Nano-encapsulation of essential amino acids: ruminal methane, carbon monoxide, hydrogen sulfide and fermentation.

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of nano-encapsulation of four essential amino acids (AA), threonine, methionine, tryptophan, and lysine on in vitro ruminal total gas, methane, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide production as well as the rumen fermentation profile in cattle. The highest (P < 0.001) rate and asymptotic gas production after 48 h of incubation was observed in the diets that had threonine, followed by lysine, methionine, and tryptophan. Asymptotic methane gas production decreased in the following order: threonine > lysine > tryptophan > methionine (P < 0.0001) and the rate of production per hour followed the same trend (P = 0.0259). CH4 parameters showed that in 4 h, 24 h, and 48 h of incubation the lowest methane production was obtained in the diet with methionine (P < 0.05) and the highest one in diet supplemented with threonine. Methane fractions showed that methionine-containing diets resulted in more (P < 0.05) metabolizable energy versus methane, followed by tryptophan-containing, and then lysine-containing diets. Methionine-fortified diets seem to be the most eco-friendly among those studied regarding methane output. However, based on methane, CO, and H2S output as well as the rumen fermentation profile nano-encapsulated lysine is recommended for use in ruminant nutrition.

Spanish validation of the short version of the racing and crowded thoughts questionnaire (RCTQ-13).

BACKGROUND: The Racing and Crowded Thoughts Questionnaire (RCTQ-13) is the most widely used specific scale for the measurement of racing thoughts, but there is currently no Spanish version that allow the evaluation in Spanish-speaking patients. The objective of this study is to translate, adapt, and validate the RCTQ-13 in a Colombian population with affective disorders. METHODS: The questionnaire was translated and back-translated, and corrections were implemented following a pilot test to improve comprehensibility. We included patients with Bipolar I Disorder and with Major depressive disorder seen in three centers in the city of Medellín, Colombia. We evaluate structural validity with confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. Construct validity was also assessed with the comparison between euthymic, maniac, and depressive episodes and the correlation with worry, rumination, and mania scales. Responsiveness was measured 1 month after the first evaluation. Based on item response theory (IRT), we also estimated item difficulty, discrimination, and fit using a generalized partial credit model. RESULTS: Two hundred fifty subjects were included. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the three-factor structure of the scale was appropriate. Internal consistency was adequate for the entire scale (Cronbach's alpha = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.94-0.96) and for each factor. Test-retest reliability was good (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.82, 95%IC: 0.70-0.88). For construct validity, we observed differences between patients with different types of affective episodes, a moderate positive correlation with the Penn State Worry Scale (r = 0.55) and the Ruminative Response Scale (r = 0.42), and a low negative correlation with the Young Mania Rating Scale (r = - 0.10). Responsiveness was proved to be adequate. Under IRT, the response thresholds for the response options are organized for all items. The infit was adequate for all items and the outfit was acceptable. CONCLUSIONS: The Spanish version of the RCTQ-13 is a reliable, valid, and responsive scale and can be used for the clinical assessment of the construct of racing and crowded thoughts in patients with the spectrum of affective disorders in whom this experience can be expressed with different nuances. Further research is needed to expand the relationship with rumination and worry.

Prognostic predictive model for PONV in cesarean delivery

Introduction: Apfel simplified risk score for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) has shown to be useful in anesthesia; however, since it has not been calibrated in regional anesthesia or in pregnant patients, its use in cesarean section is limited. Objective: To develop a prognostic predictive model for postoperative nausea and vomiting in pregnant patients undergoing cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. Methods: In a cohort of 703 term pregnant patients scheduled of cesarean section, 15 variables were prospectively assessed, to design a prognostic predictive model for the development of postoperative nausea and vomiting. A logistic regression analysis was used to construct the model and its calibration and discrimination were based on the Hosmer-Lemeshow test, the calibration curves, and C statistic. Additionally, the internal calibration was performed with the Bootstrap resampling method. Results: Postoperative nausea and vomiting were experienced by 27% of the patients during the first six hours after surgery. The model included as prognostic variables the development of intraoperative nausea and vomiting, age under 28 years, a history of PONV, the mother's BMI and the weight of the newborn baby. The model showed an adequate calibration (x2: 4.65 p: 0.5888), though a low discrimination (Statistic C = 0.68). Conclusions: A prognostic predictive model was created for the development of PONV in cesarean section. This model was used to build a prognostic scale for the classification of patients into risk groups.

Introducción: La escala de riesgo simplificada de Apfel para náuseas y vómito posoperatorio (NVPO) ha mostrado utilidad en anestesia; sin embargo, al no haber sido calibrada en anestesia regional o en pacientes embarazadas, su utilidad en cesárea es limitado. Objetivo: Desarrollar un modelo de predicción pronóstica para náuseas y vómito posoperatorios en pacientes embarazadas, llevadas a cesárea bajo anestesia espinal. Métodos: En una cohorte de 703 pacientes con embarazo a término programadas para cesárea, se evaluaron 15 variables de forma prospectiva para construir un modelo de predicción pronóstica para el desarrollo de náuseas y vómito posoperatorio. Se utilizó el análisis de regresión logística para la construcción del modelo y se calculó su calibración y discriminación con la prueba de Hosmer-Lemeshow, las curvas de calibración y el estadístico C. Además, se realizó la calibración interna con el método de remuestreo Bootstrap. Resultados: Las náuseas y vómito posoperatorio se presentaron en el 27% de las pacientes durante las primeras seis horas después de la cirugía. El modelo incluyó como variables pro-nósticas el desarrollo de náuseas y vómito en el intraoperatorio, edad menor de 28 años, antecedentes de NVPO, índice de masa corporal (IMC) de la madre y el peso del recién nacido. El modelo mostró una adecuada calibración (x2: 4,65 p: 0,5888), aunque una baja discriminación (Estadístico C = 0,68). Conclusiones: Se construyó un modelo de predicción pronóstica para el desarrollo de NVPO en cirugía cesárea, y con este se construyó una escala pronóstica que permite clasificar a las pacientes por grupos de riesgo.

