Chemical Composition, Antioxidant Activities, Antidepressant Effect, and Lipid Peroxidation of Peruvian Blueberry: Molecular Docking Studies on Targets Involved in Oxidative Stress and Depression.

Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) are cultivated worldwide and are among the best dietary sources of bioactive compounds with beneficial health effects. This study aimed to investigate the components of Peruvian blueberry using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS), identifying 11 compounds. Furthermore, we assessed in vitro the antioxidant activity and in vivo the antidepressant effect using a rat model and protective effect on lipid peroxidation (in the serum, brain, liver, and stomach). We also conducted molecular docking simulations with proteins involved in oxidative stress and depression for the identified compounds. Antioxidant activity was assessed by measuring total phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazin (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS•+), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Peruvian blueberries demonstrated higher antioxidant activity than Vaccinium corymbosum fruits from Chile, Brazil, the United States, Turkey, Portugal, and China. The results showed that oral administration of Peruvian blueberries (10 and 20 mg/kg) for 28 days significantly (p < 0.001) increased swimming and reduced immobility in the forced swimming test (FST). Additionally, at doses of 40 and 80 mg/kg, oxidative stress was reduced in vivo (p < 0.001) by decreasing lipid peroxidation in brain, liver, stomach, and serum. Molecular docking and absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) predictions were performed. In the molecular docking studies, quercitrin and 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid showed the best docking scores for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase, superoxide dismutase, and xanthine oxidase; while 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid methyl ester and caffeoyl coumaroylquinic acid had the best docking scores for monoamine oxidase and serotonin receptor 5-HT2. In summary, our results suggest that the antidepressant and protective effects against lipid peroxidation might be related to the antioxidant activity of Peruvian Vaccinium corymbosum L.

Chemical Characterization of Phoenix dactylifera L. Seeds and their Beneficial Effects on the Vascular Response in Hypertensive Rats.

Although Phoenix dactylifera dates are traditionally consumed for their health benefits, no research has been done on the vascular response in hypertensive animals. This study evaluated the vascular relaxation of hydroalcoholic extracts from seeds of three varieties of P. dactylifera; Sukkari seed (SS), Ajwa seed (AS), and Mabroom seed (MS) on L-NAME-induced hypertension and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Results showed that all extracts (10 µg/mL) caused relaxations higher than 60% in the aortic rings precontracted with 10- 6 M phenylephrine in normotensive rats, the SS extract was the most potent. Endothelial nitric oxide (NO) pathway is involved as significantly reduced vascular relaxation in denuded-endothelium rat aorta and with an inhibitor (10- 4 M L-Nω-Nitro arginine methyl ester; L-NAME) of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Confocal microscopy confirmed that 10 µg/mL SS extract increases NO generation as detected by DAF-FM fluorescence in intact aortic rings. Consistent with these findings, vascular relaxation in intact aortic rings at 10 µg/mL SS extract was significantly decreased in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats (endothelial dysfunction model), but not in SHR. In both hypertensive models, the denuded endothelium blunted the vascular relaxation. In conclusion, the hydroalcoholic extract of the seed of P. dactylifera (Sukkari, Ajwa and Mabroom varieties) presents a potent endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation, via NO, in normotensive rats as well as in two different models of hypertension. This effect could be mediated by the presence of phenolic compounds identified by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS, such as protocatechuic acid, and caftaric acid.

Chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of purified extracts of Prosopis pallida (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Kunth (Fabaceae) fruits from Northern Peru / Composición química y capacidad antioxidante de extractos purificados de frutos de Prosopis pallida (Humb. & Bonpl. Ex Willd.) Kunth (Fabaceae) del norte de Perú

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of Prosopis pallida (Fabaceae) fruits "algarrobo", in addition to determine their main chemical components. Fruit purified extracts from the regions of Tumbes, Piura, Lambayeque, and La Libertad (Peru) were evaluated using infusion, decoction, and alcoholic extraction at concentrations of 45, 70 and 96%. To measure the antioxidant capacity of the extracts, the determination of total phenolics content was performed, followed by the antioxidant evaluation using DPPH, FRAP and ABTS. The chemical identification was carried out through UHPLC-UV-MS/MS. The results showed that the decoction of the sample from the region of La Libertad, as well as the ethanol extracts at 45% of the samples from Tumbes and Lambayeque presented greater antioxidant capacity. Moreover, ten major substances of these extracts were identified: nine phenolic derivatives (vicenin II as the main constituent of the extracts) and one diterpene (7-oxodehydroabietic acid).

