Ansiedade dos bebês durante o tratamento restaurador atraumático (ART) / Anxiety in babies during atraumatic restorative treatment (ART)

O objetivo foi avaliar o nível de ansiedade dos bebês comparando o ART com a abordagem restauradora convencional. Os dados analisados são referentes à clínica de pesquisa em ART da Fousp. Foram 9 pacientes divididos em 2 grupos: Grupo ART (11 restaurações atraumáticas em 4 bebês) e Grupo Convencional (10 restaurações convencionais em 5 bebês). O nível de ansiedade foi avaliado por meio do registro do comportamento pelo índice de Venham. As avaliações foram realizadas nos seguintes momentos: início do tratamento, isolamento/anestesia local, remoção do tecido cariado, momento da restauração, final da sessão. Em geral, as médias se mostraram mais elevadas nas crianças submetidas ao tratamento convencional, entretanto não houve diferença estatisticamente significante na comparação das duas abordagens restauradoras. O comportamento dos bebês durante as abordagens restauradoras (ART e convencional) é semelhante. Porém, por apresentar evidência científica de efetividade restauradora e reduzir o tempo de tratamento, o Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático está indicado para bebês.

The objective was to assess the level of anxiety in babies comparing ART with conventional restorative approach. The data analyzed refer to a clinical research in ART of FOUSP. Nine patients were divided into 2 groups: Group ART (11 atraumatic restorations in 4 babies) and Conventional Group (10 conventional restorations in 5 babies). The anxiety was assessed by recording the behavior throuh Venham index. Evaluations were performed at the following times: baseline, local anestesia/rubber dam, caries removal, restore time, end of treatment. In general, the averages were more elevated in children undergoing conventional treatment, however there was no statistically significant difference when comparing the two restorative approaches. The babies behavior during the restorative approaches (ART and conventional) is similar. However, because it presents scientific evidence of restorative effectiveness and reduces the time of treatment, the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment is indicated for babies.

Trends and associated factors in prevalence of dental trauma in Latin America and Caribbean: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to perform a systematic review on the prevalence of, and trends in, dental trauma in permanent teeth in 'Latin America and Caribbean' region and possible factors associated with this injury. METHODS: Literature search was carried out, in PubMed database up to 07 July 2011, for articles written in Portuguese, Spanish, or English reporting on dental trauma prevalence in the Latin American and Caribbean countries. Meta-analyses were undertaken by using random effects modeling to satisfy the purposes of this review. Pooled estimates were calculated with a confidence interval of 95% (95% CI) both for prevalence and odds ratios (OR). RESULTS: This online searching strategy collected and listed 2436 articles on this topic. After evaluating their titles and abstracts, only 24 were finally selected for complete review and data collection. All studies had been performed during adolescence, mostly in 12-year-old adolescents. The pooled prevalence of dental trauma in permanent teeth was 18.6%. Positive summary association of dental trauma with boys (pooled OR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.57-1.89), inadequate lip coverage (pooled OR = 2.26; 95% CI: 1.45-3.52), and increased overjet (>5 mm) (pooled OR = 1.98; 95% CI: 1.61-2.44) were observed across all meta-analysis models. Differences in estimation could be observed when different criteria were used for evaluating dental trauma. On the other hand, prevalence of dental trauma did not tend to show sudden changes over time, despite criteria used. Prevalence of dental trauma after 2000s tended to decrease over time. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 15-20% of the adolescents in Latin American and Caribbean countries have shown some type of dental trauma in permanent teeth, and it seems there is a trend of decreasing prevalence of dental trauma in the studied areas of this region. Boys, adolescents presenting inadequate lip coverage, or an increased overjet greater than 5 mm are more likely to have traumatic dental injuries.

