professionals, who answered collective interviews. The results were later submitted to thematic analysis. RESULTS: the training is strongly influenced by the Biomedical Model, which acts as an obstacle to interprofessional performance, given the challenges in the daily routine of Nasf-AB professionals. Continuing education emerges as a potential for the successful collaborative work among teams, and between the teams and Family Health professionals. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: there are important limits in the training of professionals. However, the constant interprofessional development promoted by strategies of continuing education contributes to broaden the support and collaborative practices that qualify services and strengthen Basic Care.

Performance management methods and practices among nurses in primary health care settings: a systematic scoping review protocol.

BACKGROUND: Nurses make up the largest constituent of the health workforce. The success of health care interventions depends on nurses' ability and willingness to provide quality health care services. A well-implemented performance management (PM) system can be a valuable asset in ensuring that nurses are motivated, promoted, trained and rewarded appropriately. Despite the significant benefits of effective PM such as improved motivation, job satisfaction and morale, PM systems are highly contested. Therefore, it is important to examine evidence on PM methods and practices in order to understand its consequences among nursing professionals in primary health care (PHC) settings. METHODS: The search strategy of this systematic scoping review will involve various electronic databases which include Academic Search Complete, PsycARTICLES. PsycINFO, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Applied Health Literature, Medline and Cochrane Library from the EbsocHost Database Platform. Electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, Union catalogue of theses and dissertations via SABINET online and WorldCat dissertations will be incorporated. A grey literature search will be conducted on websites such as the World Health Organization and government websites to find relevant policies and guidelines. The period for the search is from 1978 to 2018. This time period was chosen to coincide with the Declaration of Alma-Ata on PHC adopted in 1978. All references will be exported to Endnote library. Two independent reviewers will begin screening for eligible titles, abstracts and full articles. During title and abstract screening, duplicates will be removed. The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool will determine the quality of included studies. Thematic analysis will be used to analyse the included articles. DISCUSSION: Evidence of preferences on PM methods and practices will generate insight on the use of PM systems in PHC and how this can be used for the purpose of improving nurses' performance and in turn, the provision of quality health care. We hope to expose knowledge gaps and inform future research.

Implication of the training ad continuing education process for the interprofessional performance / Implicación del proceso de formácion e educación continua para la actuación interprofesional / Implicação do processo de formação e educação permanente para atuação interprofissional

ABSTRACT Objetives: to analyze the implication of the training/continuing education process of professionals of the Expanded Nucleus of Family Health and Basic Care (Portuguese acronym: Nasf-AB) for their interprofessional performance. Methods: a qualitative case study performed with Nasf-AB teams representative of four macro-regions of health of the state of Santa Catarina. Participation of 43 professionals, who answered collective interviews. The results were later submitted to thematic analysis. Results: the training is strongly influenced by the Biomedical Model, which acts as an obstacle to interprofessional performance, given the challenges in the daily routine of Nasf-AB professionals. Continuing education emerges as a potential for the successful collaborative work among teams, and between the teams and Family Health professionals. Final considerations: there are important limits in the training of professionals. However, the constant interprofessional development promoted by strategies of continuing education contributes to broaden the support and collaborative practices that qualify services and strengthen Basic Care.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la implicación del proceso de formación/educación continua de los profesionales del Núcleo Ampliado de Salud de la Familia y Atención Básica (Nasf-AB) en su actuación interprofesional. Métodos: estudio de caso cualitativo realizado con equipos de Nasf-AB representativos de cuatro Macroregiones de Salud del Estado de Santa Catarina. Participación de 43 profesionales que respondieron a entrevistas colectivas. Los resultados fueron posteriormente sometidos al análisis temático. Resultados: hubo notable influencia del Modelo Biomédico en la formación, que funciona como obstáculo para la actuación interprofesional frente a los desafíos en el cotidiano del Nasf-AB. La educación continua emerge como potencia para el éxito del trabajo colaborativo entre los equipos, y de los equipos con los profesionales de la Salud de la Familia. Consideraciones finales: hay límites importantes en la formación de los profesionales. Sin embargo, el desarrollo interprofesional constante promovido por las estrategias de educación continua contribuye a ampliar el apoyo y las prácticas colaborativas que califican los servicios y fortalecen la Atención Básica.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a implicação do processo de formação/educação permanente dos profissionais do Núcleo Ampliado de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica (Nasf-AB) para a sua atuação interprofisisonal. Métodos: estudo de caso de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com equipes de Nasf-AB representativas de quatro Macrorregiões de Saúde do Estado de Santa Catarina. Participação de 43 profissionais que responderam entrevistas coletivas. Os resultados foram posteriormente submetidos à análise temática. Resultados: identificou-se marcante influência do Modelo Biomédico na formação, que funciona como obstáculo para a atuação interprofissional frente aos desafios no cotidiano do Nasf-AB. A educação permanente emerge, marcantemente, como potência para o sucesso do trabalho colaborativo entre as equipes e destas com os profissionais da Saúde da Família. Considerações finais: há limites importantes na formação dos profissionais. Contudo, o desenvolvimento interprofissional constante promovido pelas estratégias de educação permanente contribui para ampliar o apoio e as práticas colaborativas que qualificam os serviços e fortalecem a Atenção Básica.