El propósito de este trabajo fue evaluar la capacidad antioxidante de frutos de Prosopis pallida (Fabaceae) "algarrobo", además de determinar sus principales componentes químicos. Se estudiaron extractos purificados de frutos de las regiones de Tumbes, Piura, Lambayeque y La Libertad (Perú), mediante infusión, decocción y extracción alcohólica en concentraciones de 45, 70 y 96%. Para medir la capacidad antioxidante de los extractos, se realizó la determinación del contenido de fenoles totales, seguida de la evaluación antioxidante mediante DPPH, FRAP y ABTS. La identificación química se realizó mediante UHPLC-UV-MS/MS. Los resultados mostraron que la decocción de la muestra de la región de La Libertad, así como los extractos de etanol al 45% de las muestras de Tumbes y Lambayeque presentaron mayor capacidad antioxidante. Además, se identificaron diez sustancias principales de estos extractos: nueve derivados fenólicos (vicenin II como componente principal de los extractos) y un diterpeno (ácido 7-oxodehidroabiético).

Essential oils from Ocotea species: Chemical variety, biological activities and geographic availability.

This review describes the chemical composition and biological properties of essential oils from plants of the Ocotea genus, from different origin. This taxon belongs to the Laureaceae family, which in turn, is best known for medicinal use, often related to the essential oils. The text includes studies about Ocotea species distributed mainly on the South American continent, but also reporting species located in North America and Africa. Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica and Ecuador are countries with highest number of species mentioned in the review. Also, the major components of each essential oil, its chemical structures, as well as the description and extent of biological activities related to essential oils are detailed in this review. Finally, the text discusses the chemical and biological aspects of these studies in a comparatively way, also informing additional data such as yield, biome of origin and pharmacobotanical location.

Anti-Leishmania amazonensis activity of the terpenoid fraction from Eugenia pruniformis leaves.

Leishmaniasis is caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania and includes cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral clinical forms. Drugs currently available for leishmaniasis treatment present high toxicity, and development of parasite resistance. Plants constitute an important source of compounds with leishmanicidal potential. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-Leishmania amazonensis activity of the terpenoid fraction of Eugenia pruniformis leaves (TF-EpL). TF-EpL was active against the promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms of L. amazonensis with IC50(24h) value of 43.60µg/mL and 44.77µg/mL, respectively. TF-EpL altered the cell cycle of the parasite, increasing 2.32-fold the cells in the Sub-G0/G1 phase. TF-EpL also changed the ΔΨm and increased ROS and the number of annexin-V-PI positive promastigotes, which suggests incidental death. ß-sitosterol, ursolic acid, corosolic acid and asiatic acid were isolated from TF-EpL. The results showed the antileishmanial activity of E. pruniformis terpenoids and its potential for further studies as a source of new drugs for leishmaniasis.

Botanical Products in the Treatment and Control of Schistosomiasis: Recent Studies and Distribution of Active Plant Resources According to Affected Regions.

Schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease caused by trematodes of the genus Schistosoma, is the second most prevalent parasitic disease in the world. It affects around 200 million people. Clinical treatment, prophylaxis, and prevention are performed in countries susceptible to schistosomiasis. In the pharmacological treatment for an acute form of schistosomiasis, the use of antiparasitics, mainly praziquantel, is more common. As an alternative way, prevention methods such as reducing the population of intermediate hosts (mollusks) with molluscicides are important in the control of this disease by interrupting the biological cycle of this etiological parasite. Despite the importance of pharmacological agents and molluscicides, they have side effects and environmental toxicity. In addition, they can lead to the development of resistance enhancing of parasites, and lead to the search for new and effective drugs, including resources of vegetal origin, which in turn, are abundant in the affected countries. Thus, the purpose of this review is to summarize recent studies on botanical products with potential for the control of schistosomiasis, including anti-Schistosoma and molluscicide activities. In addition, species and plant derivatives according to their origin or geographical importance indicating a possible utility of local resources for countries most affected by the disease are presented.

Reduction in the frequency of Aspergillus spp. in broiler facilities subjected to cleaning and disinfection / Redução na frequência de Aspergillus ssp. em instalações para frangos de corte submetidas à limpeza e desinfecção

