[O3:K6 serogroup vibrio parahaemolyticus - the causative agent of food toxic infection outbreaks in Primorsky region of Russian federation].

AIM: Comparative evaluation of biological properties of parahemolytic vibrios that had determined outbreaks and sporadic cases of food toxic infection in Primorsky Region in 2012 and previous years. Materials AND METHODS: 40 clinical strains of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in 2012 were studied in comparison with 62 strains from this region that had been characterized by us previously. Virulence was evaluated by a complex method: hemolytic activitywas determined in Kanagawa test (KT), urease - in Kristensen medium. Serotyping was carried out by a commercial kit of O/K sera. PCR-genotyping was carried out by marker genes of 7 pathogenicity "islands" (VPaI-1-7). RESULTS: All the strains isolated from patients in 2012 had KT-positive and urease-negative phenotype, belonged to O3:K6 serogroup and contained marker genes of 7 VPal that allowed to consider them members of a "pandemic" clone as the other clinical strains from this region. However among 2012 strains an increase of number of antibiotic-resistant variants was established compared with 1997 isolates. CONCLUSION: The data obtained give evidence on the risk of spread of a "pandemic" clone of V. parahaemolyticus in the Far-Eastern region of Russia, a dangerous tendency of antibiotic-resistant variant formation and a necessity to monitor morbidity and the environment with mandatory PCR-detection of genes associated with virulence including integrated into pathogenicity "islands".

[Retrograde colangiopancreatography (RCG) and endoscopic papillosphincterography (EPG) in new scheme of endosurgical strategy of treatment of cholecystitis accompanied by bilirubinemia].

The article is devoted to the substantiation of strategy changes in acute cholecystitis and the bilirubinemia of obscure etiology. At the first stage the treatment was started from RCG in 120 patients and RCG with EPG in 232 patients. The results obtained were not very good, there being many organizational problems. At the second stage the laparoscopic cholecystectomy with drainage of the common bile duct (228 patients) were performed in 248 patients with acute cholecystitis and increased bilirubin from 29.54 till 167.16 millimole/l. Futhermore, the postoperative transdrainage cholangiography was made in 184 (74.2%) patients, the stones or the obstruction of bile secretion weren't found. The classical intervention on common bile duct was required only to 4 patients, for the rest EPG was performed according to the indications. EPG was the most effective and the results were the best.

[The development of complex technique of evaluation of virulence of parahemolytic vibrio].

The article deals with results of studying parahemolytic vibrio separatedfrom different sources according their phenotype and genotype attributes associated with virulence. In certain cases the mismatch of results of Kanagava tests and polymerase chain reaction test of gene tdh was established. The need in virulence complex evaluation is substantiated. This complex has to include detection of hemolytic activity in Kanagava test and urease activity on the Kristensen medium and polymerase chain reaction detection of genes tdh and trh. The developed complex technique is described. The formula of pathogenic strains is established Three alternatives of virulent parahemolytic vibrio are given. The test-strains Vibrio parahaemolyticus are proposed as control in testing phenotype and genotype strains according virulence signs.

[Variability of the INV gene fragment encoding a functionally important domain of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin].

A total of 84 Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates were studied. The isolates were obtained in Russian Federation in 1967-2008. The majority of Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates (n = 55) were of clinical origin and were isolated from feces of patients with the clinically and serologically proved diagnosis of pseudotuberculosis/Far East scarlet-like fever. These isolates included 18 isolates obtained from 3 outbreaks. Nine isolates were isolated from the internal organs of wild rodents. Other isolates were obtained from environmental sources. Ten Y. pseudotuberculosis isolates belonged to the serovar III and the other isolates belonged to the serovar I. The sequences of 600 b.p. fragment of the inv gene that encodes 667 through 866 invasin amino acids were determined for all isolates. Totally, 3 allelic variants were found. The most abundant allele 1 was found in 76 isolates. The allele 1 is represented in the database Genbank by the strain IP31758 isolated in the Far East of Russia (Eppinger et al., 2007). The allele 2 differed from allele 1 in 3 positions: G,2299N, O2300N, and O2302N. Substitutions in positions 2299 and 2302 were non-synonymous and resulted in amino acid substitutions Ser768 Thr and Val769 Ala. Six isolates carried allele 2. Allele 3 was found in two isolates different from allele 2 by a synonymous substitution G2324O. This allele is similar to the sequence found in Y. pestis strains, represented in the GenBank. The allelic distribution was not serovar specific: Y. pseudotuberculosis of serovar III and majority of serovar I isolates carried allele 1. The analysis of the allelic distribution among subpopulations formed on the base of a source of isolation revealed a statistically significant difference in spreading of alleles among clinical and wild rodent isolates (p < 0.05). Allele 1 prevailed over clinical isolates (95%), while allele 1 and allele 2 were disseminated equally among rodent isolates (55 % and 45 %, respectively).

[Cholera in the Far East of Russia. Communication 1. Epidemiological characteristics of the outbreak of cholera El tor in Vladivostok]. / Kholera na Dal'nem Vostoke Rossii. Soopshchenie 1. Epidemiologicheskaia kharakteristika vspyshki kholery él'tor v g. Vladivostoke.

The materials on the investigation of the outbreak cholera eltor in Vladivostok, caused by the import of infection from China. The leading role of the water route of transmission of this infection is shown due to the contamination of water sources with non-decontaminated sewage water. The complex of antiepidemic measures was carried out, which made it possible to arrest the spread of cholera and liquidate its foci.