The effects of khat (Catha edulis) use on the genitourinary system: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

The objective of the current study is to conduct a meta-analysis of the existing literature concerning the potential impact of khat on the reproductive systems. Five international databases, Embase, Medline/PubMed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge (ISI), and ProQuest, were searched from inception up to the end of January 2024. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist was used for quality assessment of included studies. After several screening phases,10 articles were included in the final analysis. The pooled meta-analysis showed that women who use khat during pregnancy had a significantly higher chance of having low birth weight (LBW) (OR= 2.51, 95% CI: 1.61-3.95, p-value < 0.001) and congenital anomalies (OR= 3.17, 95% CI: 1.31-7.73, p-value = 0.011) compared to nonusers. The obtained results of the meta-analysis showed that the consumption of khat significantly reduces semen volume (standardized mean difference = -0.903, 95% CI: -1.801 to -0.007, p = 0.048). In conclusion, our study show that significant associations with LBW, congenital anomalies, and reduced semen volume underscores the necessity for additional research to delve deeper into the intricate complexities of how khat affects reproductive health in both women and men.

Treatment outcome of Fournier's gangrene and its associated factors: A retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION: Fournier's gangrene (FG) is a rapidly progressive necrotizing infection that affects the perineal and abdominal regions and is known for its high mortality rate. This study aims to present the practical experience of managing FG patients and identify factors that may affect their clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted from April 2009 to December 2020 at General Military Hospital in Sana'a, Yemen including 26 patients who were diagnosed with FG and treated on. Data on demographic characteristics, time to admission, surgical intervention, and treatment outcomes were collected. Univariate analysis was performed to determine factors that affect patient outcomes. RESULT: The mean age of the patients was 65.77 ± 5.04 years, and 65.4% of them were over the age of 65. Most patients (57.7%) presented after five days of experiencing symptoms, and 65.4% were in septic conditions. Of the patients, 17 (65.4%) survived, and the total mortality rate was 34.6%. Univariate analysis showed that delayed presentation (p = 0.001), a history of diabetes mellitus (p < 0.001), end-stage renal disease (p < 0.001), heart failure (p < 0.001), cerebrovascular accident (p = 0.032), liver cirrhosis (p < 001), presence of multiple comorbidities (p < 001), involvement of lager area (p < 001), septic conditions (p = 0.009), advanced age (p = 0.018), and intensive care unit admission (p = 0.002) were found to be risk factors for mortality in patients with FG. CONCLUSIONS: FG is a potentially life-threatening medical condition, even with aggressive and specialized treatment. Our study revealed a mortality rate of 34.6%. Factors such as older age, the presence of multiple comorbidities, septic conditions, the abdominal spread of the disease, intensive care unit admission, and delayed presentation contribute to higher mortality rates.

Can bipolar transurethral enucleation of the prostate be a better alternative to the bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate?: A prospective comparative study.

ABSTRACT: To analyze the efficacy and safety between bipolar transurethral enucleation of the prostate (BipoLEP) and bipolar transurethral resection of the prostate (B-TURP).One hundred twenty eight patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were recruited and divided into group 1 (BipoLEP group, n = 72) and group 2 (B-TURP group, n = 56). The study period was from October 2016 to February 2019. All data parameters were prospectively collected and analyzed.In these 2 groups, there were no significant differences of the mean ages (71.88 ±â€Š6.54 years vs 73.05 ±â€Š7.05 years, P = .407), prostate volumes (99.14 ±â€Š9.5 mL vs 95.08 ±â€Š10.93 mL, P = .302) and the mean operation times (93.7 ±â€Š27.5 minutes vs 89.8 ±â€Š22.4 minutes, P = .065). In BipoLEP group, it had more prostate tissue resected (64.2 ±â€Š22.1 g vs 52.7 ±â€Š28.6 g, P = .018), less duration of continuous bladder irrigation (20.7 ±â€Š6.5 hours vs 29.6 ±â€Š8.3 hours, P = .044), shorter catheterization time (4.3 ±â€Š1.5 days vs 5.6 ±â€Š2.1 days, P = .032), shorter hospitalization stay (5.2 ±â€Š1.4 days vs 6.5 ±â€Š1.9 days, P = .031) and less complications (3 cases vs 9 cases, P = .021). There were significant improvements in 3-month postoperative parameters, including: post void residual urine, maximum flow rate, International Prostatic Symptoms Scale, and quality of life in each group (p < 0.01). However, there were no significant differences of preoperative and 3-month postoperative parameters, including: post void residual urine, maximum flow rate, International Prostatic Symptoms Scale, and quality of life between these 2 groups (P > .05).BipoLEP can produce a more radical prostatic resection with better safety profile and faster postoperative recovery. It may become a more favorable surgical alternative to the B-TURP, especially for the prostate larger than 80 g.