The present study analyzes influence of two cleaning and disinfection protocols on frequency of Aspergillus spp. in broiler facilities. We conducted an observational study, applying two cleaning and disinfection protocols before housing 960 one-day-old broilers randomly allocated in 32 boxes with 30 birds. We considered two types of housing as independent experiments, which differed as to the bedding. First experiment consisted of new bedding materials, which we reused in second experiment. We applied two different treatments, Common treatment included sweeping organic matter, humidifying residual material with low pressure water, washing with water and neutral detergent, with posterior rinsing. European treatment was according to the standards of the manufacturer of disinfectants. Procedures included dry and humid organic matter removal, humidification, washing with high pressure water, application of detergent, rinsing, and application of two compound disinfectants: glutaraldehyde (250 g/L) + formaldehyde (185 g/L); p-chloro-m-cresol (210 g/L). To evaluate the presence of Aspergillus spp., we collected samples from surfaces and equipment before and after cleaning and disinfection, at 7, 14, 28, and 42 days of experimental period. Mycological assessment included streaking on Petri dishes containing AFPA (Aspergillus Flavus and Parasiticus Agar, Sigma Aldrich®). Common cleaning and disinfection treatment led to a higher presence of fungus in floors and walls (83% vs. 0% p = 0.0030 and 50% vs. 0% p = 0.0450) in first and second experiments, respectively. As this study demonstrates by using the European procedures, performing a detailed cleaning and disinfection protocol reduces the presence of Aspergillus spp. in broiler facilities.(AU)

O presente estudo analisou a influência de dois protocolos de limpeza e desinfecção na frequência de Aspergillus spp. em instalações de frangos de corte. Realizou-se estudo observacional, aplicando-se dois protocolos de limpeza e desinfecção antes do alojamento de 960 pintainhos de um dia distribuídos aleatoriamente em 32 boxes com 30 aves. Foram realizados 2 experimentos independentes, que diferiam quanto ao material de cama, sendo nova no primeiro e reutilizada no segundo. Realizou-se dois tratamentos: Comum que incluiu varrição da matéria orgânica, umidificação do material residual com água sob baixa pressão, lavagem com detergente neutro e enxágue. O tratamento Europeu seguiu as recomendações do fabricante dos desinfetantes, incluindo remoção de matéria orgânica seca e úmida, umidificação, lavagem com água sob alta pressão, aplicação de detergente, enxágue e aplicação de dois desinfetantes compostos: glutaraldeído (250 g / L) + formaldeído (185 g / L); p-cloro-m-cresol (210 g / L). Foram coletadas amostras de superfícies e equipamentos antes e após a limpeza e desinfecção, aos 7, 14, 28 e 42 dias do período experimental para avaliação micológica, realizada em placas de Petri contendo AFPA (Aspergillus Flavus e Parasiticus Agar, Sigma Aldrich®). O tratamento Comum obteve maior presença de fungos nos pisos e paredes (83% vs. 0% p = 0,0030 e 50% vs. 0% p = 0,0450) no primeiro e segundo experimentos, respectivamente. Este estudo demonstra que a execução de um protocolo detalhado de limpeza e desinfecção, como o tratamento Europeu, reduz a presença de Aspergillus spp. em instalações de frangos de corte.(AU)

Reduction in the frequency of Aspergillus spp. in broiler facilities subjected to cleaning and disinfection / Redução na frequência de Aspergillus ssp. em instalações para frangos de corte submetidas à limpeza e desinfecção

The present study analyzes influence of two cleaning and disinfection protocols on frequency of Aspergillus spp. in broiler facilities. We conducted an observational study, applying two cleaning and disinfection protocols before housing 960 one-day-old broilers randomly allocated in 32 boxes with 30 birds. We considered two types of housing as independent experiments, which differed as to the bedding. First experiment consisted of new bedding materials, which we reused in second experiment. We applied two different treatments, Common treatment included sweeping organic matter, humidifying residual material with low pressure water, washing with water and neutral detergent, with posterior rinsing. European treatment was according to the standards of the manufacturer of disinfectants. Procedures included dry and humid organic matter removal, humidification, washing with high pressure water, application of detergent, rinsing, and application of two compound disinfectants: glutaraldehyde (250 g/L) + formaldehyde (185 g/L); p-chloro-m-cresol (210 g/L). To evaluate the presence of Aspergillus spp., we collected samples from surfaces and equipment before and after cleaning and disinfection, at 7, 14, 28, and 42 days of experimental period. Mycological assessment included streaking on Petri dishes containing AFPA (Aspergillus Flavus and Parasiticus Agar, Sigma Aldrich®). Common cleaning and disinfection treatment led to a higher presence of fungus in floors and walls (83% vs. 0% p = 0.0030 and 50% vs. 0% p = 0.0450) in first and second experiments, respectively. As this study demonstrates by using the European procedures, performing a detailed cleaning and disinfection protocol reduces the presence of Aspergillus spp. in broiler facilities.