Neuro magnifico! An exploratory study critically reviewing news text reporting of anxiety-related work performance strengths, challenges and support measures.

BACKGROUND: Progressive workplaces should be aware of emerging neurodiversity related issues. People are sharing their narratives of high functioning anxiety in a variety of forums. Despite news text reporting upon this phenomenon, the concept has managed to escape a research spotlight. OBJECTIVE: To critically investigate the evidence base of news article reporting of anxiety-related work performance strengths, challenges and support measures. METHODS: Thematic analysis was applied to news texts derived from CrossSearch database and internet enquiries and journal articles obtained from Scopus, Medline and Science Direct databases. RESULTS: The analysis of eight news texts and 36 journal articles produced evidence-based themes including those of work performance strengths (quality, quantity, creativity) challenges (overreaching, perfectionism, overthinking, communication) and support measures (medical, cognitive, physical, flexibility). CONCLUSION: This investigative review reveals that anxiety-related work performance strengths, challenges and support measures as identified within news text reporting of the high functioning anxiety concept have at least some basis in the literature. It might therefore be the case that organizations who invest in supporting employees who identify with high functioning dimensions of their anxiety disorders are the ones who are ultimately rewarded with work performance advantages.

Percepção de estudantes de enfermagem sobre o que é ser enfermeiro / Perception of nursing students regarding what being a nurse means

Trata-se de uma pesquisa integrada/guarda-chuva, de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo descritivo, exploratório e transversal, tendo como objetivo analisar a percepção dos acadêmicos do 5º ano de enfermagem sobre o que é "ser enfermeiro". A amostra foi constituída por 22 acadêmicos da Escola de Enfermagem Wenceslau Braz, de Itajubá-MG. Os dados foram coletados por meio de um questionário de caracterização pessoal dos participantes e de um roteiro semiestruturado de grupo focal. Para a análise dos dados foi utilizado o Método de Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. Quanto à caracterização pessoal dos informantes, observou-se que prevaleceu a idade entre 21 a 25 anos com 77,27%, o sexo feminino com 95,45%; a religião católica com 72,73%; a escola pública onde fez o Ensino Fundamental com 90,91% e o Ensino Médio com 81,82%; "para ajudar o próximo" como justificativa pela escolha do curso com 36,36%. Dentre as dez categorias referentes à percepção do acadêmico de enfermagem sobre o que é ser enfermeiro têm-se: "ter amor ao próximo, gratidão, paciência, empatia, saber ouvir, relacionar, fazer um trabalho feliz, humanizar"; "ter muita atenção, responsabilidade, dedicação, habilidades, conhecimento, raciocínio clínico, competência" e "prestar assistência e cuidado integral, dando dignidade, autonomia, sentido à vida aos pacientes". Este estudo permitiu realizar um levantamento da caracterização pessoal de estudantes do 5º ano do curso de enfermagem da Escola de Enfermagem Wenceslau Braz, de Itajubá, Minas Gerais, bem como conhecer a percepção deles sobre o que é "ser enfermeiro" por meio de 10 categorias.

