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1.
BMC Res Notes ; 10(1): 412, 2017 Aug 16.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28814315

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Microfilaria is a major public health problem in tropical and subtropical countries and is an endemic problem in India. Wuchereria bancrofti is the commonest filarial infection. In some lesions, microfilariae and adult filarial worm have been incidentally detected in fine-needle aspirates. CASE PRESENTATION: A 35 year old hindu female presented with lump in upper outer quadrant of left breast. Fine needle aspiration revealed two adult gravid female filarial worms. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge this is the first ever case report to demonstrate two live gravid female and embryoid forms in wet mount preparation.


Subject(s)
Filariasis/diagnosis , Mammary Glands, Human/parasitology , Wuchereria bancrofti/isolation & purification , Adult , Animals , Biopsy, Fine-Needle , Female , Filariasis/parasitology , Filariasis/surgery , Humans , Incidental Findings , Mammary Glands, Human/surgery , Wuchereria bancrofti/anatomy & histology
3.
Int J Parasitol ; 32(6): 705-16, 2002 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12062489

ABSTRACT

Growth in length and width of Wuchereria bancrofti (Filariidea: Onchocercidae) larvae developing in its Polynesian vector Aedes polynesiensis (Diptera: Culicidae) was analysed using a mathematical approach to objectively extract patterns. L1 had a U-shaped growth in length, while widths followed an S-shaped function. L2 had an S-shaped growth in length and width. Growth in length of L3 was also S-shaped, while widths had an asymptotic size following a period of rapid shrinkage. The greatest difference between length and width was in stage 3 where the length was over 75 times greater than the width. The ratio of length to width was approximately 50 for microfilariae and only 10 for the L1 ('sausage') stage. Characteristic mean length (and width) were approximately 280(7) microm for microfilariae, approximately 181 microm for L1 at their smallest, and approximately 1584(22) microm for L3 infective larvae. There was a great increase in length during stage 2 from approximately 322(27) to approximately 982(31) microm. Stage duration decreased with increasing temperature while growth rate increased, giving steeper growth curves. There was no effect of temperature on size, except for L3, which were shorter when mosquitoes were reared at higher temperature. It appears that larval growth is a continuous process from microfilariae to the young L3 stage, and continuously modifies the larval parasite aspect, even within each stage. Thus, information on larval shape may be used as an age indicator and in some cases, may give an estimation on time elapsed since infection of the vector. An important demographic parameter used in most mathematical models describing transmission of parasites by insect vectors is the length of the gonotrophic cycle of the vector, i.e. the time interval between two successive blood-meals. Usual methods for computing such a parameter are based on mark-recapture techniques. However, reliable estimates need substantial capture rates, which are not always possible. This paper presents another approach in which marked mosquitoes are those naturally infected by W. bancrofti. For one mosquito, the time since infection is simply the age of the developing larval parasite. Our method first expresses the age of larval parasite as a fraction of total development time (from microfilariae entering the vector to L3 larvae) using a regression model based on measurements of the parasite's length and width. This fraction of development is then converted to a chronological age since infection, using a back-calculation procedure involving ambient temperatures and growth rates of W. bancrofti larvae in the vector. The method is applied to wild caught Ae. polynesiensis in French Polynesia to compute the length of the gonotrophic cycle. This mosquito species comes to bite approximately 3, 6-7 and 9 days after a first infectious blood-meal. Then the length of the gonotrophic cycle may be of 3-4 days.


Subject(s)
Aedes/parasitology , Insect Vectors/parasitology , Wuchereria bancrofti/growth & development , Aedes/metabolism , Age Factors , Animals , Female , Hot Temperature , Humans , Insect Vectors/metabolism , Larva/anatomy & histology , Larva/growth & development , Models, Biological , Polynesia , Regression Analysis , Wuchereria bancrofti/anatomy & histology
4.
J Helminthol ; 73(4): 317-21, 1999 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10722326