Predictive factors for pulp necrosis in traumatized primary incisors: a longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to assess factors associated with occurrence of pulp necrosis (PN) in traumatized primary incisors, which may contribute to the prognosis of this outcome. DESIGN: Data were collected by single examiner through the analysis of clinical files of traumatized patients. The occurrence of PN in traumatized teeth was the evaluated outcome. Poisson regression analysis was applied to calculate the relative risk (RR) and the respective 95% confidence interval. RESULTS: Five hundred and twenty-one files were assessed, summing up 727 traumatized primary incisors. The proportion of teeth affected by PN was 23.8%. Multiple regression analysis indicated the following factors as positively associated with PN: trauma with displacement, pulp exposure fracture, self-report of pain, yellow, grey and brown crown discoloration, internal root resorption, and bone loss. Trauma in 4- to 5-year old and more than 5-year-old children, pulp canal obliteration, and external root resorption with bone formation were negatively associated with PN. CONCLUSIONS: Teeth that suffered more aggressive injuries, pain, some types of discoloration, and other radiographic findings (for instance, internal root resorption) are positively associated with the occurrence of PN. On the other hand, trauma in older children, canal obliteration, or external resorption show less probability of PN.

Pulp polyp in traumatized primary teeth--a case-control study.

AIM: To assess clinical characteristics and other factors associated with the occurrence of pulp polyp in traumatized primary teeth as well to evaluate the impact of pulp polyp occurrence on clinical decision-making after traumatic injuries. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study was divided into three phases. First, occurrence and clinical characteristics of pulp polyp were assessed followed by a descriptive analysis and categorical tests of association. Secondly, a case-control design was used, and the occurrence of pulp polyp was set as the outcome. In third phase, the occurrence of pulp polyp after fracture with pulp exposure was investigated as a variable possibly associated with clinical decision-making (dental extraction/endodontic treatment). Logistic regression analyses were used, and odds ratios and 95% confidence interval (OR; 95% CI) were calculated in second and third phases. RESULTS: Occurrence of pulp polyp in traumatized primary teeth was of 2.3%. Hyperplastic tissue color and proliferation size were not associated with the time to seek treatment after injury (P > 0.05). Children up to 2 years of age had more chance of having pulp polyp in comparison with older children (3.15; 1.15-8.64). Teeth with crown-root fracture had more chance of dental extraction in the therapeutic approach than the teeth with only crown fracture (4.36; 1.10-17.32). Presence of pulp polyp was not associated with the treatment carried out. CONCLUSIONS: Occurrence of pulp polyp in traumatized primary teeth is not frequent and is associated with the age when traumatic dental injury occurs but does not interfere directly with the therapeutic approach.

The impact of dental caries and trauma in children on family quality of life.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of children's dental caries (DC) and traumatic dental injuries (TDI) on parents' quality of life (QoL), adjusted by family income. METHODS: Parents of 219 children aged 5 and 6 years answered the Family Impact Scale (FIS) on their perception of QoL and data about income. Three calibrated dentists examined the severity of DC according to decayed, missing and filled permanent teeth index, and children were categorized into: 0 = caries free; 1-5 = low severity; and ≥ 6 = high severity. TDI were classified into uncomplicated and complicated injuries. QoL was measured through FIS items and total score, and Poisson regression was used to associate the variables with the outcome. RESULTS: Severity of DC showed a negative impact on the total score and subscales on parental/family activities, parental emotions and financial burden (P < 0.001). TDI showed a negative impact on total score and in some FIS items. The multivariate-adjusted model showed that only the increase in the severity of children's DC (RR = 3.19; 95% CI = 2.36, 4.31; P < 0.001) was associated with a greater negative impact on parents' QoL, while high family income was a protective factor (RR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.48, 0.95; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The severity of children's DC has a negative impact on parents' QoL, whereas TDI do not. A lower family income might have a negative impact on parents' QoL.

Prevalência de traumatismo em dentes decíduos e fatores associados: revisão sistemática e meta-análise / Prevalence of dental trauma in deciduous teeth and associated factors: systematic review and meta-analysis