O presente estudo analisou a influência de dois protocolos de limpeza e desinfecção na frequência de Aspergillus spp. em instalações de frangos de corte. Realizou-se estudo observacional, aplicando-se dois protocolos de limpeza e desinfecção antes do alojamento de 960 pintainhos de um dia distribuídos aleatoriamente em 32 boxes com 30 aves. Foram realizados 2 experimentos independentes, que diferiam quanto ao material de cama, sendo nova no primeiro e reutilizada no segundo. Realizou-se dois tratamentos: Comum que incluiu varrição da matéria orgânica, umidificação do material residual com água sob baixa pressão, lavagem com detergente neutro e enxágue. O tratamento Europeu seguiu as recomendações do fabricante dos desinfetantes, incluindo remoção de matéria orgânica seca e úmida, umidificação, lavagem com água sob alta pressão, aplicação de detergente, enxágue e aplicação de dois desinfetantes compostos: glutaraldeído (250 g / L) + formaldeído (185 g / L); p-cloro-m-cresol (210 g / L). Foram coletadas amostras de superfícies e equipamentos antes e após a limpeza e desinfecção, aos 7, 14, 28 e 42 dias do período experimental para avaliação micológica, realizada em placas de Petri contendo AFPA (Aspergillus Flavus e Parasiticus Agar, Sigma Aldrich®). O tratamento Comum obteve maior presença de fungos nos pisos e paredes (83% vs. 0% p = 0,0030 e 50% vs. 0% p = 0,0450) no primeiro e segundo experimentos, respectivamente. Este estudo demonstra que a execução de um protocolo detalhado de limpeza e desinfecção, como o tratamento Europeu, reduz a presença de Aspergillus spp. em instalações de frangos de corte.

Depressão e adesão ao tratamento no Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 / Depression and Treatment Adherence in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Introdução. O Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 possui elevada prevalência no Brasil. Muitos diabéticos apresentam depressão comórbida, e sua presença parece relacionar-se com piora clínica e interferir na adesão ao tratamento da patologia de base. A provável associação das doenças e consequente pior adesão à terapêutica instituída, justifica o empenho para identificar e tratar as duas variáveis em concomitância. Objetivo. Esse estudo visa verificar a possível relação entre sintomas depressivos e aderência à terapêutica instituída no diabetes. Métodos. Estudo transversal realizado no ambulatório de endocrinologia do Hospital Escola da Faculdade de Medicina de Barbacena e desenvolvido com uma amostra de 134 pacientes. Instrumentos: Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI) e Questionário de Atividades de Autocuidado com o Diabetes (QAD). Resultados. Quando comparados o grupo de pacientes classificados sem depressão ou com depressão leve com o de pacientes com depressão moderada ou grave, verificou-se significância estatística nas variáveis de autocuidado com alimentação e realização de atividades físicas, nas quais as menores médias de dias semanais seguindo recomendação associaram-se ao segundo grupo. Por meio do teste de Spearman entre os escores do BDI e a escala QAD, observa-se que quanto maior os escores da escala de depressão, menor o autocuidado. Os maiores escores no BDI foram associados à menor adesão nas variáveis: sexo feminino, indivíduos < 60 anos, casados, hipertensos e naqueles com menos de cinco anos de diagnóstico. Conclusão. Fica evidente a necessidade de uma intervenção psiquiátrica adequada nos que refiram queixas depressivas principalmente quando associadas a um controle metabólico inadequado. (AU)

Introduction. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has a high prevalence in Brazil. Many diabetics have comorbid depression, and their presence seems to be related to clinical worsening and interfere with adherence to treatment of baseline pathology. The probable association of the diseases and the consequent worse adherence to the instituted therapy, justifies the effort to identify and treat the two variables concurrently. Objective. This study aims to verify the possible relationship between depressive symptoms and adherence to therapy instituted in diabetes. Methods. Cross-sectional study conducted at the endocrinology clinic at The Teaching Hospital of Barbacena Medical College and developed with a sample of 134 patients. Instruments. Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ). Results. When comparing the group of patients classified without depression or mild depression with that of patients with moderate or severe depression, there was statistical significance in the variables of self-care with food and physical activity, in which the lowest averages of weekly days following recommendation were associated with the second group. Through the Spearman test between the BDI scores and the DSMQ scale, it is observed that the higher the scores on the depression scale, the lower the self-care. The highest BDI scores were associated with lower adherence to the variables: female gender, individuals <60 years, married, hypertensive and those with less than five years of diagnosis. Conclusion. The need for an appropriate psychiatric intervention is evident in those who report depressive complaints, especially when associated with inadequate metabolic control.(AU)

Ocotea pulchellaas an alternative against schistosomiasis: chemical analysis, development of nanoemulsion and biological control activity / Ocotea pulchellacomo una alternativa ante esquistosomiasis: análisis químico, desarrollo de una nanoemulsión y actividad en control biológico