ABSTRACT

Comparative morphometric and morphological studies of microfilariae and infective stages were undertaken in nocturnally periodic and subperiodic Wuchereria bancrofti. For microfilariae, the body dimensions of nocturnally periodic (NP) were significantly smaller than nocturnally subperiodic (NSP), i.e., body length 268.03+/-14.75 microm (NP), 307.61+/-11.52 microm (NSP); cephalic space length 4.21+/-0.62 microm (NP), 5.32+/-0.79 microm (NSP); head to nerve ring 49.39+/-5.43 microm (NP), 57.40+/-4.46 microm (NSP); innenkörper length 33.05+/-5.89 microm (NP), 44.02+/-8.71 microm (NSP); cephalic space width 4.28+/-0.59 microm (NP), 6.04+/-0.68 microm (NSP); body width at nerve ring 5.01+/-0.57 microm (NP), 7.45+/-0.75 microm (NSP). The number of nuclei between the cephalic space and nerve ring of NP (66.67+/-5.19) was also significantly less than in NSP (94.74+/-6.95). For infective stages, the body dimensions of NP were significantly smaller than NSP, i.e., body length 1632.50+/-131.48 microm (NP), 2002.63+/-222.60 microm (NSP); head to nerve ring 103.09+/-7.47 microm (NP), 122.44+/-9.62 microm (NSP); head to oesophago-intestinal junction 567.69+/-94.84 microm (NP), 666.75+/-110.08 microm (NSP); body width at oesophago-intestinal junction 23.15+/-1.55 microm (NP), 26.78+/-1.62 microm (NSP). It is too early to infer the NP type as an additional sibling species of W. bancrofti but it is reasonable to treat it as a new variety and additional work is needed to clarify its status.


Subject(s)
Microfilariae/anatomy & histology , Wuchereria bancrofti/anatomy & histology , Animals , Carrier State/parasitology , Humans , Myanmar , Thailand
5.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 38(3): 553-7, 1988 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3079314

ABSTRACT

Eight patients from Uganda, Sudan, Nigeria, and Zaire presented with swelling of the eyelids, proptosis, or conjunctival granulomas. In 5 patients the cause was Mansonella perstans; in 1, it was a Wuchereria bancrofti-like worm; and in 2, an unidentifiable worm. The morphologic features and histopathologic changes in the conjunctiva and periorbital fat are described and illustrated.


Subject(s)
Conjunctival Diseases/parasitology , Exophthalmos/parasitology , Eye Infections, Parasitic/parasitology , Filariasis/parasitology , Mansonelliasis/parasitology , Orbital Diseases/parasitology , Adolescent , Adult , Animals , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Mansonella/anatomy & histology , Mansonella/isolation & purification , Wuchereria bancrofti/anatomy & histology , Wuchereria bancrofti/isolation & purification
6.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3313738

ABSTRACT

The microfilariae found in carriers at Tak Province, Northwestern Thailand were morphologically and morphometrically studied. It was found that the parasites conformed to that of W. bancrofti microfilaria. The microfilarial periodicity as determined from four carriers was found to be nocturnally (early evening) subperiodic type showing a distinct peak at 1800 hours.


Subject(s)
Elephantiasis, Filarial/parasitology , Filariasis/parasitology , Wuchereria bancrofti/anatomy & histology , Wuchereria/anatomy & histology , Animals , Circadian Rhythm , Humans , Microfilariae/anatomy & histology , Microfilariae/growth & development , Thailand , Wuchereria bancrofti/growth & development
9.
Ann Parasitol Hum Comp ; 60(5): 613-30, 1985.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-3909890

ABSTRACT

The description of the fourth stage larva of W. bancrofti provides an indication of the direction of morphological evolution in the genus showing in particular that W. kalimantani is more highly evolved than W. bancrofti and constitutes a "capture" by Presbytis of the species parasitic in man. No morphological character of adult W. bancrofti distinguishes the geographic origin of the different collections studied. By contrast, the morphological characters of the microfilariae and their biological features are significantly different, but are not inter-correlated. It therefore appears that in the genus Wuchereria, as in the other viviparous filarioids, the phenomenon of speciation is evident first of all in the morphology of the microfilaria, the stage most susceptible to selection pressures.


Subject(s)
Wuchereria bancrofti/anatomy & histology , Wuchereria/anatomy & histology , Aging , Animals , Cercopithecidae , Female , Geography , Larva , Macaca , Male , Species Specificity , Wuchereria bancrofti/growth & development , Wuchereria bancrofti/pathogenicity
12.
J Helminthol ; 54(2): 117-22, 1980 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-6997363

ABSTRACT

Adult worms of the rural strain of Wuchereria bancrofti in Peninsular Malaysia obtained from a successful experimental transmission in an immunosuppressed Macaca fascicularis are described for the first time. Although the worms, especially females, were slightly smaller, they were similar in morphology to those of the periodic and non-periodic W. bancrofti previously described.


