Factores socioeconómicos asociados al aplazamiento de la primera unión en dos cohortes de mujeres mexicanas

Objetivo: analizar si el origen social y ciertas características sociodemográficas como la escolaridad, el empleo y el ser madre influyen en el aplazamiento de la primera unión en dos cohortes de mujeres mexicanas. Fuente de datos: Encuesta Demográfica Retrospectiva de 2017. Metodología: se utilizaron técnicas descriptivas y multivariadas de historia de eventos. En el análisis multivariado, se ajustaron dos modelos de historia de eventos, uno para la cohorte más antigua y otro para la más joven. Resultados: las mujeres nacidas entre 1978 y 1987 retrasaron más su calendario en comparación con las nacidas entre 1962 y 1967. La proporción de ocurrencia de la primera unión a los 30 años ha cambiado según la cohorte de nacimiento, las mujeres más jóvenes muestran menores porcentajes al respecto. Las mujeres de la cohorte más joven con alto nivel educativo, sin hijos y de mayor estrato tienen menos probabilidades de unirse. Conclusiones: el calendario de la unión en México es heterogéneo y está acentuado por las nuevas generaciones, la clase socioeconómica, el nivel educativo y la fecundidad previa.

Objective: to analyze if social origin and certain sociodemographic characteristics such as: education level, having a job and being a mother, influence in two cohorts of women in Mexico to postpone their entry into their first union. Data source: Retrospective Demographic Survey of 2017. Data source: Retrospective Demographic Survey of 2017. Methodology: descriptive and multivariate event history techniques were used. In multivariate analysis, two event history models were adjusted, one for women from the oldest cohort and one for the youngest. Results: Women born between 1978 and 1987 delayed their calendar compared to those born between 1962 and 1967. The proportion of occurrences of the first union at age 30 has changed according to the birth cohort, with younger women showing lower percentages of a first marriage at this age. Women from the younger cohort who are highly educated do not have children and are from a higher stratum, they are less likely to join. Conclusion: the calendar of the union in Mexico is heterogeneous and is accentuated by the new generations and the socioeconomic stratum to which they belong, in addition to factors such as educational level and pre-union fertility.

Interactions between educational lifecycle and transition to adulthood: A proposal for a new questionnaire.

Analysts who research the effect of education on behaviour related to the transition to adulthood are often limited by information available from censuses and surveys, which generally collect only the highest level of education attained at the time of the interview. Unfortunately, this leads to extreme simplification of people's educational paths and does not allow researchers to know exactly when they completed their studies, whether they did so satisfactorily, or whether they had periods of interruption in their educational cycle. In this paper we therefore investigate the problems deriving from having incomplete educational information when analysing events of transition to adulthood such as leaving the parental home, forming a first union, and having a first child. These needs for more detailed information explain why some surveys have questionnaires that would allow for reconstruction of the complete educational history, but this information is difficult to collect and to use. In order to overcome these difficulties of either the complexity or excessive simplicity of questionnaires on education, we propose a new set of questions. These would permit researchers to provide, with the minimum number of questions, the maximum possible useful information on the level and duration of studies, while also taking into account the most important and relevant interruptions. For the empirical analysis we have used the Fertility and Family Surveys (FFS) for 12 European countries with sufficient data to reconstruct the complete educational cycle.

Estrato sociodemográfico y patrones relacionados con la primera unión o la primera maternidad en México, 2018 / Sociodemographic strata and patterns related to the first union and first motherhood in Mexico, 2018

Resumen: Introducción: Eventos como la primera unión o la primera maternidad son acontecimientos claves que marcan la transición a la vida adulta de las mujeres, por lo que el objetivo de este trabajo fue investigar las pautas de formación familiar de dos generaciones de mujeres en México, según el estrato sociodemográfico. Metodología: Para este estudio, se analizaron los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de la Dinámica Demográfica de 2018. Inicialmente, se estudia la intensidad y el calendario de los dos eventos mediante el análisis de supervivencia. Finalmente, para determinar si el estrato sociodemográfico está asociado a la ocurrencia del calendario de los dos eventos se ajusta un modelo de riesgos proporcionales de Cox. Resultados: Se observa que las mujeres nacidas entre 1984 y 1988, pertenecientes a los estratos sociodemográficos más bajos, tienen los mismos comportamientos demográficos que aquellas mujeres del mismo estrato que nacieron veinte años antes. Es importante señalar que las que pertenecen a los estratos más altos han postergado la entrada de estos dos eventos, tan importantes desde la perspectiva social y cultural de México. Conclusiones: Las pautas de los comportamientos demográficos relacionados con la formación de la familia en México ratifican que es un país con pautas culturales, sociales y familiares bien establecidas, que aún en las generaciones más jóvenes se siguen transmitiendo. Por lo que es de suma importancia seguir estudiando más afondo el tema de la estabilidad del calendario y la intensidad de la primera unión o la primera maternidad.

Abstract: Introduction: The first union and the first motherhood are key events that start the women's transition to adulthood, so that the aim of this paper is investigating the family formation´s patterns in Mexico, specifically in the first union and the first maternity of two women´s generations, analyzing quantum and tempo according to the sociodemographic stratum. Methodology: This study analyzes the National Survey of Demographic Dynamics of 2018. Initially, the two events' quantum and tempo are studied by the survival analysis. Finally, to determine if the sociodemographic stratum is associated with the occurrence of the calendar of events, two Cox proportional hazards models are adjusted. Results: It can be observed that women born between 1984 and 1988, located among the lowest sociodemographic strata have the same demographic behaviors as those women of the same stratum who were born twenty years earlier. It is important to see that those women who belong to the highest strata have postponed the entry of these two events, so important from the social and cultural perspective of Mexico. Conclusions: The demographic behavior's patterns related to family formation in Mexico ratify that this is a country with very established cultural, social and family behavior standards, that even in the younger generations these patterns continue to be transmitted. Therefore, it is very important to continue analyzing the tempo and the quantum of the first union and the first motherhood.

Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia in the Imatinib Mesylate Era: Report of the Experience at "La Raza" Medical Center in Mexico.

BACKGROUND: With the advent of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), the prognosis of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has undergone significant changes in all age groups and at different clinical stages over the past 15 years. Consequently, although disease incidence has remained stable, cumulative prevalence is increasing. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed our experience with imatinib mesylate (IM) as a first- and second-line treatment for different CML stages to examine demographic and clinical characteristics of patients, cytogenetic and molecular response rates, as well as overall survival (OS), progression-free survival, and event-free survival of patients at the Specialties Hospital of the National Medical Center "La Raza," which belongs to the Mexican Social Security Institute and serves a population with medium to low socioeconomic status. RESULTS: We analyzed data of 302 CML patients who received IM as a first- (n = 234) or second-line treatment (n = 68). Overall, 198 of 302 patients (66%) reached a complete cytogenetic response and at least 115 of 302 (38%) achieved a major molecular response. Among 302 IM-treated patients, 55 (18%) achieved a molecular response 4.5 (MR4.5) or major; at the time of writing this report, 283 (93.7%) were alive and 19 (6.29%) had died. At 60 months, OS was 94%. CONCLUSION: IM offers long-term OS expectations not previously observed with any other therapy, in addition to a good quality of life. However, more than a third of the patients require further treatment with a second-generation TKI; consequently, expectations for treatment-free remission and long-term OS are reduced. Timely change to second-generation TKIs could improve such expectations.