The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of the essential oil (EO) from Ocotea pulchella leaves as an alternative in the control of schistosomiasis. It was tested O. pulchella EO nanoformulation to assess its activity against adult Biomphalaria glabrata, their spawning and Schistossoma mansoni cercariae. Additionally, the EO chemical composition was investigated by gas-chromatography. Nanoemulsion were elaborated by the low energy method. The adult mollusks, their spawning and cercariae were placed in contact with nanoemulsion to calculate lethal concentrations. Myristicin, bicyclogermacrene and α-Pinene were the main substances in the EO. Nanoemulsion caused mortality of adult B. glabrata, its egg embryos and S. mansoni. These results suggest the use of this nanoemulsion as an alternative in the control of the schistosomiasis cycle.

El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el potencial de los aceites esenciales (AE) de las hojas de Ocotea pulchellacomo una alternativa en el control de esquistosomiasis. Se probó una nanoformulación de AE de O. pulchellapara evaluar su actividad ante adultos de Biomphalaria glabrata, sus huevos y cercarías de Schistossoma mansoni. La nanoemulsión fue elaborada por el método de baja energía. Los moluscos adultos, sus huevos y cercarías se colocaron en contacto con la nanoemulsión para calcular concentraciones letales. Los compuestos mayoritarios en el AE fueron miristicina, biciclogermacreno y α-pineno. La nanoemulsión causó mortalidad en adultos de B. glabrata, sus huevos y a S. mansoni. Los resultados sugieren el uso de esta nanoemulsión como una alternativa en el control del ciclo de esquistosomiasis.

Chemical composition and acaricidal activity of Ocotea notata (Lauraceae), an endemic species from Brazil, against the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus / Composición química y actividad acaricida de Ocotea notata (Lauraceae), una especie endémica de Brasil, contra la garrapata del ganado Rhipicephalus microplus

Rhipicephalus microplus, is one parasites that cause severe productivity losses in the cattle industry of Brazil and shows increasing resistance to conventional pesticides. This research aims to study the chemical composition, and acaricidal activity of the essential oil from Ocotea notata leaves, a brazilian endemic species, against R. microplus. The effect on R. microplus engorged adult females was evaluated using the immersion test. The oil reduced the survival by 90% after incubation for 15 days and there was 100% reduction for posture inhibition and reproductive capacity. These results suggest that the O. notata essential oil has activity on the R. microplus.

Rhipicephalus microplus, es un parásito que causa graves pérdidas de productividad en la industria ganadera de Brasil y muestra una creciente resistencia a los pesticidas convencionales. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo estudiar la composición química y la actividad acaricida del aceite esencial de las hojas de Ocotea notata, una especie endémica brasileña, contra R. microplus. El efecto sobre las hembras adultas engordadas de R. microplus se evaluó mediante la prueba de inmersión. El aceite redujo la supervivencia en 90% después de la incubación durante 15 días y hubo una reducción del 100% para la inhibición de la postura y la capacidad reproductiva. Estos resultados sugieren que el aceite esencial de O. notata tiene actividad contra R. microplus.

Antioxidant effect and chemical composition of Ananas comosus [L.] Merr. peels from Peruvian northern / Efecto antioxidante y composición química de las cascaras de Ananas comosus [L.] Merr. del norte peruano

Pineapple peels has several beneficial properties including antioxidant activity. We investigated the antioxidant effect of five different peels of pineapple lyophilized extracts, not adsorbed and adsorbed onto Amberlite. They were examined using total phenolic contents (TPC), antioxidant effect by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). In addition, we analyzed the chemical composition by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. The main constituents of pineapple peels were tentatively identified as quercetin glycosides and N,N'-diferuloylspermidine. We conclude that the antioxidant activity in pineapple peels from District of Poroto, Province of Trujillo, Region of La Libertad, can be associated with the presence of flavonoid and spermidines.

Las cáscaras de piña tienen varias propiedades beneficiosas, incluida la actividad antioxidante. Investigamos el efecto antioxidante de cinco exfoliaciones diferentes de extracto liofilizado de piña, no adsorbidas y adsorbidas en Amberlita. Se examinaron utilizando los contenidos fenólicos totales (TPC), el efecto antioxidante mediante la eliminación del radical 1,1-difenil-2-picril-hidrazilo (DPPH) y el poder férrico antioxidante reductor (FRAP). Además, analizamos la composición química por HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. Los principales constituyentes de las cáscaras de piña se identificaron tentativamente como glucósidos de quercetina y N,N'- diferuloylspermidina. Concluimos que la actividad antioxidante en las cáscaras de piña del Distrito de Poroto, Provincia de Trujillo, Región de La Libertad, puede estar asociada con la presencia de flavonoides y espermidinas.

