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1.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 96(5): 723-8, 2001 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11500779

ABSTRACT

There are several data in the literature indicating a great variety of pharmacological activities of Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae), which exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-human immunodeficiency virus, anti-bacteria, antioxidant effects and nematocidal activities. Curcumin is a major component in Curcuma longa L., being responsible for its biological actions. Other extracts of this plant has been showing potency too. In vitro, curcumin exhibits anti-parasitic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and gastrointestinal effects; and also inhibits carcinogenesis and cancer growth. In vivo, there are experiments showing the anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory potency of curcumin and extracts of C. longa L. by parenteral and oral application in animal models. In this present work we make an overview of the pharmacological activities of C. longa L., showing its importance.


Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology , Curcumin/pharmacology , Phytotherapy , Plants, Medicinal/therapeutic use , Zingiberales/therapeutic use , Animals , Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/chemistry , Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology , Curcumin/chemistry , Humans , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Zingiberales/chemistry
2.
Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz ; 96(5): 723-728, July 2001. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-289365

ABSTRACT

There are several data in the literature indicating a great variety of pharmacological activities of Curcuma longa L. (Zingiberaceae), which exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-human immunodeficiency virus, anti-bacteria, antioxidant effects and nematocidal activities. Curcumin is a major component in Curcuma longa L., being responsible for its biological actions. Other extracts of this plant has been showing potency too. In vitro, curcumin exhibits anti-parasitic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory and gastrointestinal effects; and also inhibits carcinogenesis and cancer growth. In vivo, there are experiments showing the anti-parasitic, anti-inflammatory potency of curcumin and extracts of C. longa L. by parenteral and oral application in animal models. In this present work we make an overview of the pharmacological activities of C. longa L., showing its importance


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Curcumin/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal/therapeutic use , Zingiberales/therapeutic use , Curcumin/chemistry , Curcumin/toxicity , Plant Extracts/chemistry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/toxicity , Zingiberales/chemistry , Zingiberales/toxicity
3.
Mol Cells ; 10(4): 392-8, 2000 Aug 31.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10987135

ABSTRACT

The antitumor effect of the partially purified polysaccharide from Curcuma zedoaria was studied in mice transplanted with sarcoma 180 cells. The polysaccharide fraction, CZ-1-III, at dose of 6.25 mg/kg/d showed 50% inhibition in solid tumor growth. When mice were injected with fractions, CZ-1 and CZ-1-III, at the dose of 100.0 mg/kg, 91.6% and 97.1% of tumor growth were inhibited, respectively, indicating that the cytotoxic effect of polysaccharide on sarcoma 180 cells increases upon increasing the amount of polysaccharide administered. To assess the genotoxicity of CZ-1-III fraction, several classical toxicological tests were performed. In Ames test, CZ-1-III did not show any transformation of revertant with or without S-9 metabolic activating system, indicating the lack of mutagenic effect of the compound. To assess clastogenic effect, micronucleus and chromosomal aberration assays were performed using Chinese hamster lung (CHL) fibroblast cells. However, up to 259.0 microg/ml concentration of CZ-1-III, neither micronucleus formation nor chromosomal aberration was induced regardless of the presence of S-9 metabolic activating system. Inhibition of CZ-1-III on micronucleus formation induced by mitomycin C was exhibited in a dose-dependent manner, maximally up to 52.0%. These results strongly suggest that CZ-1-III, the polysaccharide fraction from C. Zedoaria, decreases tumor size of mouse and prevents chromosomal mutation.


Subject(s)
Antimutagenic Agents/therapeutic use , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use , Phytotherapy , Polysaccharides/therapeutic use , Sarcoma 180/drug therapy , Zingiberales/therapeutic use , Animals , Antimutagenic Agents/isolation & purification , Antimutagenic Agents/toxicity , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/isolation & purification , Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/toxicity , Cell Line , Chromatography, Ion Exchange , Chromosome Aberrations , Male , Mice , Micronucleus Tests , Plant Extracts/isolation & purification , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Plant Extracts/toxicity , Plants, Medicinal , Polysaccharides/isolation & purification , Polysaccharides/toxicity , Sarcoma 180/genetics , Sarcoma 180/ultrastructure , Solubility , Zingiberales/chemistry , Zingiberales/toxicity
4.
Phytother Res ; 14(2): 136-8, 2000 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10685115