O objetivo dessa revisão sistemática foi avaliar a prevalência de traumatismo em dentes decíduos, analisando fatores associados e possíveis tendências em relação à ocorrência desse agravo. Assim, busca com termos relacionados ao trauma dental e à dentição decídua foi realizada. Após critérios de inclusão e exclusão, os artigos selecionados foram analisados. Meta-análises com os dados de prevalência de traumatismo em dentes decíduos no mundo, e em subgrupos (classificações, dentes e idades avaliadas), assim como no Brasil e em suas regiões foram realizadas, complementadas pela análise da tendência do agravo nessas populações. Além disso, meta-análise com os valores de Odds Ratio (OR) e Intervalo de Confiança (IC) das variáveis sexo, idade, maloclusões, renda e escolaridade materna foram realizadas. A busca foi realizada para artigos que relatavam trauma dental em dentes decíduos indexados no PubMed até o dia 18 de abril de 2012 e listou 953 artigos. Após critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 34 (3,6%) estavam relacionados ao escopo dessa revisão sistemática. A prevalência agregada de traumatismo em dentes decíduos no mundo é de 23% e apresenta tendência discreta de aumento. No grupo de estudos que utilizaram classificações que avaliam trauma periodontal, a prevalência agregada é de 26% com tendência de aumento, enquanto que no grupo de estudos que utilizam classificações que não contemplam esse tipo de trauma, a prevalência agregada diminui para 20%, assim como a tendência passa a ser de diminuição da prevalência. O grupo de estudos que analisou todos os dentes anteriores apresenta prevalência agregada de 25%, enquanto que os que avaliaram apenas dentes anteriores superiores e apenas incisivos apresentam 17% e 23%, respectivamente. A meta-análise do grupo de estudos que avaliou faixas etárias maiores que um ano apresentou prevalência agregada de 23%. São fatores positivamente associados a prevalência de traumatismo em dentes decíduos: ser do sexo masculino (OR=1,20;IC:1,09;1,33), ter quatro anos (OR=2,18;IC:1,66;2,86), apresentar mordida aberta anterior (OR=2,26;IC:1,38;3,70), sobressaliência acentuada (OR=2,51;IC:1,66;3,79), incompetência labial (OR=1,66;IC:1,26;2,20), a família ter renda superior a oito salários mínimos (OR=0,79;IC:0,69;0,92) e a mãe ter mais de oito anos de estudo (OR=1,30;IC:1,01;1,66). A prevalência agregada de traumatismo em dentes decíduos no Brasil é de 26% e apresenta tendência de aumento com os anos. A região sudeste e sul apresentam prevalência agregada em torno de 29% e 31%, respectivamente, com tendência de aumento, enquanto a região nordeste apresenta 19% com tendência de diminuir a prevalência com o passar dos anos. Podemos concluir que por volta de 23% dos pré-escolares apresentam traumatismo em dentes decíduos sendo que ser do sexo masculino, ter mais idade, apresentar mordida aberta anterior, sobressaliência acentuada, incompetência labial, a família ter renda superior a oito salários mínimos e a mãe ter mais de oito anos de estudo são fatores que aumentam a chance do agravo estar presente. Além disso, a utilização de classificações que contemplam todos os tipos de trauma dental, avaliar dentes anteriores superiores e inferiores em faixas etárias amplas parece contribuir para resultados mais realistas quando o objetivo é estudar o comportamento do traumatismo em dentes decíduos.

The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the prevalence of dental trauma in deciduous teeth, assessing associated factors and possible trends concerned to the occurrence of this disorder. For this purpose, search for terms related to dental trauma and deciduous dentition was performed. Upon considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, the selected material was analyzed. Afterwards, meta-analysis was performed based on the data recorded on the prevalence of dental trauma in deciduous teeth worldwide and in subgroups (classifications, teeth and ages assessed) as well as in Brazil and its regions, complemented by the trend analysis of this injury. Meta-analysis with Odds Ratio (OR) and Confidence Interval (CI) values of variables as sex, age, malocclusions, income and maternal level of education was performed. Literature search was carried out for articles reporting on dental trauma prevalence in deciduous teeth indexed in PubMed up to April 18, 2012, and listed 953 articles. Upon analyzing the studies for inclusion and exclusion purposes, 34 (3,6%) essays were related to the scope of this systematic review. The pooled prevalence of trauma in deciduous teeth worldwide is 23% showing a slight tendency to increase over the years. The study group that used classifications which evaluate traumas in the supportive tissue showed a pooled prevalence of 26% with a trend to increase, while in the study group which adopt classifications that do not contemplate this type of trauma, the pooled prevalence decreases to 20%, with a trend to decrease over the years. The study group which analyzed all anterior teeth demonstrated a pooled prevalence of 25%, while the study group which evaluated only anterior upper teeth and only incisors evidenced 17% and 23%, respectively.

