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OBJECTIVE: This work aimed at assessing the peripheral complete blood count during the first trimester of pregnancy in women with spontaneous preterm birth (sPTB) compared with age-matched controls who are women with healthy pregnancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional case-control study, with 175 sPTB and 175 age-matched healthy controls, carried out between January 2019 and December 2019. Baseline data and the complete blood count parameters examined during the first trimester of all the participants were recorded. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate cut-off point and diagnostic characteristics and area under the curve predicting sPTB. RESULTS: White blood count, platelet, lymphocyte, monocyte, and lymphocyte-monocyte ratio values were significantly higher, and platelet-lymphocyte ratio and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio values were lower in sPTB group than healthy control group in the first trimester of pregnancy. Receiver-operator curve analysis suggested that lymphocyte, white blood count, platelet-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, lymphocyte-monocyte ratio, monocyte, and platelet in the first trimester of pregnancy had predictive value for sPTB. The greatest predictive was lymphocyte, and the areas under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROCs) reached 0.853. CONCLUSIONS: Lymphocyte values during the first trimester of pregnancy were the most predictive spontaneous preterm delivery. Therefore, in the management of the higher risk of preterm delivery, lymphocyte values could be a more cost-effective method during the first trimester of pregnancy because it does not need any kit.
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Nacimiento Prematuro , Recuento de Células Sanguíneas , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Embarazo , Primer Trimestre del Embarazo , Nacimiento Prematuro/diagnósticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Intranasal dexmedetomidine provides noninvasive, effective procedural sedation for pediatric patients, and has been widely used in clinical practice. However, the dosage applied has varied fourfold in pediatric clinical studies. To validate an appropriate dosing regimen, this study investigated the pharmacokinetics of intranasal dexmedetomidine in Chinese children under 3 yr old. METHODS: Intranasal dexmedetomidine 2 µg · kg-1 was administered to children with simple vascular malformations undergoing interventional radiological procedures. A population pharmacokinetic analysis with data from an optimized sparse-sampling design was performed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. Clearance was modeled using allometric scaling and a sigmoid postmenstrual age maturation model. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to assess the different dosing regimens. RESULTS: A total of 586 samples from 137 children aged 3 to 36 months were included in the trial. The data were adequately described by a two-compartment model with first-order elimination. Body weight with allometric scaling and maturation function were significant covariates of dexmedetomidine clearance. The pharmacokinetic parameters for the median subjects (weight 10 kg and postmenstrual age 101 weeks) in the authors' study were apparent central volume of distribution 7.55 l, apparent clearance of central compartment 9.92 l · h-1, apparent peripheral volume of distribution 7.80 l, and apparent intercompartmental clearance 61.7 l · h-1. The simulation indicated that at the dose of 2 µg · kg-1, 95% of simulated individuals could achieve a target therapeutic concentration of 0.3 ng · ml-1 within 20 min, and the average peak concentration of 0.563 ng · ml-1 could be attained at 61 min. CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacokinetic characteristics of intranasal dexmedetomidine were evaluated in Chinese pediatric patients aged between 3 and 36 months. An evidence-based dosing regimen at 2 µg · kg-1 could achieve a preset therapeutic threshold of mild to moderate sedation that lasted for up to 2 h.
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Dexmedetomidina , Administración Intranasal , Preescolar , Simulación por Computador , Humanos , Hipnóticos y Sedantes , Lactante , Método de MontecarloRESUMEN
A potential treatment option for chronic and severe motility disorders such as gastroparesis is the implantation of a Gastric Electrical Stimulator (GES), which is designed to modulate the bio-electric slow waves. However, the effectiveness of current GESs remains uncertain since they do not work in a closed-loop by sensing, processing, and modulating the dysrhythmic patterns. This work presents the design of a GES model working in closed-loop with the network of the Interstitial Cells of Cajal (ICC). A pre-existing two-dimensional ICC network is enhanced by proposing an extracellular potential generation model, which can precisely capture the timing behaviour of slow wave propagation pattern of the simulated ICC network. The GES senses the extracellular potential, detects bradygastric patterns and finally modulates the activity to ensure normal conduction. The GES is designed to be practical for ease of validation and implementation.