Avances y desafíos de la protección radiológica en cardiología intervencionista pediátrica para Chile entre los años 2013-2021 / Updating radiological protection for interventional procedures in pediatric cardiology in Chile

RESUMEN: En el año 2013, se publicó un artículo acerca de lo realizado en Chile en temas de protección radiológica en cardiología intervencionista (CI) pediátrica. A continuación se muestra el trabajo de continuidad realizado en los últimos 8 años, destacando los principales resultados alcanzados y proponiendo mejoras en la seguridad y protección radiológica en esta práctica clínica. Desde el año 2013 se han seguido evaluando en términos de dosis de radiación y calidad de imagen, los sistemas de rayos X utilizados en Chile para procedimientos de CI pediátricos y, en particular, los equipos de los servicios de los Hospitales Luis Calvo Mackenna y Roberto del Rio. Se han medido las tasas de dosis de radiación dispersa a la posición habitual de los ojos y tobillos de los cardiólogos que operan los equipos de rayos X. También contamos con un conjunto de "Niveles de Referencia para Diagnóstico" clasificados por rangos de edad y peso, junto con la estimación de valores de dosis por órgano y dosis efectiva para los pacientes. Podemos afirmar que, actualmente, contamos con una metodología consolidada para caracterizar, en términos de dosis y calidad de imagen, los sistemas de rayos X. Sin embargo, sigue pendiente actualizar la normativa nacional que regula el uso seguro de las radiaciones ionizantes en medicina, como también aspectos de formación en protección radiológica para el personal médico implicado.

ABSRSCT: An article on the status of radiological protection during procedures of interventional cardiology in pediatric patients in Chile was published in 2013. The present article relates the continuing efforts to improve radiological protection highlighting their results and proposing additional measures to improve radiological protection during the procedure. Since 2013 we have continued the evaluation of radiation doses, image quality, and X Ray systems used in Chile. We have measured diffused radiation dose at operator´s eye and ankle levels to elaborate a "Reference guide" according to patient´s age and weight. However, we still lack a national regulatory norm for the X Ray systems to be used and for the appropriate training of those involved in procedures of interventional cardiology in pediatric patients.

Dinámica de contaminación de pasturas con huevos de nematodos gastrointestinales de bovinos en el Valle de Lerma, Salta / Dynamics of pasture contamination with bovine gastrointestinal nematode eggs in the Lerma Valley, Argentina

Resumen El Valle de Lerma (VDL) es una región ubicada en la parte central de la provincia de Salta, República Argentina, la cual da origen a la mayor parte de la producción láctea provincial. La nematodiasis gastrointestinal es uno de los problemas sanitarios de mayor impacto económico en los sistemas productivos de base pastoril. El objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la variación estacional de la eliminación de huevos y géneros de nematodos al medio ambiente. Mensualmente se tomaron muestras de materia fecal en bovinos de recría para conteo de huevos por gramo (HPG) y coprocultivo para determinación de géneros en tres establecimientos ganaderos de la región. En todos ellos se observaron dos picos en los valores medios de HPG, que ocurrieron entre principios de verano y fines de otoño. Los géneros/especies más prevalentes fueron Cooperia pectinata, Haemonchus spp. y Cooperia punctata, seguidos por Oesophagostomum spp., Trichostrongylus spp. y Ostertagia spp. Estos resultados aportan nueva evidencia al conocimiento de la epidemiología de los nematodos gastrointestinales de los bovinos en la región del VDL.

Abstract The Lerma Valley (LV) is a region located in the central part of the province of Salta, Argentine Republic. The largest dairy production in the province originates in this region. Gastrointestinal nematodiasis is one of the health problems with the greatest economic impact in pastoral-based production systems. The objective of the present work was to characterize the seasonal variation of the elimination of eggs and genera of nematodes to the environment. Fecal matter samples were taken from rearing cattle to count eggs per gram (Epg) and culture for gender determination monthly in three farms in the region. In these, it was possible to observe that the Epg values ​​showed two peaks, which occurred between the beginning of summer and the end of autumn. Regarding the genera/species, the most prevalent were Cooperia pectinata, Haemonchus sp. and Cooperia punctata, followed by Oesophagostomum spp., Trichostrongylus spp. and Ostertagia spp. These results contribute with new evidence to the knowledge of the epidemiology of gastrointestinal nematodes of cattle in the LV region.

Optimización de la protección en radiología y cardiología intervencionista pediatrica en América Latina y el Caribe (OPRIPALC) / Optimization of protection in pediatric interventional cardiology and radiology in Latin America and the Caribbean (OPRIPALC)

El objetivo del presente artículo ha sido describir el programa "Optimización de la Protección en Radiología Intervencionista Pediátrica en América Latina y el Caribe" (OPRIPALC) que nace el año 2018 como respuesta conjunta de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud y la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en cooperación con el Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica, para colaborar con sus Estados miembros en asegurar que las exposiciones a la radiación de los pacientes pediátricos sean las mínimas necesarias durante los procedimientos intervencionistas. Actualmente, hay 18 centros de los siguientes 10 países que participan: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, México, Perú y Uruguay. Para el desarrollo del programa se plantean una serie de objetivos, productos, actividades y resultados esperados. La puesta en marcha de la WEB de OPRIPALC ha significado un instrumento muy válido para seguir la información actualizada del programa. Un programa actualizado de formación en radioprotección para los profesionales implicados en el programa, se está realizando por medio de "webinars". Se deberá seguir actuando en la aplicación del programa de control de calidad básico para los equipos de rayos X participantes y validar los valores de los Niveles de Referencia para Diagnóstico (NRDs). Se propone formar un equipo de trabajo entre los Físicos Médicos y Tecnólogos Médicos participantes de OPRIPALC para implicarse en las pruebas de control básicas que todos los centros debieran realizar. Se han presentado algunos resultados iniciales de OPRIPALC en eventos científicos internacionales. Se está avanzando en proponer unos primeros valores sobre NRDs en procedimientos de intervencionismo cardiológico pediátrico por bandas de edad y peso. OPRIPALC es una de las pocas iniciativas de carácter regional para obtener valores de NRDs en procedimientos intervencionistas pediátricos. Se espera que tanto los valores de referencia como la metodología empleada en OPRIPALC, puedan ser utilizados en otras regiones del mundo.

