Dieta com restrição de cálcio ou aniônica em vacas leiteiras no pré-parto / Calcium-restriction or anionic diet in dairy cows during pre-partum / Dieta con restricción de calcio o aniónica en vacas lecheras en preparto

Várias são as enfermidades metabólicas que acometem vacas leiteiras, entre elas a hipocalcemia, conhecida também como febre do leite, paresia puerperal ou síndrome da vaca caída. Essa patologia pode acometer animais em até 72 horas após o parto, devido a uma falha no metabolismo nutricional de cálcio, que ocorre após uma demanda súbita desse mineral para o início da lactação. Esta tem sua maior ocorrência em animais de alta produção de leite e principalmente com mais de duas lactações. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho, por meio de revisão de literatura, foi cogitar sobre as metodologias de fornecimento de dieta aniônica e dietas deficientes em cálcio, fornecidas no período de pré-parto das vacas, a fim de evitar ou minimizar problemas futuros em decorrência da hipocalcemia, o que tem apresentados resultados positivos.(AU)

Hypocalcemia is one of several metabolic diseases affecting dairy cows. It is also known as milk fever, puerperal paresis or fallen cow syndrome. The pathology can affect animals up to 72 hours after calving, due to a failure in the nutritional metabolism of calcium, which occurs after the sudden demand of this mineral in order to start lactation. The highest prevalence of this disease is in animals of high dairy production and especially those with more than two lactations. Thus, the purpose of this paper is develop a literature review in order to muse on the methodologies of supplying anionic and calcium deficient diets in the pre-calving period in order to mitigate or minimize future problems due to hypocalcemia.(AU)

Varias son las enfermedades metabólicas que acometen vacas lecheras, entre ellas la hipocalcemia, conocida también como fiebre de la leche, paresia puerperal o síndrome de la vaca caída. Esa patología puede acometer animales en hasta 72 horas después del parto, debido a una falla en el metabolismo nutricional de calcio, que ocurre después de una demanda súbita de ese mineral para el inicio de la lactancia. Esta tiene su mayor ocurrencia en animales de alta producción de leche y principalmente con más de dos lactaciones. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo, por medio de revisión de literatura, fue reflexionar sobre las metodologías de suministro de dieta aniónica y dietas deficientes en calcio, suministradas en el período de preparto de las vacas, a fin de evitar o minimizar futuros problemas en consecuencia de la hipocalcemia, lo que ha dado resultados positivos.(AU)

Dieta com restrição de cálcio ou aniônica em vacas leiteiras no pré-parto / Calcium-restriction or anionic diet in dairy cows during pre-partum / Dieta con restricción de calcio o aniónica en vacas lecheras en preparto

Várias são as enfermidades metabólicas que acometem vacas leiteiras, entre elas a hipocalcemia, conhecida também como febre do leite, paresia puerperal ou síndrome da vaca caída. Essa patologia pode acometer animais em até 72 horas após o parto, devido a uma falha no metabolismo nutricional de cálcio, que ocorre após uma demanda súbita desse mineral para o início da lactação. Esta tem sua maior ocorrência em animais de alta produção de leite e principalmente com mais de duas lactações. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho, por meio de revisão de literatura, foi cogitar sobre as metodologias de fornecimento de dieta aniônica e dietas deficientes em cálcio, fornecidas no período de pré-parto das vacas, a fim de evitar ou minimizar problemas futuros em decorrência da hipocalcemia, o que tem apresentados resultados positivos.(AU)

Hypocalcemia is one of several metabolic diseases affecting dairy cows. It is also known as milk fever, puerperal paresis or fallen cow syndrome. The pathology can affect animals up to 72 hours after calving, due to a failure in the nutritional metabolism of calcium, which occurs after the sudden demand of this mineral in order to start lactation. The highest prevalence of this disease is in animals of high dairy production and especially those with more than two lactations. Thus, the purpose of this paper is develop a literature review in order to muse on the methodologies of supplying anionic and calcium deficient diets in the pre-calving period in order to mitigate or minimize future problems due to hypocalcemia.(AU)