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Gastroparesia , Arritmias Cardíacas , Electricidad , Gastroparesia/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Prótesis e ImplantesRESUMEN
Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of LOPï¼asparaginase + vincristine + dexamethasoneï¼ chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy in patients with nasal NK/T cell lymphoma. Method:Sixty patients with nasal NK/T cell lymphoma admitted to our hospital from February 2012 to February 2016 were selected as the study subject. They were randomly divided into group A and group B, 30 cases in each group. All patients were treated with combined chemotherapy and IMRTï¼intensity modulated conformal radiotherapyï¼. The LOP regimen was used in group A and the CHOPï¼cyclophosphamide + pirarubicin + vincristine + dexamethasoneï¼ regimen was used in group B. The short-term efficacy, long-term efficacy and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared. Result:The clinical manifestations of 60 patients mainly included nasal obstructionï¼81.67%ï¼, accompanied by fever, headache, nosebleed and runny nose. Forty-one patientsï¼68.33%ï¼ had only one site of lesion, and 21 patientsï¼35.00%ï¼ had multiple sites of lesions. In terms of total remission rate, it was significantly higher in group A than that in group Bï¼93.33% vs. 66.67%, P<0.05ï¼. In terms of adverse reactions, the incidence of bone marrow suppression, gastrointestinal reaction and low-protein reaction was significantly lower in group A than that in group Bï¼P<0.05ï¼. Three patients died in group A and 11 patients died in group B during the 3-year follow-up. The 3-year survival rate of group A was higher than that of group Bï¼P<0.05ï¼. Conclusion:Compared with CHOP+IMRT regimen, the LOP+IMRT regimen for nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma patients resulted in higher overall remission rate, survival rate and lower adverse reactions, so it is worth in clinical promotion.
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Linfoma de Células T/radioterapia , Neoplasias Nasales/radioterapia , Radioterapia de Intensidad Modulada , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Terapia Combinada , Humanos , Linfoma Extranodal de Células NK-T , Nariz , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) with metabolic syndrome (MetS).Method:Records of 212 patients with SSNHL treated in our department were retrospectively reviewed, including gender, age,course of the disease, concomitant time of tinnitus and vertigo, concomitant rate of hypertension and diabetes mellitus, BMI, systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, HDL-C, TG, fasting plasma glucose level, severity of hearing loss and audiograms. All patients were divided into two groups, the MetS group and the Non-MetS group, and the clinical characteristics and prognosis between two groups were compared.Result:In the MetS group, the BMI, systolic pressure, TG, fasting plasma glucose level were higher than that in the Non-MetS group, while the HDL-C level was lower than that in Non-MetS group (P<0.01), and the rates of profound hearing loss, flat audiogram and total deafness audiogram were higher than that in the Non-MetS group (P<0.05). In the MetS group, the overall recovery rate, complete recovery rate and marked recovery rate were 57.8%,6.0% and 14.5%, respectively, which was lower than that in the Non-MetS group (79.8%,19.4% and 27.9%, P<0.05 ).Conclusion:SSNHL patients with MetS suffered a severer hearing loss, the most audiograms were flat and total deafness, and the prognosis of SSNHL patients with MetS was poorer.
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BACKGROUND: Older adults admitted for falls and its complications, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), is increasing. Recent studies have shown that those with falls who presented to the emergency department (ED) had an increased frequency of ED revisits, especially those with head trauma. AIM: To determine the characteristics and predictors of fall-related traumatic brain injury (FRTBI) in older adults. METHODS: Retrospective medical chart review of 339 patients aged 65 years and older admitted for TBI in 2014 due to a fall. Characteristics analysed include demographics, fall circumstances, prior ED visits, polypharmacy, readmission, functional status and specialist outpatient clinic utilisation before and after FRTBI. RESULTS: A total of 339 (37.4%) patients admitted due to FRTBI was 65 years old and older; 112 (33.0%) for subdural haemorrhage (SDH); 227 (67.0%) for head injury (HI), with a mean age of 80 years. A total of 46 (41.1%) patients with SDH and 107 (47.1%) with HI had a previous ED visit within the last year, while 22 (19.6%) of SDH and 49 (21.6%) of HI had hospitalisation 3 months prior to FRTBI. FRTBI was associated with significant decline in activities of daily living, polypharmacy and increased specialist outpatient clinic appointments (P < 0.001). Mortality was 11 (3.2%). Mild cognitive impairment or dementia was significantly associated with admissions for FRTBI, 3.31 (95% confidence interval 1.68-6.51, P = 0.001) using adjusted logistic regression. CONCLUSION: FRTBI is associated with significant functional decline and increased resource utilisation with almost half of the patients having had prior ED visits or hospitalisation. Future studies should focus on falls risk assessment and interventions for high-risk older adults prior to discharge from ED and hospital, and its impact on readmissions due to FRTBI.