The objective of this article has been to describe the program "Optimization of Protection in Pediatric Interventional Radiology in Latin America and the Caribbean" (OPRIPALC) that was born in 2018 as a joint response of the Pan American Health Organization and the World Organization of the Health, in cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency, to collaborate with its member states in ensuring that radiation exposures of pediatric patients are the minimum necessary during interventional procedures. Currently, there are 18 centers from the following 10 countries participating: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay. For the development of the program, a series of objectives, products, activities and expected results are proposed. The launch of the OPRIPALC WEBSITE has been a very valid instrument for following up-to-date information on the program. An updated training program in radiation protection for the professionals involved in the program is being carried out through webinars. It should continue acting in the application of the basic quality control program for the participating X-ray equipment and validate the values of the Diagnostic Reference Levels (DRLs). It is proposed to form a work team among the OPRIPALC participating medical physicists to get involved in the basic control tests that all centers should carry out. Some initial results of OPRIPALC have been presented at international scientific events. Progress is being made in proposing first values on DRLs in pediatric cardiac intervention procedures by age and weight bands. OPRIPALC is one of the few regional initiatives to obtain DRLs values in pediatric interventional procedures. It is expected that both the reference values and the methodology used in OPRIPALC can be used in other regions of the world.

Predictive models of infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Having reliable predictive models of prognosis/the risk of infection in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients would allow this problem to be addressed on an individual basis to study and implement possible preventive or therapeutic interventions. OBJECTIVE: To identify and analyze all predictive models of prognosis/the risk of infection in patients with SLE that exist in medical literature. METHODS: A structured search in PubMed, Embase, and LILACS databases was carried out until May 9, 2020. In addition, a search for abstracts in the American Congress of Rheumatology (ACR) and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) annual meetings' archives published over the past eight years was also conducted. Studies on developing, validating or updating predictive prognostic models carried out in patients with SLE, in which the outcome to be predicted is some type of infection, that were generated in any clinical context and with any time horizon were included. There were no restrictions on language, date, or status of the publication. To carry out the systematic review, the CHARMS (Critical Appraisal and Data Extraction for Systematic Reviews of Prediction Modelling Studies) guideline recommendations were followed. The PROBAST tool (A Tool to Assess the Risk of Bias and Applicability of Prediction Model Studies) was used to assess the risk of bias and the applicability of each model. RESULTS: We identified four models of infection prognosis in patients with SLE. Mostly, there were very few events per candidate predictor. In addition, to construct the models, an initial selection was made based on univariate analyses with no contraction of the estimated coefficients being carried out. This suggests that the proposed models have a high probability of overfitting and being optimistic. CONCLUSIONS: To date, very few prognostic models have been published on the infection of SLE patients. These models are very heterogeneous and are rated as having a high risk of bias and methodological weaknesses. Despite the widespread recognition of the frequency and severity of infections in SLE patients, there is no reliable predictive prognostic model that facilitates the study and implementation of personalized preventive or therapeutic measures.Protocol registration number: PROSPERO CRD42020171638.

Colangitis esclerosante primaria. Una revisión narrativa / Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis. A narrative review

RESUMEN La colangitis esclerosante primaria (CEP) es una patología hepática crónica y rara que se caracteriza por la inflamación y fibrosis de los conductos biliares, cuya evolución puede llevar a la cirrosis, hipertensión portal y enfermedad hepática en etapa terminal. Su etiología es desconocida, pero se ha relacionado con factores genéticos y autoinflamatorios. Además, tiene una relación muy estrecha con la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII). Su presentación clínica es muy inespecífica, sus principales síntomas son el prurito y la fatiga. La prueba estándar para su diagnóstico es la colangiopancreatografía por resonancia magnética (CPRM), donde se observa un aspecto anular ocasionado por estenosis multifocales cortas con segmentos alternos normales o dilatados. Actualmente, no existe ningún tratamiento farmacológico que logre prolongar la supervivencia sin un trasplante de hígado en la CEP. Sólo se puede hacer tratamiento sintomático, especialmente del prurito. El único manejo curativo con el que se cuenta hoy en día es el trasplante hepático, aunque existe un riesgo de recurrencia de la enfermedad. Es muy importante la vigilancia de los trastornos inflamatorios intestinales, la malignidad y la enfermedad metabólica ósea en estos pacientes. Se ha visto que algunos factores, como el diagnóstico temprano, son de buen pronóstico para la enfermedad.

SUMMARY Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare, chronic liver pathology characterized by inflammation and fibrosis of the bile ducts, whose evolution can lead to cirrhosis, portal hypertension and end-stage liver disease. Its etiology is unknown, but it has been related to genetic and autoinflammatory factors. In addition, it has a very close relationship with inflammatory bowel disease. Its clinical presentation is nonspecific, the main symptoms are pruritus and fatigue. The standard test for diagnosis is magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP), where an annular aspect is observed caused by short multifocal stenoses with alternating normal or dilated segments. Currently, there is no pharmacological treatment that can prolong the survival without liver transplantation in PSC. Symptomatic treatment is warranted, especially for pruritus. The only curative treatment that is currently available is liver transplantation, although there is a risk of recurrence of the disease. The monitoring of intestinal inflammatory disorders (IID), malignancy and metabolic bone disease in these patients is very important. It has been seen that some factors, such as early diagnosis, are good prognosis for the disease.

[Association between early miscarriage and Chlamydia trachomatis infection in Aguascalientes, Mexico]. / Asociación entre aborto temprano e infección por Chlamydia trachomatis en Aguascalientes, México.

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis infection in women has been strongly associated with early membrane rupture and pre-term labor; however, the evidence linking Chlamydia trachomatis infection and early miscarriage is inconsistent. Objective: To determine if there is an association between Chlamydia trachomatis infection and early abortion in a group of women from Aguascalientes, Mexico. Material and methods: 108 early abortion product samples were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction technique, along with 42 samples that belonged to 42 patients with a normal pregnancy, in order to determine the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis. The strength of association between early abortion and Chlamydia trachomatis infection was measured with odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Chlamydia trachomatis infection was positive in 39 of 150 patients (26%), in 37 of 108 women with early abortion (34%) and in two of 42 of women with uneventful control pregnancies (4.7%) (p = 0.002). We observed a positive association between the risk of early miscarriage and Chlamydia trachomatis infection (OR = 10.42, 95% CI, 2.39 45.54, p = 0.002). Conclusions: We found a higher frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis infection than the one previously reported in our country, and a higher risk of early abortion for Chlamydia trachomatis infection (10.42) in pregnant women, which suggests the necessity of including the molecular study of this pathogen in women in prenatal control.