Surgical complications of open nephrectomy in living related donors in Yemen: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: Renal transplantation from living related donor is the best treatment option for chronic renal failure with experience for more than 50 years. However, this procedure may expose the health and even the life of otherwise normal individuals to risk. In this prospective study we described the surgical complications of open donor nephrectomies by Clavien grading system. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between May 2002 and December 2014, one hundred and seventy-two potentially healthy kidney donors were admitted to Althawrah General Hospital, Ibn-Sina Hospital and Military Hospital. The median age was 34 years (19-60 years) with male predominance in 64.5% of the cases. This prospective descriptive study reviews intra-, and post-operative surgical complications using Clavien grading system for surgical complications. RESULTS: The procedure was done via supracostal lumbotomy incision (above 12th rib) in 112 cases (65.1%) and transcostal incision with resection of 11th rib in 60 cases (34.9%). Left kidney was taken in most of the cases (68%) while right kidney in the remaining 42% with an average warm ischemia time of 31 seconds (range, 22-34 seconds). Surgical complications by Clavien grading system were observed in 18.6% of the cases (32 cases). Grade 1 in 28 (16.4%); Grade 2 in 2 (1.2%) and Grade 3 in 2 cases (1.2%) were detected. There was no grade 4 or 5 cases in our series. Median postoperative hospital stay was 3 days (range: 2-4 days). CONCLUSION: We found that most of the complications of open living donor nephrectomy are of grade I and higher grade complications are negligible compared to the advantages for the recipients.

Jejunal Injury as a Rare Complication of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy: Case Report.

Background: Colonic injury represents a rare complication of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). Injury of the small bowel is very rare, with only anecdotal case reports in the literature. We report here a rare PCNL complication of jejunal perforation without concomitant colonic injury. Case Presentation: A 45-year-old male underwent PCNL for multiple left kidney stones. At the beginning of the procedure, we faced difficulty in achieving access, but after that the procedure was straightforward and ended smoothly. However, from the third day, the postoperative course became stormy with progressive development of picture of acute peritonitis. Laparotomy was mandatory and jejunal perforation was found and repaired. Conclusion: Although extremely rare, small bowel injury should be kept in mind during planning for percutaneous nephrolithotomy. Prompt diagnosis and active treatment should be undertaken without delay especially if picture of acute peritonitis is developed.

A correlation study between macro- and micro-analysis of pediatric urinary calculi.

OBJECTIVE: The aim was investigate the relationship between macro- and micro-compositions of pediatric urinary stones by using two combined analytical techniques: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 74 consecutive urinary calculi were collected from children. Each stone was divided into two equal portions. One part was analyzed by FT-IR to determine mineralogical composition. The second part underwent analysis by ICP-OES to determine the heavy metals and trace elements contents. The association between mineralogical components and elemental contents was evaluated. RESULTS: The percentages of mineralogical components of the stones were 78.3% calcium oxalate monohydrate, 63.5% calcium oxalate dihydrate, 24.3% ammonium urate, 13.5% uric acid, 10.9% dahllite, 12.1% brushite, 8.1% ammonium calcium phosphate, 8.1% struvite, 4.5% cysteine, and 2.7% were xanthine. There were seven elements with significant different high concentrations; magnesium, sulfur, strontium, lead, chromium, calcium, and phosphorous. High calcium-containing stones had significant higher contents of magnesium, lead, strontium, and zinc (p<0.05) than low calcium-containing stones. Phosphate stones had significant contents of magnesium, strontium, zinc and chromium when compared to other stones (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric urinary stones have variable biochemical structures. The stones contained many significant heavy metals and trace elements in different concentrations, and phosphate stones enclosed most of the heavy and trace elements.

Tubeless percutaneous neprolithotomy: the new gold standard.