Diagnosis, management, and follow-up of extensive dermoid cyst of the submental region.

Dermoid cyst (DC) is a cystic lesion of developmental origin and uncertain etiology that rarely affects the floor of the mouth. We report a case of a large lesion found in the submental and submandibular region in a 25-year-old male patient. Computed tomography revealed extensive hypodense lesion in the submental and submandibular space without peripheral enhancement. The microscopical analysis showed a cystic cavity lined by orthokeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The cystic capsule was composed of dense fibrous connective tissue containing cutaneous attachments, such as sebaceous and sweat glands. The diagnosis of DC was made. The differential diagnosis of expansive sublingual lesions can be clinically challenging due to the similarity with several lesions frequently observed in this region. Herein, we describe a case of extensive DC arising in the floor of the mouth, presenting clinical, imaging, and microscopical features.

Chemical composition by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS: Estrogenic and antioxidant effects of Mangifera indica L. cv. "Kent" leave extracts on ovariectomized rats / Composición química por HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS: efectos estrogénicos y antioxidantes de extractos de Mangifera indica L. cv. "Kent" en ratas ovariectomizadas

The chemical composition of Mangifera indica L. cv. "Kent" leaves was determined by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. Polyphenolic compounds characterized as benzophenone derivatives were the main components found in extracts (1, maclurin 3-C-(2-O-galloyl)-D- glucoside isomer; 2, maclurin 3-C---D-glucoside; 3, iriflophenone 3-C---D-glucoside; 5, maclurin 3-C-(2,3-di-O-galloyl)---D-glucoside; 6, iriflophenone 3-C-(2-O-galloyl)---D-glucoside; 7, methyl-iriflophenone 3-C-(2,6-di-O-galloyl)---D-glucoside) and xanthones (4, mangiferin and 8, 6-O-galloyl-mangiferin). The estrogenic and antioxidant effects of aqueous extracts from Mangifera indica L. cv. "Kent" leaves on ovariectomized rats were determined by uterotrophic assay and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in erythrocytes, bone, liver, and stomach. We conclude that the polyphenolic compounds from extracts act as exogenous antioxidant agents against oxidative damage in ovariectomized rats.

La composición química de las hojas de Mangifera indica L. cv. "Kent" se determinó por HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. Compuestos polifenólicos caracterizados como derivados de benzofenona fueron los componentes principales encontrados en los extractos (1, isómero de la maclurina 3-C-(2-O-galoyil)-D-glucósido; 2, maclurina 3-C-ß-D-glucósido; 3, iriflofenona 3-C-ß-D-glucósido; 5, maclurina 3-C-(2,3-di-O-galloíl)-ß-D-glucósido; 6, iriflofenona 3-C-(2-O-galloil)-ß-D-glucósido; 7, metil-iriflofenona 3-C-(2,6-di-O- galloyl)-ß-D-glucósido) y xantonas (4, mangiferina y 8, 6-O-galoyil-mangiferina). Los efectos estrogénicos y antioxidantes de los extractos acuosos de hojas de Mangifera indica L. cv. "Kent" en ratas ovariectomizadas se determinaron mediante ensayo uterotrófico y la medición de los niveles de malondialdehído (MDA) en eritrocitos, huesos, hígado y estómago. Concluimos que los compuestos polifenólicos de los extractos actúan como agentes antioxidantes exógenos contra el daño oxidativo en ratas ovariectomizadas.

Nanoemulsion containing essential oil from Xylopia ochrantha Mart. produces molluscicidal effects against different species of Biomphalaria (Schistosoma hosts).

BACKGROUND: This work describes a chemical study of the essential oil from leaves of Xylopia ochrantha, an endemic Annonaceae species from Brazil, and its activity against Biomphalaria species. Considering its poor solubility in aqueous medium, the essential oil was nanoemulsified to evaluate its action on controlling some mollusc species of genus Biomphalaria, snail hosts of Schistosoma mansoni that causes schistosomiasis, which mainly affects tropical and subtropical countries. OBJECTIVES: The main aims of this work were to analyse the chemical composition of essential oil from X. ochrantha, and to evaluate the effect of its nanoemulsion on molluscs of genus Biomphalaria and their oviposition. METHODS: Chemical analysis was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Nanoemulsions were prepared by a low energy method and characterised by particle size and polydispersity index. Biological assays evaluating the mortality of adult species of B. glabrata, B. straminea and B. tenagophila and their ovipositions upon contact with the most stable nanoemulsion during 24 and 48 h were performed. FINDINGS: Chemical analysis by mass spectrometry revealed the majority presence of bicyclogermacrene and germacrene D in the essential oil. The formulation with a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of 9.26 was the most suitable for the oil delivery system. This nanoemulsion caused the mortality in B. tenagophila, B. straminea and B. glabarata of different sizes at levels ranging from 50 to 100% in 48 h. Additionally, the formulation could inhibit the development of deposited eggs. CONCLUSION: Thus, these results suggest the use of nanoemulsified essential oil from X. ochrantha as a possible alternative in controlling some Biomphalaria species involved in the schistosomiasis cycle.