Subject(s)
Filariasis/parasitology , Wuchereria bancrofti/anatomy & histology , Wuchereria/anatomy & histology , Animals , Female , Immunosuppression Therapy , Macaca fascicularis , Male , Microfilariae/anatomy & histology
13.
Jpn J Exp Med ; 50(2): 85-9, 1980 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-7005493

ABSTRACT

Human filariasis was detected in an anthropological and medical survey among the indigenous Mamanwa people of the northernmost region of Mindanao, Philippines in specimens of thin blood smears and cultures of leucocytes from blood samples taken in the day time in September, 1978. Microfilaria positives were 23.2% (22/95) at Bo. Pangaylan, Santiago, 26.7% (28/105) at Kitcharao, Agusan del Norte, 19.3% (16/83) at Urbistondo, Surigao del Norte, Mindanao and none (0/50) at Abucay, Bataan, Luzon. Morphological characteristics of microfilaria were those of Wuchereria bancrofti. The periodicity of microfilaria observed in 3 Mamanwa people was nocturnally periodic with the peak hours at 12 o'clock midnight and the periodicity index at 124.4 following the method of Aikat & Das, or 92.35 following the method of Sasa & Tanaka. Microfilaria positives in the culture of leucocytes were as high as 41.2% (28/68). Since blood samples were taken in the day time and the filaria in these areas was nocturnally periodic, the prevalence of infection among these people is assumed to be much higher than the observed prevalence.


Subject(s)
Filariasis/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Child , Female , Filariasis/parasitology , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Periodicity , Philippines , Wuchereria bancrofti/anatomy & histology
14.
J Parasitol ; 64(5): 775-85, 1978 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-363997

ABSTRACT

The anterior alimentary tract of infective-stage Wuchereria bancrofti is divided into the following segments: stoma or buccal capsule, muscular esophagus, glandular esophagus, esophageal-intestinal valve, and intestine. Invaginated external cuticle lines only the anterior stoma. External cuticle and esophageal lining are not continuous and are ultrastructurally distinct; the latter is compared morphologically to the amorphous component of elastin. The glandular esophagus is a composite structure of a stellate contractile epithelial core, surrounded by a sleeve of secretory epithelium. The glandular cytoplasm shows evidence of formation and release of dense secretory granules. At least 2 nerve cell bodies lie within the esophagus approximately 15 micrometer anterior to the esophageal-intestinal valve and their associated processes pass forward and backward through the contractile epithelium. Materials interpreted as ingested flight muscle mitochondria of the mosquito vector appear in various stages of degeneration within the intestinal lumen. It is suggested that, although simple by comparison to some other nematodes, the anterior alimentary tract of infective-stage W. bancrofti functions in the ingestion and breakdown of nutrient materials. The ultrastructure of the excretory cell likewise suggests a functional capability.


Subject(s)
Aedes/parasitology , Digestive System/ultrastructure , Filariasis/parasitology , Wuchereria bancrofti/anatomy & histology , Wuchereria/anatomy & histology , Animals , Epithelium/ultrastructure , Esophagus/ultrastructure , Humans , Intestines/ultrastructure
16.
Tropenmed Parasitol ; 29(3): 364-70, 1978 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-364800

ABSTRACT

The detailed morphology of the larvae of Wuchereria bancrofti developing in a refractory strain of Culex pipiens fatigans from Liberia, West Africa, has been described. The abortive development of the parasite in the thoracic muscles of the mosquito was characterized mainly by: (i) retardation or complete failure of initial division of the G-cell, (ii) partial or complete encapsulation of developing larvae, especially at the anal and excretory vesicle areas of late first-stage, (iii) breakdown of the forming internal structures with formation of clusters of DNA-and RNA-positive material, and (iv) anomalous development of some larvae in which extra-corporeal growth of internal tissues took place.


Subject(s)
Culex/parasitology , Insect Vectors , Wuchereria bancrofti/growth & development , Wuchereria/growth & development , Africa, Western , Animals , Anopheles/parasitology , Larva/anatomy & histology , Larva/growth & development , Melanins , Species Specificity , Wuchereria bancrofti/anatomy & histology
17.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-775653

ABSTRACT

During studies on filariasis in Thailand, attempts were made to differentiate Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia spp. by morphological characteristics, as well as by vector species.


Subject(s)
Brugia/anatomy & histology , Filarioidea/anatomy & histology , Wuchereria bancrofti/anatomy & histology , Wuchereria/anatomy & histology , Animals , Brugia/classification , Microfilariae , Periodicity
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