Introducción: la infección por Chlamydia trachomatis es un factor de riesgo bien establecido en pacientes con ruptura prematura de membranas y parto prematuro; sin embargo, su papel en el riesgo de aborto temprano es incierto. Objetivo: determinar si existe asociación entre la presencia de infección por Chlamydia trachomatis y aborto temprano en un grupo de mujeres de Aguascalientes, México. Material y métodos: se estudiaron muestras de 108 productos de aborto temprano y 42 pacientes con embarazo normal mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de punto final para determinar la presencia de Chlamydia trachomatis. Se evaluó la magnitud de la asociación entre aborto temprano e infección por este microrganismo con razón de momios (RM) e intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95%). Un valor de p < 0.05 se consideró significativo. Resultados: se encontró Chlamydia trachomatis en 39 de las 150 pacientes (26%), en 37 de 108 mujeres con aborto temprano (34.2%) y en dos de 42 mujeres con embarazo normal (4.7%) (p = 0.002). Se observó asociación positiva del riesgo de aborto temprano e infección por Chlamydia trachomatis con RM de 10.42, IC 95%: 2.39 45.54, p = 0.002. Conclusiones: encontramos una frecuencia de infección por Chlamydia trachomatis más elevada que la reportada previamente en nuestro país y un riesgo significativamente mayor de aborto temprano en mujeres embarazadas con esta infección (10.42), lo que sugiere la necesidad de incluir el estudio molecular de este patógeno en mujeres en control prenatal.

Microscopic and submicroscopic Plasmodium infections in indigenous and non-indigenous communities in Colombia.

BACKGROUND: The indigenous population is considered a highly susceptible group to malaria because individuals usually live in areas with high exposure to Anopheles and poverty, and have limited access to health services. There is a great diversity of indigenous communities in Colombia living in malaria-endemic areas; however, the burden of infection in these populations has not been studied extensively. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Plasmodium infections in indigenous and non-indigenous communities in two malaria-endemic areas in Colombia. METHODS: A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in seven villages of Turbo and El Bagre municipalities; three of these villages were indigenous communities. Inhabitants of all ages willing to participate were included. Sociodemographic and clinical data were recorded as well as household information. The parasitological diagnosis was performed by microscopy and nested PCR. The prevalence of microscopy and submicroscopic infection was estimated. An adjusted GEE model was used to explore risk factors associated with the infection. RESULTS: Among 713 participants, 60.7% were from indigenous communities. Plasmodium spp. was detected in 30 subjects (4.2%, CI 95% 2.9-5.9); from those, 29 were in the indigenous population, 47% of infections were afebrile, and most of them submicroscopic (10/14). Microscopic and submicroscopic prevalence was 2.5% (CI 95% 1.6-3.9) and 1.7% (CI 95% 0.9-2.9), respectively. In El Bagre, all infections occurred in indigenous participants (3.9%, CI 95% 2.2-7.1), and 81% were submicroscopic. By contrast, in Turbo, the highest prevalence occurred in indigenous people (11.5%; CI 95%: 7.3-17.5), but 88.8% were microscopic. Living in an indigenous population increased the prevalence of infection compared with a non-indigenous population (PR 19.4; CI 95% 2.3-166.7). CONCLUSION: There is a high proportion of Plasmodium infection in indigenous communities. A substantial proportion of asymptomatic and submicroscopic carriers were detected. The identification of these infections, not only in indigenous but also in the non-indigenous population, as well as their associated factors, could help to implement specific malaria strategies for each context.

Initial Experience in Chile with Stent Implantation in the Right Ventricle Outflow Tract in High-Risk Patients with Tetralogy of Fallot.

Tetralogy of Fallot (ToF) treatment is difficult in patients with surgical risk factors or unfavorable anatomy. Stent implantation in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) is an option for these patients. We report our initial experience in Chile with RVOT stenting in patients with ToF. Retrospective and descriptive study conducted in three pediatric cardiovascular centers in Chile between 2012 and 2015, including all ToF patients with stent in the RVOT as first procedure. Clinical records, echocardiographic, interventional, and surgical reports were reviewed for demographics and information of RVOT and pulmonary arteries. 12 newborns with ToF were included (75% female). Median age was 20 days (1-70) and mean weight was 2178 g (1400-3414). Saturations increased after the procedure from 74.3% (55-88) to 88.5% (80-98%), (p < 0.01). No complications or mortality were related to interventions. Follow-up was 11 months (7-36). Median right and left pulmonary arteries Z-score increased from - 4.0 (- 5.2 to - 0.3) and - 1.5 (- 4.8 to - 0.26) to + 0.53 (0.0 to 2.2) and + 1.1 (0.5 to 2.9), (p < 0.05), respectively. Nakata index increased from 63 mm2/mm2 (35 to 143) to 162 mm2/mm2 (107 to 197), (p < 0.05). Surgical repair was performed at a median of 4 months (2-7). Transannular patch repair was necessary in all patients and there was no surgical mortality. RVOT stenting is a safe and useful option for patients with ToF and surgical risk factors or unfavorable anatomy. It increases the pulmonary blood flow, improving saturation and pulmonary artery growth as a bridge for surgical repair.

Código azul, histerotomía de reanimación en embarazo de término: reporte de un caso / Blue Code, resuscitative hysterotomy on a term pregnancy: a case report

Resumen: ANTECEDENTES: El paro cardiorrespiratorio durante el embarazo es un evento poco común, ocurre en 1 de cada 12,500 a 30,000 gestaciones, con una tasa de supervivencia de 17-59%. CASO CLÍNICO: Paciente de 23 años, con evolución normal del embarazo de 41.2 semanas; acudió a la consulta de Urgencias por actividad uterina irregular. Durante la conducción del trabajo de parto, y después de la analgesia espinal, tuvo un paro cardiorrespiratorio. Se le aplicaron las maniobras de reanimación básicas y monitoreo de la asistolia; a los 4 minutos se le practicaron: histerotomía de reanimación y retorno espontáneo de la circulación. La paciente requirió cuidados inmediatos, con seguimiento y tratamiento en terapia intensiva obstétrica durante 1 mes; fue dada de alta con mínimo daño de las funciones mentales, con restablecimiento íntegro de las mismas a los 3 meses de seguimiento. CONCLUSIONES: Debido a las implicaciones éticas y características de la enfermedad, no existe un modelo experimental para establecer las medidas durante la reanimación cardiopulmonar en el embarazo; por tanto, se implementan con base en la revisión de casos y estudios de la fisiología cardiovascular en esta etapa fisiológica de la vida. El apego y seguimiento de las recomendaciones establecidas se asocian con buen desenlace y pronóstico para la madre y su hijo, como sucedió en el caso aquí reportado.