E-learning used in a training course on atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) for Brazilian dentists.

The purpose of this study was to assess the benefits of using e-learning resources in a dental training course on Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART). This e-course was given in a DVD format, which presented the ART technique and philosophy. The participants were twenty-four dentists from the Brazilian public health system. Prior to receiving the DVD, the dentists answered a questionnaire regarding their personal data, previous knowledge about ART, and general interest in training courses. The dentists also participated in an assessment process consisting of a test applied before and after the course. A single researcher corrected the tests, and intraexaminer reproducibility was calculated (kappa=0.89). Paired t-tests were carried out to compare the means between the assessments, showing a significant improvement in the performance of the subjects on the test taken after the course (p<0.05). A linear regression model was used with the difference between the means as the outcome. A greater improvement on the test results was observed among female dentists (p=0.034), dentists working for a shorter period of time in the public health system (p=0.042), and dentists who used the ART technique only for urgent and/or temporary treatment (p=0.010). In conclusion, e-learning has the potential of improving the knowledge that dentists working in the public health system have about ART, especially those with less clinical experience and less knowledge about the subject.

Aspecto emocional dos bebês envolvidos no Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático (ART): estudo clínico piloto / Emotional aspects in todlers involved in the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART): pilot study

Objetivo - Estudos clínicos que envolvem bebês e Tratamento Restaurador Atraumático (ART) são necessários para a construção da evidência científica no que se refere à busca por tratamento odontológico eficiente que envolva níveis reduzidos de estresse para esta faixa etária. O propósito deste estudo piloto foi avaliar o grau de desconforto envolvido no atendimento odontológico em bebês comparando a técnica do ART com a abordagem convencional que envolve utilização de técnicas anestésicas e isolamento absoluto. Métodos - Foram selecionadas 2 crianças com aproximadamente 30 meses apresentando, pelo menos, dois molares com lesão de cárie oclusal em dentina. Dois dentes, um de cada criança, foram tratados segundo o ART e os outros dois dentes foram tratados de maneira convencional, caracterizando um estudo do tipo split-mouth. A extensão do desconforto foi avaliada por meio da medição da frequência cardíaca e registrando o comportamento geral do bebê de acordo com escala modificada de Venham10 (1980). Resultados - Foi constatado que na maior parte do tempo os bebês apresentaram frequência cardíaca superior ao considerado normal para esta faixa etária, evidenciando a ansiedade relacionada ao tratamento odontológico. Além disso, observaram-se valores de batimento cardíaco semelhantes ou inferiores para as sessões nas quais o tratamento utilizado foi o ART e os valores da escala modificada de Venham foram semelhantes ou inferiores para o tratamento convencional. Conclusão - Considerando a frequência cardíaca como critério de avaliação de estresse menos subjetivo, conclui-se que os bebês submetidos ao ART apresentam menor desconforto emocional quando comparado ao tratamento convencional.

Objective - Clinical studies involving babies and Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) is needed for the scientific evidence construction regarding an efficient dental treatment involving low levels of stress on this special age. The purpose of this pilot study was to evaluate the degree of discomfort involved in dental care in babies comparing ART with conventional approach. Methods - Two children about 30 months with at least two molars with occlusal caries in dentin were selected. Two teeth, one for each child, were treated according to ART and the other two teeth were treated in the conventional manner, featuring a split-mouth study. The extent of discomfort was assessed by measuring heart rate and recording the general behavior of the baby according to the Venham's10 (1980) scale modified. The records of heart rate and behavior of the child were performed by the same researcher who did not participate actively in clinical procedures. Results - It was found that most of the time the babies heart rate had exceeded normal levels for this age group, highlighting the anxiety related to dental treatment. In addition, we observed heart rate values similar or inferior to the sessions when ART was used and Venham's scale values similar or inferior to conventional treatment. Conclusion - Considering the heart rate as a criterion for evaluation of stress less subjective, it was concluded that babies undergoing Atraumatic Restorative Treatment have less emotional distress when compared to conventional treatment.