ABSTRACT

Musa sapientum commonly known as 'banana' is widely used in Indian folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Oral administration of 0.15, 0.20 and 0.25 g/kg body weight of the chloroform extract of the flowers for 30 days resulted in a significant reduction in blood glucose and glycosylated haemoglobin and an increase in total haemoglobin. The extract prevented a decrease in body weight, and also resulted in a decrease in free radical formation in the tissues. Thus the study shows that banana flower extract (BFEt) has an antihyperglycaemic action. The decrease in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and the increase in reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) clearly shows the antioxidant property of BFEt. The effect of BFEt was more prominently seen in the case of animals given 0.25 g/kg body weight. BFEt was more effective than glibenclamide.


Subject(s)
Blood Glucose/drug effects , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacology , Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects , Phytotherapy , Zingiberales/therapeutic use , Administration, Oral , Alloxan , Animals , Blood Glucose/analysis , Catalase/drug effects , Catalase/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/metabolism , Glutathione/drug effects , Glutathione/metabolism , Glutathione Peroxidase/drug effects , Glutathione Peroxidase/metabolism , Hemoglobins/analysis , Hemoglobins/drug effects , Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Kidney/chemistry , Kidney/metabolism , Liver/chemistry , Liver/metabolism , Male , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Superoxide Dismutase/drug effects , Superoxide Dismutase/metabolism , Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances/analysis
5.
Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther ; 37(7): 341-6, 1999 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10442508

ABSTRACT

The effect of a ginger rhizome extract (2 x 100 mg) was studied on fasting and postprandial gastroduodenal motility with stationary manometry in 12 healthy volunteers. The results showed that: the interdigestive antral motility was significantly increased by ginger during phase III of the migrating motor complex; the volunteers also had a significantly increased motor response to a test meal in the corpus; a trend to an increased motor response during ginger treatment was seen in all other regions of interest. Oral ginger improves gastroduodenal motility in the fasting state and after a standard test meal.


Subject(s)
Gastrointestinal Agents/pharmacology , Gastrointestinal Motility/drug effects , Phytotherapy , Zingiberales/therapeutic use , Adult , Capsules , Cross-Over Studies , Double-Blind Method , Humans , Male , Manometry , Plant Extracts/pharmacology
6.
Hosp Pract (1995) ; 34(6): 105-6, 109-12, 115-6 passim, 1999 Jun 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10386114

ABSTRACT

Used for centuries as folk remedies, herbs are enjoying a surge of public interest. Some empiric findings have been supported by formal research results. In order to advise patients about such preparations, physicians need to be aware of the indications, contraindications, drug interactions, and potential side effects. Eight popular herbs are reviewed.


Subject(s)
Phytotherapy , Plants, Medicinal/therapeutic use , Aloe/therapeutic use , Chamomile , Drug Interactions , Enzyme Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Ericales/therapeutic use , Flavonoids/therapeutic use , Garlic/therapeutic use , Ginkgo biloba/therapeutic use , Humans , Mentha piperita , Oils, Volatile/therapeutic use , Plant Extracts/therapeutic use , Plants, Medicinal/adverse effects , Zingiberales/therapeutic use
7.
Br J Cancer ; 80(1-2): 110-6, 1999 Apr.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10389986

ABSTRACT

Zingiberaceae rhizomes commonly used in the Malaysian traditional medicine were screened for anti-tumour promoter activity using the short-term assay of inhibition of 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) in Raji cells. The inhibition of TPA-induced EBV-EA was detected using the indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blot technique. The indirect IFA detected the expression/inhibition of EBV-EA-D (diffused EA antigen), whereas the Western blot technique detected the expression/inhibition of both EBV-EA-D and EA-R (restricted EA antigen). Seven rhizomes were found to possess inhibitory activity towards EBV activation, induced by TPA; they are: Curcuma domestica, C. xanthorrhiza, Kaempferia galanga, Zingiber cassumunar, Z. officinale, Z. officinale (red variety), and Z. zerumbet. A cytotoxicity assay was carried out to determine the toxicity of the Zingiberaceae rhizome extracts. The rhizome extracts that exhibited EBV activation inhibitory activity had no cytotoxicity effect in Raji cells. Therefore, the present study shows that several Zingiberaceae species used in Malaysian traditional medicine contain naturally occurring non-toxic compounds that inhibit the EBV activation, which, if further investigated, could contribute in the development of cancer prevention methods at the tumour-promoting stage.