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Cardiorespiratory arrest during pregnancy is a rare event that occurs in 1 in 12,500 to 30,000 pregnancies, with a survival rate of 17-59%. CLINICAL CASE: We report the case of a 23-year-old female patient, late-term pregnancy and labor. During labor conduction and after spinal analgesia, she presented cardiorespiratory arrest. After the start of basic resuscitation maneuvers, monitoring, and confirmed asystole, advanced maneuvers were started, culminating at 4 minutes with resuscitation hysterotomy and a subsequent spontaneous return of circulation. The patient required immediate post-arrest cares with follow-up and management in the intensive obstetric care unit for one month, after which the patient was discharged with minimal compromise of her superior mental functions; after 3 months of out clinic follow-up, the patient was healthy and her superior functions deemed to have been fully restored. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the ethical implications and characteristics of the pathology, there are no experimental models to establish measures during cardiopulmonary resuscitation in pregnancy, they are developed based on the review of clinical cases and the study of cardiovascular physiology during pregnancy. In this case report, we conclude that adhering to the established recommendations were associated with a good outcome and prognosis for both mother and child.

Plasma Levels of Free Fatty Acids in Women with Gestational Diabetes and Its Intrinsic and Extrinsic Determinants: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Free fatty acids, also known as nonesterified fatty acids, are proinflammatory molecules that induce insulin resistance in nonpregnant individuals. Nevertheless, the concentration of these molecules has not been systematically addressed in pregnant women. OBJECTIVE: This meta-analysis is aimed at evaluating the difference in free fatty acid plasma levels between women with gestational diabetes and healthy pregnant controls and their intrinsic and extrinsic determinants. METHODS: We performed a systematic search to find relevant studies published in English and Spanish using PubMed, SCOPUS, and ISI Web of Knowledge. We included observational studies measuring the mean plasma levels of free fatty acids among gestational diabetes and healthy pregnant women, with at least ten subjects being analyzed in each group. The standardized mean difference (SMD) by random effects modeling was used. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran's Q, H, and I 2 statistics. RESULTS: Among the 290 identified studies, twelve were selected for analysis. A total of 2426 women were included, from which 21% were diagnosed as having gestational diabetes. There were significantly higher levels of free fatty acids among women with gestational diabetes (SMD: 0.86; 0.54-1.18; p < 0.001) when compared to healthy pregnant controls and between-study heterogeneity (I 2 = 91%). The metaregression analysis showed that the gestational age at inclusion was the only cofactor influencing the mean levels of free fatty acids, indicating a trend towards lower plasma levels of free fatty acids later in gestation (estimate: -0.074; -0.143 to -0.004; p = 0.036). No significant publication bias was found nor a trend towards greater results in small studies. CONCLUSIONS: Women with gestational diabetes have higher levels of free fatty acids when compared to healthy pregnant controls. More investigation is needed to assess the potential role of free fatty acids in the prediction of gestational diabetes earlier in pregnancy.

Validation of the sixth version of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6) for patients in a clinical population of Colombia / Validación de la sexta edición del Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6) (ISA-6) en población clínica de Colombia.

Introduction: The Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6) is recommended for identifying the needs of addicted patients and assessing the effectiveness of a program. Objective: To develop a version of the ASI-6 suitable for Colombia and trans-linguistically and trans-culturally equivalent to the original. Additionally, this study also sought to assess the reliability and construct validity of the resulting version. Materials and methods: The study included Colombian adults with harmful substance use or dependence syndrome who were being treated at drug addiction centers. The original English version underwent a cultural adaptation process. The scale was translated and back-translated to assess its equivalence. Reliability was assessed in terms of internal consistency and interrater and test-retest reliability. The convergent aspect of the construct validity was assessed via the correlation of the instrument with other scales measuring similar underlying constructs. Results: We found an adequate internal consistency for the subscales of the ASI-6 for its Cronbach´s alpha coefficient was above 0.7 with the exception of the social problems subscale (α=0.66). In addition, interrater and test-retest reliability was high, since their intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was above 0.7 for all the subscales. Construct validity was demonstrated by a Spearman correlation coefficient ranging from 0.53 to 0.88 between the ASI-6 subscales and other similar scales. Conclusion: The version of the ASI-6 adapted to the Colombian context was found to have good reliability and validity, thus it can be introduced into clinical practice. However, additional studies are needed to evaluate its responsiveness and structural validity.

Introducción. Se recomienda el uso del Addicition Severity Index en su sexta versión (ASI-6) para establecer las necesidades del paciente con adicciones y evaluar la efectividad de los programas. Objetivo. Desarrollar una versión para Colombia del ASI-6 garantizando la equivalencia translingüística y transcultural, y evaluar su confiabilidad y la validez de constructo. Materiales y métodos. En el estudio se incluyeron adultos con trastornos debidos al uso de sustancias bajo tratamiento en centros de atención de la drogodependencia. Se adaptó la versión en español con base en la original en inglés y, posteriormente, se tradujo al inglés la versión así adaptada para determinar su equivalencia. Se evaluó la confiabilidad en cuanto a la consistencia interna, así como la reproducibilidad prueba-reprueba y la confiabilidad interevaluador. La validez convergente del constructo se comprobó mediante la correlación con cuestionarios que miden constructos similares a los subyacentes a cada subescala del ISA-6. Resultados. Se encontró una consistencia interna adecuada, con un alfa de Cronbach por encima de 0,7 en todas las subescalas, excepto la "Social" (α=0,66). La confiabilidad entre evaluadores y de la prueba-reprueba fueron altas, con coeficientes de correlación intraclase mayores de 0,7 en todas las subescalas. El aspecto convergente de la validez de constructo se demostró al obtener coeficientes de correlación de Spearman entre 0,53 y 0,88 en las subescalas del ISA-6 comparadas con cuestionarios que miden constructos similares. Conclusión. La versión del ISA-6 adaptada al contexto colombiano evidenció una confiabilidad y una validez de constructo adecuadas, por lo que puede introducirse en la clínica, aunque se requieren estudios para conocer su sensibilidad al cambio y su validez estructural.