Varias son las enfermedades metabólicas que acometen vacas lecheras, entre ellas la hipocalcemia, conocida también como fiebre de la leche, paresia puerperal o síndrome de la vaca caída. Esa patología puede acometer animales en hasta 72 horas después del parto, debido a una falla en el metabolismo nutricional de calcio, que ocurre después de una demanda súbita de ese mineral para el inicio de la lactancia. Esta tiene su mayor ocurrencia en animales de alta producción de leche y principalmente con más de dos lactaciones. Así, el objetivo de este trabajo, por medio de revisión de literatura, fue reflexionar sobre las metodologías de suministro de dieta aniónica y dietas deficientes en calcio, suministradas en el período de preparto de las vacas, a fin de evitar o minimizar futuros problemas en consecuencia de la hipocalcemia, lo que ha dado resultados positivos.(AU)

Benefits of a prepartum anionic diet on the health of dairy cows in the transition period: prevented subclinical hypocalcemia and minimizing oxidative stress

Background: There are many metabolic diseases that affect dairy cows during the transition period, among them, the postparturient hypocalcemia, also known as milk fever, puerperal paresis syndrome, or fallen cow. This disease may affect animals 72 h after calving due to a nutritional imbalance in the calcium metabolism, which occurs after a sudden demand of this mineral at the beginning of lactation. This problem is more common in animals with high milk production, and usually after the second lactation. Therefore, this study evaluated whether the anionic diet on the prepartum phase would be beneficial for dairy cows in the transition period. Materials, Methods & Results: Eight Holstein cows on their second and third pregnancy with body condition score between 3.5 and 4 were used. During the experiment, the animals remained in paddock with grazing Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) and water ad libitum. Two groups of four animals each were used: the group A (control) received a dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) diet of 2.57 mEq kg-1, and the second group, called the group B (treatment), received a DCAD diet of -112.2 mEq kg-1. To evaluate animal health, we performed gynecological examinations, in addition to blood samplings on days 20, 10 and 5 prepartum and 3, 7, 12 and 20 postpartum to assess seric levels of calcium (Ca), total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, and hepatic function (AST, ALT and GGT). It was also measured the production of free radicals (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) in the transition period of the cows. No statistical differences were observed between groups regarding body condition score, uterine tone, dominant follicle diameter, size and presence of the corpus luteum and the presence of genital discharge up to 30 days postpartum. However, the anionic diet prevented a dramatic reduction in calcium levels, unlike what occurred in the control cows (the group A) where a subclinical hypocalcemia was observed.[...]

Benefits of a prepartum anionic diet on the health of dairy cows in the transition period: prevented subclinical hypocalcemia and minimizing oxidative stress

Background: There are many metabolic diseases that affect dairy cows during the transition period, among them, the postparturient hypocalcemia, also known as milk fever, puerperal paresis syndrome, or fallen cow. This disease may affect animals 72 h after calving due to a nutritional imbalance in the calcium metabolism, which occurs after a sudden demand of this mineral at the beginning of lactation. This problem is more common in animals with high milk production, and usually after the second lactation. Therefore, this study evaluated whether the anionic diet on the prepartum phase would be beneficial for dairy cows in the transition period. Materials, Methods & Results: Eight Holstein cows on their second and third pregnancy with body condition score between 3.5 and 4 were used. During the experiment, the animals remained in paddock with grazing Tifton 85 (Cynodon spp.) and water ad libitum. Two groups of four animals each were used: the group A (control) received a dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) diet of 2.57 mEq kg-1, and the second group, called the group B (treatment), received a DCAD diet of -112.2 mEq kg-1. To evaluate animal health, we performed gynecological examinations, in addition to blood samplings on days 20, 10 and 5 prepartum and 3, 7, 12 and 20 postpartum to assess seric levels of calcium (Ca), total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, urea, and hepatic function (AST, ALT and GGT). It was also measured the production of free radicals (ROS) and lipid peroxidation (TBARS) in the transition period of the cows. No statistical differences were observed between groups regarding body condition score, uterine tone, dominant follicle diameter, size and presence of the corpus luteum and the presence of genital discharge up to 30 days postpartum. However, the anionic diet prevented a dramatic reduction in calcium levels, unlike what occurred in the control cows (the group A) where a subclinical hypocalcemia was observed.[...](AU)