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Accidentes por Caídas/estadística & datos numéricos , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/epidemiología , Servicio de Urgencia en Hospital/estadística & datos numéricos , Hospitalización/estadística & datos numéricos , Actividades Cotidianas , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/etiología , Lesiones Traumáticas del Encéfalo/mortalidad , Disfunción Cognitiva/epidemiología , Femenino , Hematoma Subdural/epidemiología , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Singapur/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Little is known about the cost-benefit of soft silicone foam dressings in pressure ulcer (PU) prevention among critically ill patients in the emergency department (ED) and intensive care unit (ICU). A randomised controlled trial to assess the efficacy of soft silicone foam dressings in preventing sacral and heel PUs was undertaken among 440 critically ill patients in an acute care hospital. Participants were randomly allocated either to an intervention group with prophylactic dressings applied to the sacrum and heels in the ED and changed every 3 days in the ICU or to a control group with standard PU prevention care provided during their ED and ICU stay. The results showed a significant reduction of PU incidence rates in the intervention group (P = 0·001). The intervention cost was estimated to be AU$36·61 per person based on an intention-to-treat analysis, but this was offset by lower downstream costs associated with PU treatment (AU$1103·52). Therefore, the average net cost of the intervention was lower than that of the control (AU$70·82 versus AU$144·56). We conclude that the use of soft silicone multilayered foam dressings to prevent sacral and heel PUs among critically ill patients results in cost savings in the acute care hospital.
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Vendajes/economía , Análisis Costo-Beneficio/métodos , Enfermedad Crítica/economía , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos/economía , Úlcera por Presión/prevención & control , Siliconas/economía , Enfermedad Crítica/terapia , Femenino , Talón , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Úlcera por Presión/economía , SacroRESUMEN
A potential link between arsenic (ATO)-based therapy and delayed hematopoietic recovery after autologous hematopoietic SCT (HSCT) for acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has previously been reported. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical histories of 58 patients undergoing autologous HSCT for APL at 21 institutions in the United States and Japan. Thirty-three (56%) of the patients received ATO-based therapy prior to stem cell collection. Delayed neutrophil engraftment occurred in 10 patients (17%): 9 of the 10 patients (90%) received prior ATO (representing 27% of all ATO-treated patients), compared with 1 of the 10 patients (10%) not previously treated with ATO (representing 4% of all ATO-naïve patients; P<0.001). Compared with ATO-naïve patients, ATO-treated patients experienced significantly longer times to ANC recovery (median 12 days vs 9 days, P<0.001). In multivariate analysis, the only significant independent predictor of delayed neutrophil engraftment was prior treatment with ATO (hazard ratio 4.87; P<0.001). Of the available stem cell aliquots from APL patients, the median viable post-thaw CD34+ cell recovery was significantly lower than that of cryopreserved autologous stem cell products from patients with non-APL AML. Our findings suggest that ATO exposure prior to CD34+ cell harvest has deleterious effects on hematopoietic recovery after autologous HSCT.