Validación de la sexta edición del Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6) (ISA-6) en población clínica de Colombia / Validation of the sixth version of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6) for patients in a clinical population of Colombia

Resumen Introducción. Se recomienda el uso del Addicition Severity Index en su sexta versión (ASI- 6) para establecer las necesidades del paciente con adicciones y evaluar la efectividad de los programas. Objetivo. Desarrollar una versión para Colombia del ASI-6 garantizando la equivalencia translingüística y transcultural, y evaluar su confiabilidad y la validez de constructo. Materiales y métodos. En el estudio se incluyeron adultos con trastornos debidos al uso de sustancias bajo tratamiento en centros de atención de la drogodependencia. Se adaptó la versión en español con base en la original en inglés y, posteriormente, se tradujo al inglés la versión así adaptada para determinar su equivalencia. Se evaluó la confiabilidad en cuanto a la consistencia interna, así como la reproducibilidad prueba-reprueba y la confiabilidad interevaluador. La validez convergente del constructo se comprobó mediante la correlación con cuestionarios que miden constructos similares a los subyacentes a cada subescala del ISA-6. Resultados. Se encontró una consistencia interna adecuada, con un alfa de Cronbach por encima de 0,7 en todas las subescalas, excepto la "Social" (α=0,66). La confiabilidad entre evaluadores y de la prueba-reprueba fueron altas, con coeficientes de correlación intraclase mayores de 0,7 en todas las subescalas. El aspecto convergente de la validez de constructo se demostró al obtener coeficientes de correlación de Spearman entre 0,53 y 0,88 en las subescalas del ISA-6 comparadas con cuestionarios que miden constructos similares. Conclusión. La versión del ISA-6 adaptada al contexto colombiano evidenció una confiabilidad y una validez de constructo adecuadas, por lo que puede introducirse en la clínica, aunque se requieren estudios para conocer su sensibilidad al cambio y su validez estructural.

Abstract Introduction: The Addiction Severity Index (ASI-6) is recommended for identifying the needs of addicted patients and assessing the effectiveness of a program. Objective: To develop a version of the ASI-6 suitable for Colombia and trans-linguistically and trans-culturally equivalent to the original. Additionally, this study also sought to assess the reliability and construct validity of the resulting version. Materials and methods: The study included Colombian adults with harmful substance use or dependence syndrome who were being treated at drug addiction centers. The original English version underwent a cultural adaptation process. The scale was translated and back-translated to assess its equivalence. Reliability was assessed in terms of internal consistency and interrater and test-retest reliability. The convergent aspect of the construct validity was assessed via the correlation of the instrument with other scales measuring similar underlying constructs. Results: We found an adequate internal consistency for the subscales of the ASI-6 for its Cronbach´s alpha coefficient was above 0.7 with the exception of the social problems subscale (α=0.66). In addition, interrater and test-retest reliability was high, since their intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was above 0.7 for all the subscales. Construct validity was demonstrated by a Spearman correlation coefficient ranging from 0.53 to 0.88 between the ASI-6 subscales and other similar scales. Conclusion: The version of the ASI-6 adapted to the Colombian context was found to have good reliability and validity, thus it can be introduced into clinical practice. However, additional studies are needed to evaluate its responsiveness and structural validity.

Single trans-septal access technique for left atrial intracardiac echocardiography to guide left atrial appendage closure.

OBJECTIVE: This registry aimed to describe the safety and feasibility of a single trans-septal (TS) access technique for left intracardiac echocardiography (ICE) guidance of left-atrial appendage (LAA) closure procedure. BACKGROUND: LAA closure is currently accepted as an alternative to oral anticoagulation (OAC) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) who are at high-risk for bleeding. Currently, LAA closure procedure is typically performed under trans-esophageal echocardiogram (TEE) guidance. Although, ICE has the advantage of not requiring profound sedation/anesthesia, ICE-LAA imaging quality is often limited from the right atrium requiring double TS access. METHODS: Twenty-two patients with NVAF underwent LAA closure using the Amplatzer Amulet™ device (St Jude Medical) under ICE guidance from the left atrium. The ICE AcuNav catheter (Biosense Webster) and the Amulet delivery sheath were advanced into the LA through single TS puncture technique. RESULTS: The population was predominately male (59.1%) with a mean age of 74 ± 9.3 years, at high-risk for stroke (mean CHADS2 score of 3.8 ± 1.1) and bleeding (mean HAS BLED score of 3.5 ± 1.3). The Amplatzer AmuletTM device was successfully implanted in all patients. No procedural related complications including device embolization were noted. No major cardiovascular events occurred and all patients were discharged alive. At 30-day follow-up all patients remained alive, free of ischemic stroke and with no residual leak or device thrombus on TEE. CONCLUSIONS: This initial experience suggests that LAA occlusion with the Amplatzer Amulet device using ICE guidance from the left atrium via a single trans-septal technique is feasible and safe.

Utilidad y eficacia de la clasificación de Robson para disminuir la tasa de cesáreas / Utility and efficacy of Robson's classification to reduce the rate of cesareas

Resumen Objetivo: Evaluar la eficacia y utilidad de la clasificación de Robson en la reducción de la práctica de cesáreas. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo y de corte transversal efectuado en pacientes de nivel socioeconómico medio y bajo atendidas entre enero y diciembre de 2016 en un hospital de segundo nivel. Para clasificar a las pacientes, según sus características obstétricas, se aplicó el modelo de Robson. Resultados: Se estudiaron 374 pacientes embarazadas; de ellas 91 (24.3%) terminaron la gestación mediante cesárea. Los grupos de Robson con mayor contribución al porcentaje de cesáreas fueron: grupo 1 con 50.5%, grupo 2 con 29.8% y grupo 10 con 8.7%. El grupo 5 reportó que 62.7% de los embarazos terminaron mediante parto. El 89.8% de las pacientes ingresó con trabajo de parto espontáneo. Las principales indicaciones de cesárea fueron, en el grupo 1, trabajo de parto estacionario; en el grupo 2, cesárea iterativa y en el grupo 10, feto pretérmino. Conclusiones: La aplicación del modelo de clasificación de Robson es útil y práctica para identificar los grupos de pacientes en los que es posible disminuir el porcentaje de cesáreas.