Subject(s)
Anticarcinogenic Agents/pharmacology , Antigens, Viral , Chemoprevention , Medicine, Traditional , Phytotherapy , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Zingiberales/therapeutic use , Blotting, Western , Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect , Humans , Malaysia , Tumor Cells, Cultured
9.
Rev. cuba. invest. biomed ; 17(3): 208-13, sept.-dic. 1998. tab
Article in Spanish | CUMED | ID: cum-18107

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un ensayo clínico controlado, paralelo y a doble ciegas para evaluar la utilidad de las cápsulas de polvo de Musa paradisiaca en el tratamiento intercrisis del asma bronquial. Participaron 66 pacientes asmáticos adultos (grados I, II y III), que recibieron por períodos de 12 a 20 semanas dosis entre 19 y 47 mg/kg del producto o un placebo. Se estudió el comportamiento clínico de los pacientes y la aparición de reacciones adversas. No existieron diferencias significativas en las variables estudiadas entre el grupo tratado y el control. Concluimos que el polvo de Musa paradisiaca careció de utilidad terapéutica en el presente estudio(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Asthma/drug therapy , Anti-Asthmatic Agents/therapeutic use , Zingiberales/therapeutic use , Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic , Capsules , Powders , Plant Stems
11.
Obstet Gynecol ; 91(1): 149-55, 1998 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-9464741

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To review available evidence about the effectiveness of alternative therapies for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE and 13 additional US and international data bases were searched in 1996-1997 for papers that described use of alternative medicine in the treatment of pregnancy and pregnancy complications, specifically those addressing nausea, vomiting, and hyperemesis. Bibliographies of retrieved papers were reviewed to identify additional sources. METHODS OF STUDY SELECTION: All relevant English language clinical research papers were reviewed. Randomized clinical trials addressing specifically the use of nonpharmaceutical and nondietary interventions were chosen for detailed review. TABULATION, INTEGRATION, AND RESULTS: Ten randomized trials studying the effects of acupressure, ginger, and pyridoxine on nausea and vomiting of pregnancy were reviewed. Evidence of beneficial effects was found for these three interventions, although the data on acupressure are equivocal. Insufficient evidence was found for the benefits of hypnosis. Other interventions have not been studied. CONCLUSION: There is a dearth of research to support or to refute the efficacy of a number of common remedies for nausea and vomiting of pregnancy. The best-studied alternative remedy is acupressure, which may afford relief to many women; ginger and vitamin B6 also may be beneficial.


Subject(s)
Complementary Therapies , Nausea/therapy , Vomiting/therapy , Acupressure , Complementary Therapies/methods , Female , Humans , Phytotherapy , Pregnancy , Pyridoxine/therapeutic use , Zingiberales/therapeutic use
12.
Adv Ther ; 15(1): 25-44, 1998.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-10178636

ABSTRACT

Ginger is well known in the form of ginger sticks or ginger ale. If these are consumed during travel, the traveler imbibes, albeit subconsciously, a healing plant for motion sickness. The efficacy of ginger rhizome for the prevention of nausea, dizziness, and vomiting as symptoms of motion sickness (kinetosis), as well as for postoperative vomiting and vomiting of pregnancy, has been well documented and proved beyond doubt in numerous high-quality clinical studies. The use of this ancient medicine for gastrointestinal problems (stimulation of digestion) has been given scientific approval. Today, medicinal ginger is used mainly for prevention of the symptoms of travel sickness.


Subject(s)
Phytotherapy , Plants, Medicinal/therapeutic use , Zingiberales/therapeutic use , Aged , Child , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Motion Sickness/therapy , Nausea/therapy , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Plants, Medicinal/physiology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/therapy , Rheumatic Diseases/therapy , Zingiberales/chemistry , Zingiberales/physiology
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