This is an integrated study with a qualitative, descriptive, exploratory and cross-sectional approach. The purpose is to identify the perception of nursing students at the 5th year regarding what is "to be a nurse" for them. The sample consisted in 22 undergraduate students from the Wenceslau Braz Nursing School in the city of Itajubá, in the state of Minas Gerais. The data was collected through a personal characterization questionnaire, following a semi-structured focal group script. Additionally, Bardin analysis and content method were used for data analysis. Regarding the personal characterization of the respondents, the following could be observed: 77.27% belonged to the age group between 21 and 25 years; 95.45% female; 72.73% catholic; 90.91% completed elementary education at public schools; and 81.82% completed secondary education at public schools. The answer "To help other people" was stated as a reason for choosing the nursing career by 36.36%. Among the 10 categories related to their perceptions on what being a nurse means to them, the following answers were presented: "To have love for the other, gratitude, patience, empathy, knowing how to listen, making a happy, humanized job"; "having a lot of attention, responsibility, dedication, skills, knowledge, clinical thinking, competency"; "To assist with a full care, providing dignity and autonomy, meaning to their lives". This study allowed to survey the personal characterization of students of the 5th year at the nursing course of the Wenceslau Braz School of Nursing in Itajubá, Minas Gerais, as well as learning about their perception regarding what it takes to be a nurse through 10 categories.

Association of the Usability of Electronic Health Records With Cognitive Workload and Performance Levels Among Physicians.

Importance: Current electronic health record (EHR) user interfaces are suboptimally designed and may be associated with excess cognitive workload and poor performance. Objective: To assess the association between the usability of an EHR system for the management of abnormal test results and physicians' cognitive workload and performance levels. Design, Setting, and Participants: This quality improvement study was conducted in a simulated EHR environment. From April 1, 2016, to December 23, 2016, residents and fellows from a large academic institution were enrolled and allocated to use either a baseline EHR (n = 20) or an enhanced EHR (n = 18). Data analyses were conducted from January 9, 2017, to March 30, 2018. Interventions: The EHR with enhanced usability segregated in a dedicated folder previously identified critical test results for patients who did not appear for a scheduled follow-up evaluation and provided policy-based decision support instructions for next steps. The baseline EHR displayed all patients with abnormal or critical test results in a general folder and provided no decision support instructions for next steps. Main Outcomes and Measures: Cognitive workload was quantified subjectively using NASA-Task Load Index and physiologically using blink rates. Performance was quantified according to the percentage of appropriately managed abnormal test results. Results: Of the 38 participants, 25 (66%) were female. The 20 participants allocated to the baseline EHR compared with the 18 allocated to the enhanced EHR demonstrated statistically significantly higher cognitive workload as quantified by blink rate (mean [SD] blinks per minute, 16 [9] vs 24 [7]; blink rate, -8 [95% CI, -13 to -2]; P = .01). The baseline group showed statistically significantly poorer performance compared with the enhanced group who appropriately managed 16% more abnormal test results (mean [SD] performance, 68% [19%] vs 98% [18%]; performance rate, -30% [95% CI, -40% to -20%]; P < .001). Conclusions and Relevance: Relatively basic usability enhancements to the EHR system appear to be associated with better physician cognitive workload and performance; this finding suggests that next-generation systems should strip away non-value-added EHR interactions, which may help physicians eliminate the need to develop their own suboptimal workflows.

Women in Neurosurgery: A Young Italian Neurosurgeon's Perspective.