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Antineoplásicos , Arsenicales , Supervivencia de Injerto/efectos de los fármacos , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/terapia , Óxidos , Trasplante de Células Madre de Sangre Periférica , Adolescente , Adulto , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Antineoplásicos/efectos adversos , Trióxido de Arsénico , Arsenicales/administración & dosificación , Arsenicales/efectos adversos , Autoinjertos , Femenino , Humanos , Leucemia Promielocítica Aguda/sangre , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Óxidos/administración & dosificación , Óxidos/efectos adversosRESUMEN
The importance of immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) bearing monocyte markers in tumor metastasis has been well established. Recently, it was reported that these cells possess phenotypic plasticity and differentiate into fibrocytes, very distinct cells that are precursors of tumorigenic myofibroblasts. However, the importance of this transdifferentiation in tumor metastasis has not been explored. Here, we describe the role of MDSC-derived fibrocytes in tumor metastasis that is regulated by Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4), a transcription factor that is critical to monocyte differentiation and to promotion of cancer development. Using mouse metastasis models of melanoma and breast cancer, we found that KLF4 knockout was associated with significantly reduced pulmonary metastasis, which was accompanied by decreased populations of MDSCs, fibrocytes and myofibroblasts in the lung. Cause-effect studies by adoptive transfer revealed that KLF4 deficiency in MDSCs led to significantly reduced lung metastasis that was associated with fewer MDSC-derived fibrocytes and myofibroblasts. Mechanistically, KLF4 deficiency significantly compromised the generation of fibrocytes from MDSCs in vitro. During this process, KLF4 expression levels were tightly linked with those of fibroblast-specific protein-1 (FSP-1), deficiency of which resulted in no metastasis in mice as has been previously reported. In addition, KLF4 bound directly to the FSP-1 promoter as determined by chromatin immunoprecipitation and overexpression of KLF4 increased the FSP-1 promoter activities. Taken together, our results suggest that MDSCs not only execute their immunosuppressive function to promote metastatic seeding as reported before, but also boost metastatic tumor growth after they adopt a fibrocyte fate. Therefore, KLF4-mediated fibrocyte generation from MDSCs may represent a novel mechanism of MDSCs contributing to tumor metastasis and supports the feasibility of inhibiting KLF4 or FSP-1 to prevent tumor metastasis.
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Some typical immune proteins are expressed in the nervous system, among which the paired-immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PirB) is a receptor for major histocompatibility complex class I antigen (MHC-I), but may play a physiological role in the brain for neuronal circuitry stability by inhibiting synaptic plasticity. Chronic neuroinflammation is common to many neurodegenerative diseases and is often associated with neuronal/synaptic damage and dysfunction. Here we examined the expression of PirB in the rat brain following intracerebral application of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which has been shown to induce proinflammatory changes and cognitive deficits in rodents. One month after unilateral intrahippocampal LPS injection (10 µg in 4 µl phosphate-buffered saline, PBS), increased protein levels and immunoreactivity of PirB were detected in the ipsilateral hippocampal formation and cortex of the experimental group relative to vehicle (PBS) control. The increased PirB labeling was localized to astrocytes and neurons. Reduced synaptophysin protein levels and immunoreactivity were also found in the ipsilateral hippocampal formation and cortex in LPS-treated rats relative to controls. Morris water maze tests indicated that hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory were impaired in LPS-treated animals. Our findings add new experimental data for an upregulation of immune proteins in neuronal and glial cells in the brain in a model of endotoxin-induced neuroinflammation, synaptic alteration, and cognitive decline. The results suggest that PirB modulation may be involved in the pathological process under neurodegenerative conditions.
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Hipocampo/inmunología , Hipocampo/patología , Inflamación/patología , Receptores Inmunológicos/biosíntesis , Sinapsis/patología , Animales , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Immunoblotting , Inmunohistoquímica , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/inmunología , Inyecciones Intraventriculares , Lipopolisacáridos/administración & dosificación , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Masculino , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/efectos de los fármacos , Aprendizaje por Laberinto/fisiología , Memoria/efectos de los fármacos , Memoria/fisiología , Trastornos de la Memoria/inmunología , Trastornos de la Memoria/metabolismo , Trastornos de la Memoria/patología , Plasticidad Neuronal/efectos de los fármacos , Plasticidad Neuronal/inmunología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Sinapsis/inmunología , Sinapsis/metabolismoRESUMEN
Gene expression profiling (GEP) has stratified diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) into molecular subgroups that correspond to different stages of lymphocyte development-namely germinal center B-cell like and activated B-cell like. This classification has prognostic significance, but GEP is expensive and not readily applicable into daily practice, which has lead to immunohistochemical algorithms proposed as a surrogate for GEP analysis. We assembled tissue microarrays from 475 de novo DLBCL patients who were treated with rituximab-CHOP chemotherapy. All cases were successfully profiled by GEP on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue samples. Sections were stained with antibodies reactive with CD10, GCET1, FOXP1, MUM1 and BCL6 and cases were classified following a rationale of sequential steps of differentiation of B cells. Cutoffs for each marker were obtained using receiver-operating characteristic curves, obviating the need for any arbitrary method. An algorithm based on the expression of CD10, FOXP1 and BCL6 was developed that had a simpler structure than other recently proposed algorithms and 92.6% concordance with GEP. In multivariate analysis, both the International Prognostic Index and our proposed algorithm were significant independent predictors of progression-free and overall survival. In conclusion, this algorithm effectively predicts prognosis of DLBCL patients matching GEP subgroups in the era of rituximab therapy.