Nanoemulsions of Essential Oils: New Tool for Control of Vector-Borne Diseases and In Vitro Effects on Some Parasitic Agents.

The control of infectious/parasitic diseases is a continuing challenge for global health, which in turn requires new methods of action and the development of innovative agents to be used in its prevention and/or treatment. In this context, the control of vectors and intermediate hosts of etiological agents is an efficient method in the prevention of human and veterinary diseases. In later stages, it is necessary to have bioactive compounds that act efficiently on the agents that produce the disease. However, several synthetic agents have strong residual effects in humans and other animals and cause environmental toxicity, affecting fauna, flora and unbalancing the local ecosystem. Many studies have reported the dual activity of the essential oils (EOs): (i) control of vectors that are important in the cycle of disease transmission, and (ii) relevant activity against pathogens. In general, EOs have an easier degradation and cause less extension of environmental contamination. However, problems related to solubility and stability lead to the development of efficient vehicles for formulations containing EOs, such as nanoemulsions. Therefore, this systematic review describes several studies performed with nanoemulsions as carriers of EOs that have larvicidal, insecticidal, repellent, acaricidal and antiparasitic activities, and thus can be considered as alternatives in the vector control of infectious and parasitic diseases, as well as in the combat against etiological agents of parasitic origin.

Qualidade de vida e funcionalidade nos pacientes com desordens do manguito rotador / Quality of life and functionality in patients with rotator cuff disorders

OBJETIVO: Verificar se existe correlação entre os domínios da qualidade de vida e a funcionalidade nos pacientes com desordens do manguito rotador. MÉTODO: Estudo do tipo transversal com 109 pacientes avaliados entre outubro 2013 e fevereiro 2014. Para avaliar a qualidade de vida foi utilizado o questionário WORC, e as escalas UCLA e ASES para avaliação da funcionalidade. RESULTADO: Amostra de 73 mulheres e 36 homens (média de idade: 52,3 anos+12,8). O ombro avaliado foi o direito em 63 pacientes (57,8%). O WORC apresentou correlação positiva alta com as escalas UCLA (r= 0,73) e ASES (r= 0,77). Ao analisar o WORC verificou-se correlação mais forte com a UCLA no domínio "Trabalho" (r=0,74), e menor no domínio "Esporte/Recreação" (r= 0,67). Quando comparado o WORC com a ASES identificou-se a maior correlação com o domínio "Trabalho" (r= 0,79) e menor correlação com o domínio "Emoções" (r= 0,64). CONCLUSÃO: Alterações na funcionalidade, frequentes nestas desordens, impactam na qualidade de vida em especial no domínio "Trabalho".

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the correlation between different domains of quality of life and functionality in patients with rotator cuff disorders. METHODS: Cross sectional study with 109 patients evaluated between October 2013 and February 2014. The WORC questionnaire was used to evaluate quality of life, and the UCLA and ASES scales to evaluate functionality. RESULTS: The sample included 73 female and 36 males (mean age 52,3+12,8 years). The right shoulder was evaluated in 63 patients (57,8%). There was a high positive correlation between the WORC results and the UCLA (r= 0,73) and ASES (r= 0,77) scales. There was a stronger correlation between the WORC and the UCLA in the "Work" domain (r= 0,74), and a weaker correlation in the "Sport/Recreation" domain (r= 0,67). When comparing the WORC with the ASES scale, a higher correlation was identified with the "Work" domain (r=0,79) and a lower correlation with the "Emotions" domain (r= 0,64). CONCLUSION: Alterations in functionality, frequent in RCD, have a considerable impact in the quality of life in special to the "Work" domain.