Abstract Objective: Evaluate the effectiveness and usefulness of the Robson classification to reduce the practice of cesarean sections. Materials and methods: Observational, descriptive, retrospective and cross section was made in patients of medium and low socioeconomic status attended between January and December 2016 in a second level hospital. For classify the patients, according to their obstetric characteristics, the model of Robson was applied. Results: 374 pregnant patients were studied; in 91 (24.3%) the pregnancy ended by caesarean section. The Robson groups with the greatest percentage contribution of caesarean sections were: group 1 with 50.5%, group 2 with 29.8% and group 10 with 8.7%. Group 5 reported that 62.7% of pregnancies ended by delivery; 89.8% of the patients was admitted with spontaneous labor. The main Cesarean indications were, in group 1, stationary labor; at group 2, iterative caesarean section and group 10, preterm fetus. Conclusions: The application of the Robson classification model is useful and practice to identify groups of patients in who it is possible to decrease the percentage of cesareans.

Validación del cuestionario de 90 síntomas SCL-90-R de Derogatis en una muestra clínica colombiana / Validation of Derogatis' Questionnaire of 90 Symtoms (SCL-90-R) in a Colombian clinical sample / Validação do teste dos 90 síntomas SCL-90-R de Derogatis em uma amostra clínica colombiana

Introducción. El cuestionario de comprobación de 90 síntomas (SCL­90­R) se utiliza, con frecuencia, en la exploración de la salud mental. Sin embargo, no existen estudios sobre su validez ni sobre la sensibilidad al cambio en la población clínica colombiana. El objetivo es establecer las propiedades estructurales y psicométricas del SCL­90­R para muestras clínicas colombianas e identificar diferencias con relación al género y a la sensibilidad de cambio. Metodología. Diseño longitudinal con tres meses de diferencia entre la primera y la segunda observación. Participaron 214 pacientes que asistían a consultas (51.9% hombres y 43.1% mujeres), con edad media de 26 años (desviación 11.3). Se realizó tanto el análisis factorial confirmatorio como el exploratorio para buscar los mejores índices de validez. Instrumentos: El SCL­90­R y el cuestionario sociodemográfico y de características de la psicoterapia. Resultados. Se identificaron adecuados niveles de confiabilidad con alfas de Cronbach entre 0.74 y 0.90. El análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró índices de bondad de ajuste bajos: Índices de bondad de ajuste comparativo = 0.67, Índice de Tucker-Lewis = 0.65 e Índice de ajuste normalizado = 0.508, y valor de la aproximación del error cuadrático medio de 0.068. La solución final del análisis factorial exploratorio mostró un índice Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin de 0.92 y un resultado significativo en la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett (Chi cuadrado = 3,682.9; gl = 603, valor p < 0.001). Esta estructura incluyó 36 ítems para una razón de tamaño de muestra/ítems igual a 5.9 y representó el 60.7% de la varianza total, con siete de los nueve factores que contiene el cuestionario original: depresión, obsesiones y compulsiones, somatización, ansiedad, hostilidad, ansiedad fóbica e ideación paranoide. Se identificaron para ambas versiones adecuados índices de sensibilidad al cambio. Con relación a las diferencias según el género, se reportaron diferencias significativas en algunos factores, con puntuaciones superiores en las mujeres; para el cuestionario original se identificaron diferencias en el factor ansiedad y en el cuestionario abreviado, en el factor depresión y hostilidad. Conclusiones. El cuestionario original reportó adecuados niveles de confiabilidad. El cuestionario abreviado, que se generó a través del análisis factorial exploratorio, reportó adecuados niveles tanto de confiabilidad como de validez. Ambas versiones del cuestionario presentaron sensibilidad para detectar cambios en un segundo momento de la evaluación. [Londoño NH, Agudelo DM, Martínez E, Anguila D, Aguirre DC, Arias JF. Validación de la escala de 90 síntomas SCL-90-R de Derogatis en una muestra clínica colombiana. MedUNAB. 2018;21(2):45-59. doi:10.29375/01237047.2807].

Introduction. Questionnaire of 90 symptoms (SCL-90-R) is frequently used in the exploration of mental health, but there are no studies on its validity or sensitivity to change in Colombian clinical population. The objective is to establish the structural and psychometric properties of SCL-90-R for Colombian clinical samples, and to identify differences in relation to gender and sensitivity to change. Methodology. Longitudinal design with a three-month difference between the first and second observation. 214 patients participated (51.9% men and 43.1% women), with a mean age of 26 years (deviation 11.3). Both the confirmatory factorial analysis and the exploratory one were carried out to search for the best validity indexes. Instruments: SCL-90-R, and sociodemographic questionnaire and characteristics of psychotherapy. Results. Levels of reliability were identified as adequate with Cronbach alphas 0.74 to 0.90. The confirmatory factor analysis showed low goodness of fit on the indexes: Comparative goodness indexes = 0.67, Tucker-Lewis index = 0.65 and normalized adjustment index = 0.508, and approximate value of the mean square error of 0.068. The final solution of the exploratory factor analysis showed a Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin index of 0.92 and a significant result in the Bartlett sphericity test (Chi square = 3,682.9, gl = 603, p-value < 0.001). This structure included 36 items for a sample/item size ratio = 5.9 and explained 60.7% of the total variance, with seven of the nine factors that the original questionnaire contains: depression, obsessions/compulsions, somatization, anxiety, hostility, phobic anxiety and paranoid ideation. Indices of sensitivity to change were identified for both versions. Regarding the difference according to sex, significant differences were reported in some factors, with higher scores in women; for the original questionnaire, differences were found in the anxiety factor, and on the abbreviated questionnaire in the depression factor and hostility. Conclusions. The original questionnaire reported adequate levels of reliability. The abbreviated questionnaire, generated through exploratory factor analysis, reported adequate levels of both reliability and validity. Both versions of the scale presented sensitivity to detect changes in a second evaluation moment. [Londoño NH, Agudelo DM, Martínez E, Anguila D, Aguirre DC, Arias JF. Validation of Derogatis' Questionnaire of 90 Symtoms (SCL-90-R) in a Colombian clinical sample. MedUNAB. 2018;21(2):45-59.doi:10.29375/01237047.2807].