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Algoritmos , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Biomarcadores de Tumor/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/clasificación , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/tratamiento farmacológico , Anticuerpos Monoclonales de Origen Murino/administración & dosificación , Biomarcadores de Tumor/metabolismo , Ciclofosfamida/administración & dosificación , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Humanos , Técnicas para Inmunoenzimas , Inmunofenotipificación , Linfoma de Células B Grandes Difuso/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Prednisona/administración & dosificación , Pronóstico , Rituximab , Tasa de Supervivencia , Análisis de Matrices Tisulares , Vincristina/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) is highly expressed in more than 70% of breast cancers and functions as an oncogene. However, an exact mechanism by which KLF4 enhances tumorigenesis of breast cancer remains unknown. In this study, we show that KLF4 was highly expressed in cancer stem cell (CSC)-enriched populations in mouse primary mammary tumor and breast cancer cell lines. Knockdown of KLF4 in breast cancer cells (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) decreased the proportion of stem/progenitor cells as demonstrated by expression of stem cell surface markers such as aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, side population and by in vitro mammosphere assay. Consistently KLF4 overexpression led to an increase of the cancer stem cell population. KLF4 knockdown also suppressed cell migration and invasion in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, knockdown of KLF4 reduced colony formation in vitro and inhibited tumorigenesis in immunocompromised non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency mice, supporting an oncogenic role for KLF4 in breast cancer development. Further mechanistic studies revealed that the Notch signaling pathway was required for KLF4-mediated cell migration and invasion, but not for CSC maintenance. Taken together, our study provides evidence that KLF4 has a potent oncogenic role in mammary tumorigenesis likely by maintaining stem cell-like features and by promoting cell migration and invasion. Thus, targeting KLF4 may provide an effective therapeutic approach to suppress tumorigenicity in breast cancer.
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Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Factores de Transcripción de Tipo Kruppel/fisiología , Invasividad Neoplásica , Metástasis de la Neoplasia , Células Madre Neoplásicas/citología , Neoplasias de la Mama/fisiopatología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Humanos , Factor 4 Similar a Kruppel , Factores de Transcripción de Tipo Kruppel/genética , Receptores Notch/metabolismo , Transducción de SeñalRESUMEN
Gln3p is a nitrogen catabolite repression-sensitive GATA-type transcription factor. Its nuclear accumulation was recently shown to be under the control of TOR signaling. Gln3p normally resides in the cytoplasm. When cells are starved from nitrogen nutrients or treated with rapamycin, however, Gln3p becomes translocated into the nucleus, thereby activating the expression of genes involved in nitrogen utilization and transport. To identify other genes under the control of Gln3p, we searched for the Gln3p-binding GATAA motifs within 500 base pairs of the promoter sequences upstream of the yeast open reading frames in the Saccharomyces Genome Database. APG14, a gene essential for autophagy, was found to have the most GATAA motifs. We show that nitrogen starvation or rapamycin treatment rapidly causes a more than 20-fold induction of APG14. The expression of APG14 is dependent on Gln3p; deletion of Gln3p severely reduced its induction by rapamycin, whereas depletion of Ure2p caused its constitutive expression. However, overexpression of APG14 led to only a slight increase in autophagy in nitrogen-rich medium. Therefore, these results define a signaling cascade leading to the expression of APG14 in response to the availability of nitrogen nutrients and suggest that the regulated expression of APG14 contributes to but is not sufficient for the control of autophagy.