Exigência de proteína bruta para codornas europeias / Crude protein requirements for European quails

A precisão no atendimento das exigências nutricionais é de grande importância na produção de codornas, porém há ausência de consenso quanto às recomendações de proteína bruta (PB) para codornas de linhagens específicas para corte. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a exigência de PB para codornas europeias sobre o desempenho e sobre as características de carcaça. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5 × 2, sendo cinco níveis de PB para machos e fêmeas. Na fase inicial (1 a 21dias), foram utilizadas 1.800 codornas e níveis de PB de 20,0, 22,5, 25,0, 27,5 e 30,0%, com seis repetições contendo 30 aves cada. Na fase de crescimento (22 a 45 dias), foram usadas 1.620 codornas e níveis de PB de 17,5, 19,5, 22,0, 24,5 e 27,0%, com seis repetições contendo 27 aves cada. As dietas foram fareladas a base de milho e farelo de soja. O desempenho das codornas foi avaliado ao final de cada período, e o rendimento de carcaça no 45º dia. Aos 21 dias houve maior ganho de peso e melhor conversão alimentar, independentemente do sexo, com 25,50% e 27,06% de PB, respectivamente. No período de 22 a 45 dias, observou-se somente efeito do sexo, sendo que as fêmeas obtiveram desempenho superior. Com relação às características de carcaça, os machos obtiveram maior rendimento de carcaças (quente, fria e dorso); já as fêmeas, apresentaram maior rendimento de cortes (peito, moela e fígado).

Accuracy in meeting nutritional requirements has great importance in quail nutrition however there is a lack of consensus on crude protein (CP) recommendations specific for European quails. The present study aimed to define crude protein requirements for European quails on performance and carcass characteristics. A completely randomized design was used in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with five CP levels for male and female quails. In the starting phase (1 to 21 days) it was used 1,800 quails and CP levels were 20,0, 22,5, 25,0, 27,5 and 30,0%, with six replicates containing 30 birds each. In the growth phase (22 to 45 days) it was used 1.620 quails and CP levels were 17,5, 19,5, 22,0, 24,5 and 27,0%, with six replicates containing 27 birds each. Theirs d was a corn soybean based diet in grounded form. The performance of the quails was evaluated in the end of each experimental phase and carcass yield in 45 days. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio was higher for 25,50% and 27,06% respectively, regardless of gender, in 21 days. In the growth phase, it was observed just gender effect in which female quails had higher performance. For carcass characteristics, male quails obtained higher carcass and dorse yield and female quails higher breast, liver and gizzard yields.

Exigência de proteína bruta para codornas europeias / Crude protein requirements for European quails

A precisão no atendimento das exigências nutricionais é de grande importância na produção de codornas, porém há ausência de consenso quanto às recomendações de proteína bruta (PB) para codornas de linhagens específicas para corte. O presente estudo teve como objetivo determinar a exigência de PB para codornas europeias sobre o desempenho e sobre as características de carcaça. Foi utilizado o delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 5 × 2, sendo cinco níveis de PB para machos e fêmeas. Na fase inicial (1 a 21dias), foram utilizadas 1.800 codornas e níveis de PB de 20,0, 22,5, 25,0, 27,5 e 30,0%, com seis repetições contendo 30 aves cada. Na fase de crescimento (22 a 45 dias), foram usadas 1.620 codornas e níveis de PB de 17,5, 19,5, 22,0, 24,5 e 27,0%, com seis repetições contendo 27 aves cada. As dietas foram fareladas a base de milho e farelo de soja. O desempenho das codornas foi avaliado ao final de cada período, e o rendimento de carcaça no 45º dia. Aos 21 dias houve maior ganho de peso e melhor conversão alimentar, independentemente do sexo, com 25,50% e 27,06% de PB, respectivamente. No período de 22 a 45 dias, observou-se somente efeito do sexo, sendo que as fêmeas obtiveram desempenho superior. Com relação às características de carcaça, os machos obtiveram maior rendimento de carcaças (quente, fria e dorso); já as fêmeas, apresentaram maior rendimento de cortes (peito, moela e fígado).(AU)

Accuracy in meeting nutritional requirements has great importance in quail nutrition however there is a lack of consensus on crude protein (CP) recommendations specific for European quails. The present study aimed to define crude protein requirements for European quails on performance and carcass characteristics. A completely randomized design was used in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, with five CP levels for male and female quails. In the starting phase (1 to 21 days) it was used 1,800 quails and CP levels were 20,0, 22,5, 25,0, 27,5 and 30,0%, with six replicates containing 30 birds each. In the growth phase (22 to 45 days) it was used 1.620 quails and CP levels were 17,5, 19,5, 22,0, 24,5 and 27,0%, with six replicates containing 27 birds each. Theirs d was a corn soybean based diet in grounded form. The performance of the quails was evaluated in the end of each experimental phase and carcass yield in 45 days. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio was higher for 25,50% and 27,06% respectively, regardless of gender, in 21 days. In the growth phase, it was observed just gender effect in which female quails had higher performance. For carcass characteristics, male quails obtained higher carcass and dorse yield and female quails higher breast, liver and gizzard yields.(AU)