Introdução. O teste dos 90 sintomas (SCL-90-R) é freqüentemente usado na avaliação da saúde mental. Entretanto não há estudos sobre sua validade ou sobre a sensibilidade à mudança na população clínica colombiana. O objetivo é estabelecer as propriedades estruturais e psicométricas do SCL-90-R para amostras clínicas colombianas e identificar diferenças em relação a gênero e sensibilidade à mudança. Metodologia. Estudo longitudinal com três meses de diferença entre a primeira e a segunda observação. Participaram 214 pacientes que compareceram às consultas (51.9% homens e 43.1% mulheres), com média de idade de 26 anos (desvio 11.3). Tanto a análise fatorial confirmatória quanto a exploratória foram realizadas para encontrar os melhores índices de validade. Instrumentos: SCL-90-R e o questionário sociodemográfico e de características da psicoterapia. Resultados. Identificamos níveis adequados de confiabilidade com alfa de Cronbach entre 0.74 e 0.90. A análise fatorial confirmatória mostrou baixos índices de bondade de ajuste: índices comparativos de bondade = 0.67, índice de Tucker-Lewis = 0.65 e índice de ajuste normalizado = 0.508 e valor aproximado do erro quadrático médio de 0.068. A solução final da análise fatorial exploratória mostrou um índice de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin de 0.92 e um resultado significativo no teste de esfericidade de Bartlett (qui quadrado = 3,682.9 gl = 603, valor de p < 0.001). Essa estrutura incluiu 36 itens para uma razão de tamanho de amostra / item = 5.9 e representou 60.7% da variância total, com sete dos nove fatores contidos no teste: depressão, obsessões e compulsões, somatização, ansiedade, hostilidade, ansiedade fóbica e ideação paranóica. Índices adequados de sensibilidade à mudança foram identificados nas duas versões. Em relação às diferenças de acordo com o gênero, foram encontradas diferenças significativas em alguns fatores, com pontuações maiores nas mulheres. No teste original, foram encontradas diferenças no fator ansiedade e no teste adaptado no fator depressão e hostilidade. Conclusões. O teste original relatou níveis adequados de confiabilidade. O teste adaptado que foi gerado através da análise fatorial exploratória, relatou níveis adequados de confiabilidade e validade. Ambas as versões do teste apresentaram sensibilidade para detectar mudanças em um segundo momento da avaliação. [Londoño NH, Agudelo DM, Martínez E, Anguila D, Aguirre DC, Arias JF. Validação do teste dos 90 síntomas SCL-90-R de Derogatis em uma amostra clínica colombiana. MedUNAB. 2018;21(2):45-59. doi:10.29375/01237047.2807].

Frecuencia y caracterización de las principales neoplasias presentes en el perro doméstico en Tamaulipas (México) / Frequency and characterization of the most common neoplasms present in domestic dogs in Tamaulipas (Mexico) / Frequência e caracterização das principais neoplasias presentes no cão doméstico em Tamaulipas (México)

Resumen En México, la investigación sobre oncología veterinaria es escasa. Este es el primer informe sobre las neoplasias más comunes en el perro doméstico en el noreste de México y establece las bases importantes para futuras investigaciones epidemiológicas. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo de 2013 y prospectivo de enero a agosto de 2014, en el Departamento de Patología Animal de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas y en un laboratorio particular. Se analizaron un total de 250 muestras de citopatología e histopatología de tumores o lesiones sugestivas a neoplasias. De estas 213 se diagnosticaron como neoplasias y 37 como procesos no neoplásicos. Las neoplasias malignas fueron más frecuentes que las benignas. Se clasificaron en epiteliales o mesenquimales. Los perros mestizos fueron los más afectados, seguidos por la raza labrador. Las hembras presentaron mayor frecuencia en el desarrollo de tumores, con 145 registros. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba exacta de Fisher, que determinó la existencia de una asociación estadística significativa (p < 0,05) entre la presencia de los cinco tipos de tumores más frecuentes y el sexo, la raza y la edad de los pacientes en el desarrollo de neoplasias. No se observaron diferencias significativas al evaluar el comportamiento del tumor neoplásico con raza y sexo, aunque sí hubo diferencia significativa (p < 0,05) con la edad de los pacientes.

Abstract In Mexico, research on veterinary oncology is scarce. This is the first report on the most common neoplasms in domestic dogs in northeastern Mexico, which establishes important bases for future epidemiological research. A retrospective study covering 2013 and a prospective study from January to August of 2014 was carried out in the Animal Pathology Department of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science at the Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, as well as in a private laboratory. A total of 250 samples of cytopathology and histopathology of tumors or lesions suggestive of neoplasms were analyzed. 213 of them were diagnosed as neoplasms and 37 as non-neoplastic processes. Malignant neoplasms were more frequent than benign ones. They were classified as epithelial or mesenchymal neoplasms. Mixed breed dogs were the most affected, followed by the Labrador breed. Female dogs developed tumors with the highest frequency, with 145 records. For the statistical analysis, Fisher's exact test was used, which determined the existence of a statistically significant association (p < 0.05) between the presence of the five most frequent types of tumors and the patients' sex, race, and age in the development of neoplasms. No significant differences were observed when evaluating the relation of the neoplastic tumor with race and sex, although there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) regarding the patients' age.

Resumo No México, a pesquisa sobre oncologia veterinária é escassa. Este é o primeiro relatório sobre as neoplasias mais comuns no cão doméstico no noroeste do México e estabelece as bases importantes para futuras pesquisas epidemiológicas. Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo de 2013 e prospectivo de janeiro a agosto de 2014, no Departamento de Patologia Animal da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade Autônoma de Tamaulipas, mais um laboratório particular. Analisaram-se em total 250 amostras de cito patologia e histopatologia de tumores ou lesões sugestivas a neoplasias. Destas, 213 se diagnosticaram como neoplasias e 37 como processos não neoplásicos. As neoplasias malignas foram mais frequentes do que as benignas. Classificaram-se em epiteliais ou mesenquimais. Os cães foram os mais afetados, seguidos pela raça labrador. As fêmeas apresentaram maior frequência no desenvolvimento de tumores, com 145 registros. Para a análise estatística se utilizou a prova exata de Fisher, que determinou a existência de uma associação estatística significativa (p < 0,05) entre a presença dos cinco tipos de tumores mais frequentes e o sexo, a raça e a idade dos pacientes no desenvolvimento de neoplasias. Não se observaram diferenças significativas ao avaliar o comportamento do tumor neoplásico com raça e sexo, mesmo havendo uma diferença significativa (p < 0,05) com a idade dos pacientes.