Several differences distinguish brain functioning and behavior of women and men. This article addresses how gender features influence the way one behaves in the workplace, in particular, in neurosurgery. Women experience impostor syndrome, which is a persistent fearing of impropriety, by tending to point out their own fears and express their flaws, underrating themselves. At the same time, women show more caution and more care for details than their male counterparts, emphasize teamwork and research, and show greater aptitude in surgical and medical practices. According to several authors, female neurosurgeons represent an important component for the future of the discipline and are essential to the field's growth. Nevertheless, young women feel a tension between the "women can have it all" movement and a realistic view of themselves as mothers, partners, employees, and leaders. As a young neurosurgeon, I think that our future is in our hands, it depends on our enthusiasm, on our energy but, above all, it will be bright, since we all are neurosurgeons.

Communicable Disease Surveillance Systems in Disasters: Application of the Input, Process, Product, and Outcome Framework for Performance Assessment.

OBJECTIVE: One of the most important measures following disasters is setting up a communicable disease surveillance system (CDSS). This study aimed to develop indicators to assess the performance of CDSSs in disasters. METHOD: In this 3-phase study, firstly a qualitative study was conducted through in-depth, semistructured interviews with experts on health in disasters and emergencies, health services managers, and communicable diseases center specialists. The interviews were analyzed, and CDSS performance assessment (PA) indicators were extracted. The appropriateness of these indicators was examined through a questionnaire administered to experts and heads of communicable diseases departments of medical sciences universities. Finally, the designed indicators were weighted using the analytic hierarchy process approach and Expert Choice software. RESULTS: In this study, 51 indicators were designed, of which 10 were related to the input (19.61%), 17 to the process (33.33%), 13 to the product (25.49%), and 11 to the outcome (21.57%). In weighting, the maximum score was that of input (49.1), and the scores of the process, product, and outcome were 31.4, 12.7, and 6.8, respectively. CONCLUSION: Through 3 different phases, PA indicators for 4 phases of a chain of results were developed. The authors believe that these PA indicators can assess the system's performance and its achievements in response to disasters. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:158-164).

Transformational leadership and team effectiveness: the mediating role of affective team commitment / El liderazgo transformacional y la eficacia grupal: el papel mediador del compromiso afectivo con el equipo

This paper investigates the effects of transformational leadership on team effectiveness. In particular, we studied the effects of transformational leadership on three criteria of team effectiveness: viability, team process improvement, and quality of group experience. In addition, we examined the indirect effect of transformational leadership on team effectiveness via affective team commitment. Ninety teams working in different organizational contexts in Portugal were surveyed. Two different questionnaires were administrated, respectively, to team members and team leaders. Team members (N = 445) were surveyed about leadership, team commitment, and quality of the group experience, whereas team leaders (N = 90) were asked to assess team viability and team process improvement. Hypotheses were tested through structural equation modelling. Results revealed that affective team commitment partially mediates the relationship between transformational leadership and quality of the group experience. The mediational role of affective team commitment between transformational leadership and both team viability and team process improvement was not supported. Implications for practice and suggestions for further research are provided

El objetivo de esta investigación fue contribuir a aclarar los efectos del liderazgo transformacional en la eficacia de los equipos. Hemos estudiado los efectos directos e indirectos del liderazgo transformacional en tres criterios de eficacia del equipo: la viabilidad, la mejora del proceso en equipo y la calidad de la experiencia grupal. Además, analizamos el efecto indirecto del liderazgo transformacional en la eficacia grupal a través del compromiso afectivo con el equipo. Se encuestó a 90 equipos que trabajaban en diferentes contextos organizacionales en Portugal. Se administraron dos cuestionarios diferentes respectivamente a los miembros del equipo y a los líderes. Los miembros del equipo (N = 445) fueron encuestados sobre el liderazgo, el compromiso con el equipo y la calidad de la experiencia grupal, mientras que a los líderes (N = 90) se les pidió que evaluasen la viabilidad del equipo y la mejora del proceso en equipo. Las hipótesis se examinaron mediante modelos de ecuaciones estructurales. Los resultados revelaron que el compromiso afectivo con el equipo media parcialmente la relación entre el liderazgo transformacional y la calidad de la experiencia grupal. El rol de mediación del compromiso afectivo del equipo entre el liderazgo transformacional, la viabilidad de éste y la mejora del proceso en equipo, no ha sido sustentado empíricamente. Además, presentamos implicaciones para la práctica y sugerencias para futuras investigaciones