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Proteínas de Unión al ADN/fisiología , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Proteínas Fúngicas/fisiología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Proteínas Represoras , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Factores de Transcripción/fisiología , Regiones no Traducidas 5' , Proteínas Relacionadas con la Autofagia , Secuencia de Bases , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Fagosomas/metabolismo , Sirolimus/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The Breadboard Project at Kennedy Space Center in NASA of USA was focused on the development of the bioregenerative life support components, crop plants for water, air, and food production and bioreactors for recycling of wastes. The keystone of the Breadboard Project was the Biomass Production Chamber (BPC), which was supported by 15 environmentally controlled chambers and several laboratory facilities holding a total area of 2150 m2. In supporting the Advanced Life Support Program (ALS Program), the Project utilizes these facilities for large-scale testing of components and development of required technologies for human-rated test-beds at Johnson Space Center in NASA, in order to enable a Lunar and a Mars mission finally.
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Biomasa , Sistemas Ecológicos Cerrados , Sistemas de Manutención de la Vida/instrumentación , Vuelo Espacial/tendencias , United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/tendencias , Microbiología Ambiental , Humanos , Marte , Luna , Vuelo Espacial/instrumentación , Estados Unidos , Administración de Residuos , IngravidezRESUMEN
Objective. To develop a nutrient delivery system for space vegetable planting prototype facility to be used in future space station, and to preliminarily testify its feasibility through ground-based demonstration experiments. Method. A nutrient delivery system in a space vegetable planting prototype facility was designed and fabricated, and ground based demonstration experiments of plant cultivation were conducted. Result. Nutrient could be steadily delivered to plant cultivation matrixes through capillary action, water content of planting matrixes could be controlled automatically and maintained constant, and the planted material lettuce showed basically normal morphology and color. Conclusion. The nutrient delivery system in a space vegetable planting prototype facility could basically meet the requirements for plant nutrient delivery under space microgravity environmental condition.
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Sistemas Ecológicos Cerrados , Hidroponía/instrumentación , Lactuca/crecimiento & desarrollo , Sistemas de Manutención de la Vida/instrumentación , Vuelo Espacial/instrumentación , Ingravidez , Acción Capilar , Diseño de Equipo , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Hidroponía/métodos , Lactuca/fisiología , Abastecimiento de AguaRESUMEN
Objective. To demonstrate that the recycled liquid, which originated from lettuce inedible biomass degraded by fixed microorganism (correction of microorgannism) and enzyme, can be used as a nutrient solution for lettuce hydroponic cultivation. Method. After biologically degrading the weighted, oven-dried and milled leaves and roots of lettuce in a biological reactor under aerobic condition, the original effluent and its supplemented effluent were used as nutrients for lettuce hydroponic cultivation. Result. The average dried weight (ADW) of lettuce from the original effluent group was approximately half of that from the control group, and the ADW from supplemented effluent group was about equal to that from the control group; some qualities of the lettuce such as a relatively lower content of NO3- from both the original effluent group and the supplemented effluent one improved, and some of those such as a relatively higher content of NO2- dropped. Conclusion. The biologically-degraded effluent was able to be used as nutrient solution for lettuce hydroponic cultivation, although the effects of the inorganic ion-supplemented effluent were much better; the plants of lettuce from the biologically-degraded effluent were safely edible.
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Biomasa , Medios de Cultivo/metabolismo , Hidroponía/métodos , Lactuca/crecimiento & desarrollo , Administración de Residuos/métodos , Biodegradación Ambiental , Reactores Biológicos , Sistemas Ecológicos Cerrados , Fertilizantes , Lactuca/química , Lactuca/metabolismo , Sistemas de Manutención de la Vida , Nitratos/análisis , ResiduosRESUMEN
Gln3p is a GATA-type transcription factor responsive to different nitrogen nutrients and starvation in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Recent evidence has linked TOR signaling to Gln3p. Rapamycin causes dephosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Gln3p, thereby activating nitrogen catabolite repressible-sensitive genes. However, a detailed mechanistic understanding of this process is lacking. In this study, we show that Tor1p physically interacts with Gln3p. An intact TOR kinase domain is essential for the phosphorylation of Gln3p, inhibition of Gln3p nuclear entry and repression of Gln3p-dependent transcription. In contrast, at least two distinct protein phosphatases, Pph3p and the Tap42p-dependent phosphatases, are involved in the activation of Gln3p. The yeast pro-prion protein Ure2p binds to both hyper- and hypo-phosphorylated Gln3p. In contrast to the free Gln3p, the Ure2p-bound Gln3p is signifcantly resistant to dephosphorylation. Taken together, these results reveal a tripartite regulatory mechanism by which the phosphorylation of Gln3p is regulated.