Técnica de microabrasão do esmalte em dentes decíduos / Enamel microabrasion technique in deciduos teeth

A técnica da microabrasão tem sido utilizada como alternativa de tratamento para remoção de diferentes tipos de alterações superficiais do esmalte por ser um método conservador. A microabrasão do esmalte melhora a estética do dente, pois devolve o brilho e a lisura superficial, sem perda significante de estrutura, desde que seja indicado adequadamente. É um método seguro, que pode ser utilizado inclusive em crianças pequenas, desde que medidas de segurança para olhos e tecidos moles sejam aplicadas. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever a técnica de microabrasão com dois materiais, o ácido fosfórico gel a 37% misturado com pedra pomes e o OpalustreR (Ultradent Products Inc.), e abordar alguns cuidados que devem ser observados durante a aplicação.

Desenvolvimento de material didático dinâmico em odontopediatria para utização na teleodontologia: utilização do software Macromedia Flash / Development of pediatric dentistry educational materials for use in teledentistry: use of macromedia flash software

Atualmente, a internet está sendo utilizada como recurso didático de auxílio às aulas presenciais ou para realização de disciplinas à distância. Na Odontologia, assim como em outras áreas, a Teleducação vem avançando e ocupando espaço nos cursos de graduação e pós-graduação. A Teleodontologia amplia as condições de aprendizagem do aluno, facilitando o contato com diferentes materiais e trazendo oportunidade de escolha do momento de estudo. A preparação de material didático pelos tutores deve ser prioridade, como forma de estimular o aprendizado do aluno. Este trabalho descreve a utilização do software Macromedia Flash® para desenvolvimento de material didático dinâmico relativo à progressão da lesão de cárie e traumatismo dentário, executado por duas alunas da turma de pós-graduação em Odontopediatria da Faculdade de Odontologia da USP...

Currently, websites are being widely used as a resource to support traditional teaching lessons or for long distance teaching. In dentistry, as well as in other areas, teleeducation is moving forward and taking up space in undergraduate and graduate courses. Teledentistry extends the student's learning, since it enables contact with different materials and offers the opportunity to study at the most appropriate moment. The development of dynamic educational material by tutors should be a priority, as a way to stimulate student's learning. This paper describes the use of Macromedia Flash® software used to development educational materials on the progression dental carious lesions and dental trauma. These were developed by two pediatric dentistry is graduate students at the Faculty of Dentistry at USP...

Tratamento restaurador atraumático em cavidades atípicas / Atraumatic restorative treatment in atypical cavities

O tratamento restaurador atraumático tem sido bem difundido entre os profissionais da área de Odontopediatria. Essa técnica restauradora está inserida na filosofia de mínima intervenção e é considerada como uma das mais conservadoras, pois há somente a realização da remoção do tecido dentinário infectado. Além disso, o tratamento restaurador atraumático mostra-se menos doloroso que a técnica convencional, sendo a anestesia raramente requerida. Após a remoção do tecido dentário infectado, realiza-se o preenchimento das cavidades com o cimento ionômero de vidro, material que possui capacidade antimicrobiana, bom selamento marginal e liberação e recarga de flúor constante. Apesar do aumento no número de estudos sobre esse tratamento, somente trabalhos com restaurações em cavidades oclusais mostram evidências científicas sobre a técnica. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar o caso clínico de um paciente com grandes destruições nos dentes decíduos, o qual foi submetido ao tratamento restaurador atraumático e observar o resultado da técnica após um ano de acompanhamento clínico e radiográfico.

The atraumatic restorative treatment has been widely divulged among professionals in the area of Pediatric Dentistry. This restorative technique is included in the philosophy of Minimal Intervention and is considered one of the most conservative treatments, because only the layer of infected dentin caries is removed. Moreover, the atraumatic restorative treatment has been shown to be less painful than conventional approaches, and local anesthesia is rarely required. After the removal of the infected dentin, the cavities are filled with glass ionomer cement, a material that has antimicrobial capacity, good marginal sealing and constant fluorine release and recharge. In spite of the increasing number of studies about atraumatic restorative treatment, only studies related to restorations in occlusal cavities have shown scientific evidences about the technique. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of atraumatic restorative treatment in cavities with 3 or more surfaces involved, by means of a clinical case report of a patient with extensive dstruction in primary teeth, who was submitted to atraumatic restorative treatment, and observe the result of the treatment after one year of clinical and radiographic control.