PURPOSE: We present our experience with tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between July 2004 and December 2006, 121 patients (82 males and 39 females) with 18-70 mm (mean 31.19 mm) renal stones underwent tubeless PCNL leaving only a 6 Fr externalized ureteric catheter. Their ages ranged between 4 and 80 years (mean 37.27). Two patients had bilateral disease, so a total of 123 renal units are included. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia in the prone (110 units) or supine position (13 units). A total of 133 punctures were performed. The punctures were single (114 units), double (8 units), or triple (1 unit). The approach was subcostal through the lower calyx (n=110) or middle calyx (n=10), or supracostal through the middle calyx (n=8) or upper calyx (n=5). RESULTS: Mean operative time was 46.30 min (range 15-100). Mean reduction in hemoglobin level was 1.57 g (range 0.3-4) with blood transfusion rate 4.13%. Complication rate was 9.9% in the form of perirenal collection (five patients), urinary leakage (two patients), fever (four patients), and hydrothorax (one patient). The ureteric catheter was left for 7-72 h (mean 45.67). Postoperative analgesia was required in 22 patients (18.2%) with mean 22.9 mg diclofenac sodium per patient. Mean hospital stay was 50.69 h (range 12-96) with 106 units (86.18%) rendered stone free, 13 (10.57%) with insignificant residuals, and four units (3.25%) were left with significant residual stones. CONCLUSIONS: Tubeless PCNL is a good option in non-complicated PCNL with the advantages of reduced hospital stay, low postoperative pain, and little need for postoperative analgesia.

Simultaneous bilateral multipuncture tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patient with orthotopic bladder substitution.

We report the successful treatment of a patient that presented with bladder tumor, bilateral multiple renal stones, right lower ureteral stone, and bilateral hydroureteronephrosis with progressively rising serum creatinine. Initially, he was managed by drainage of the upper tract by left percutaneous nephrostomy tube until serum creatinine dropped to normal value then he was managed by radical cystectomy and orthotopic bladder substitution. Three weeks later, he was subjected to simultaneous bilateral multi-puncture tubeless percutaneous nephrolithotomy. In addition, we report on the feasibility of opacification of the collecting system via ascending pouchogram by direct passage of the dye through the directly implanted ureters thus avoiding intravenous contrast injection.

Treatment of complete staghorn stones: a prospective randomized comparison of open surgery versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

PURPOSE: We studied the role of open surgery versus percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the treatment of complete staghorn stones in a prospective randomized manner. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 79 patients with 88 complete staghorn stones, defined as filling the entire collecting system or at least 80% of it, were prospectively randomized for PCNL (43) or open surgery (45). Intraoperative and postoperative morbidity, operative time, hospital stay, and stone clearance at discharge home and followup were compared for both methods. Patients with significant residuals in both groups were subjected to extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (Dornier Medical Systems, Inc., Marietta, Georgia) on an outpatient basis. Followup was completed for all cases with a mean duration +/- SD of 4.9 +/- 2.5 months (range 3 to 14). Renal function was evaluated by Tc-mercaptoacetyltriglycine renogram before and after treatment in both groups. RESULTS: Intraoperative complications in terms of bleeding requiring blood transfusion, and pleural, vascular or ureteral injuries were recorded in 7 patients (16.3%) in the PCNL and 17 (37.8%) in the open surgery groups, a difference of significant value (p <0.05). Major postoperative complications including massive hematuria requiring blood transfusion, septicemia, urinary leakage and wound infection were observed in 8 patients (18.6%) in the PCNL group and in 14 (31.1%) in the open surgery group, a difference of no significant value. PCNL was associated with shorter operative time (127 +/- 30 vs 204 +/- 31 minutes, p <0.001), shorter hospital stay (6.4 +/- 4.2 vs 10 +/- 4.2 days, p <0.001) and earlier return to work (2.5 +/- 0.8 vs 4.1 +/- 1 weeks, p <0.001). On the other hand both treatment groups were comparable in regard to stone-free rates at discharge home (49% vs 66%) and at followup (74% vs 82%). At followup renal function improved or remained stable in 91% and 86.7% in the PCNL and open surgery groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: PCNL is a valuable treatment option for complete staghorn stones with a stone-free rate approaching that of open surgery. Moreover, it has the advantages of lower morbidity, shorter operative time, shorter hospital stay and earlier return to work.