Psychosocial risks and job satisfaction in Argentinian scholars: exploring the moderating role of work engagement / Los riesgos psicosociales y la satisfacción laboral en los académicos argentinos: exploración del rol moderador del entusiasmo laboral

The increasing psychosocial risks imposed on today's scholars have turned their profession into a highly stressful career path. Drawing on evidence collected in a sample of 177 scholars from an Argentinian public university, this study explores the buffering role of work engagement in the relationship between perceived exposure to six work-related psychosocial risk factors, namely psychological demands, insufficient autonomy, lack of social support and leadership, insufficient esteem, double presence, and job insecurity, and job satisfaction. Hierarchical regression analyses resulted in three out of six possible interaction effects, revealing that work engagement indeed moderates the effects of psychological demands, lack of social support and leadership, and insufficient esteem on scholars' job satisfaction. We discuss the findings in relation to directions proposed for future research

Los crecientes riesgos psicosociales impuestos a los académicos actuales han convertido su profesión en una carrera muy estresante. Basándose en la evidencia recopilada en una muestra de 177 académicos de una universidad pública argentina, este estudio explora el rol moderador del entusiasmo laboral en la relación entre la percepción de exposición a seis factores de riesgo psicosociales relacionados con el trabajo, demandas psicológicas, autonomía insuficiente, falta de apoyo y liderazgo, falta de estima, doble presencia e inseguridad laboral, y satisfacción laboral. Los análisis de regresión jerárquica dieron como resultado tres de seis posibles efectos de interacción, revelando que el trabajo realmente modera los efectos de las demandas psicológicas, la falta de apoyo social y liderazgo y la falta de estima en la satisfacción laboral de los académicos. Se discuten los hallazgos en relación con las indicaciones propuestas para futuras investigaciones

Emerging Ergonomics Issues and Opportunities in Mining.

Ergonomics is the scientific discipline that investigates the interactions between humans and systems to optimize both human and system performance for worker safety, health, and productivity. Ergonomics is frequently involved either in the design of emerging technologies or in strategies to alleviate unanticipated human performance problems with emerging technologies. This manuscript explores several such emerging issues and opportunities in the context of the mining sector. In mining, the equipment, tools, and procedures have changed considerably and continue to change. Body-worn technology provides a number of opportunities to advance the safety and health of miners, while teleoperation and autonomous mining equipment stand to benefit significantly from ergonomics applications in other sectors. This manuscript focuses on those issues and opportunities that can impact the safety and health of miners in the near term.

Impact of Pre-Pharmacy Work Experience on Development of Professional Identity in Student Pharmacists.

Objective. To determine the benefit of pharmacy work experience on the development of student pharmacists' professional identity. Methods. Students in all four professional years were surveyed using a validated Professional Self-identity Questionnaire (PSIQ). They were also asked about pharmacy experience prior to matriculation and their performance on Drug Information tests given midway through the P1 year and at the beginning of the P3 year. PSIQ responses and test results were compared based on pharmacy experience. Results. The PSIQ was completed by 293 student pharmacists, for a 67% response rate, with 76% of respondents reporting pharmacy experience prior to matriculation. Statistically higher scores on responses to 6 of the 9 PSIQ Likert-type items were observed from students in the first professional year for those with pharmacy experience; however, only one item in the second year showed differences with none in the third and fourth years. No impact of experience was observed on Top 100 or Top 300 grades. Conclusion. Pre-matriculation pharmacy experience may increase development of professional identity early in the student experience but may have little impact on academic readiness. Schools and colleges of pharmacy hoping to recruit students with an early sense of professional identity should consider adding such experience to their admissions requirements.