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Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Proteínas Fúngicas/metabolismo , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinasas , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolasas/metabolismo , Fosfotransferasas (Aceptor de Grupo Alcohol)/metabolismo , Priones , Proteínas de Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Proteínas Fúngicas/química , Proteínas Fúngicas/genética , Regulación Fúngica de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Glutatión Peroxidasa , Modelos Genéticos , Mutación , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Monoéster Fosfórico Hidrolasas/genética , Fosforilación , Fosfotransferasas (Aceptor de Grupo Alcohol)/química , Fosfotransferasas (Aceptor de Grupo Alcohol)/genética , Unión Proteica , Estructura Terciaria de Proteína , Transporte de Proteínas/efectos de los fármacos , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/enzimología , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/genética , Sirolimus/farmacología , Tacrolimus/farmacología , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Técnicas del Sistema de Dos HíbridosRESUMEN
Human papillomavirus type 6 (HPV-6) is a low-risk HPV whose replication cycle, like that of all HPVs, is differentiation dependent. We have previously shown that CCAAT displacement protein (CDP) binds the differentiation-induced HPV-6 E1 promoter and negatively regulates its activity in undifferentiated cells (W. Ai, E. Toussaint, and A. Roman, J. Virol. 73:4220-4229, 1999). Using electrophoretic mobility shift assays (EMSAs), we now report that Yin Yang 1 (YY1), a multifunctional protein that can act as a transcriptional activator or repressor and that can also inhibit HPV replication in vitro, binds the HPV-6 E1 promoter. EMSAs, using subfragments of the promoter as competitors, showed that the YY1 binding site is located at the 5' end of the E1 promoter. When a putative YY1 site was mutated, the ability of YY1 to bind was greatly decreased. The activity of the mutated E1 promoter, monitored with the reporter gene luciferase, was threefold greater than that of the wild-type promoter, suggesting that YY1 negatively regulates HPV-6 E1 promoter activity. Nuclear extracts from differentiated keratinocytes showed decreased binding of YY1 to the wild-type promoter. Consistent with this, in differentiated keratinocytes, the activity of the transfected luciferase gene transcribed from the mutated promoter was comparable to that of the wild-type promoter; both promoters were up-regulated in differentiated keratinocytes compared to undifferentiated cells. These data suggest that YY1 functions in undifferentiated keratinocytes but not in differentiated keratinocytes. Both the wild-type and mutated promoters could be negatively regulated by overexpression of a plasmid encoding CDP. Thus, both YY1 and CDP appear to be negative regulators of the differentiation-induced HPV-6 E1 promoter and thereby the HPV life cycle. In contrast, only binding of CDP was detected using the E1 promoter of the high-risk HPV-31.
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Proteínas de Unión al ADN/metabolismo , Proteínas Oncogénicas Virales/genética , Papillomaviridae/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas , Proteínas Represoras/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismo , Células 3T3 , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Sitios de Unión , Diferenciación Celular , Células Cultivadas , ADN Viral , Factores de Unión al ADN Específico de las Células Eritroides , Proteínas de Homeodominio , Humanos , Queratinocitos/citología , Ratones , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutagénesis , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas Virales/genética , Factor de Transcripción YY1RESUMEN
Objective. To study the tolerance of lettuce to elevated CO2 concentration in Controlled Ecological Life Support System (CELSS). Method. Lettuce was cultivated in the Ground-based Experimental Facility for Higher Plant Cultivation in Space (GEFHPCS), in which many parameters were kept unchanged, while concentration of CO2 was controlled at 5 different levels (2000-10000 micromoles mol-1). During the growing periods, the morphologies of lettuce were observed every day, the replenished amounts of CO2 to GEFHPCS and water to the nutrient fluid box as well as the amounts of condensed water collected from GEFHPCS were all recorded every day. After harvest, the output and photosynthetic rate were calculated and lots of constituents of lettuce were analyzed. Result. The growth of lettuce were relatively ideal when CO2 concentration was at 6000 micromoles mol-1, but an obviously withering appearance was found when CO2 concentration increased 10000 micromoles mol-1, this time the output and quality of lettuce were unsatisfactory. Conclusion. It would be optimal when CO2 concentration is controlled at about 6000 micromoles mol-1 in a lettuce-cultivating chamber.