Prevalence and clinical findings of feline otitis externa in Midwest Brazil.

This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence of otitis externa (OE) in cats using cytology, direct otoscopic examination, and parasitological examination through swabs and curettage, and to compare the accuracy between collection methods for parasitological examination. Direct otoscopic evaluation of the external auditory canal (right and left), swabs for cytological examination of the external auditory canal, and collection of cerumen for parasitological examination through swabs and curettage of 137 cats from a veterinary hospital care were conducted between March 2021 and March 2022. The influences of age, sex, habitat, street access, and the presence of fleas on OE were evaluated. Cytological evidence of OE was observed in 25.5 % of cats and was statistically associated with flea and mite parasitism. Otodectes cynotis was found in 13.9 % of the cats. Cocci and Bacilli were the secondary factors in 34.3 % and 22.9 % of cats with OE, respectively. The Malassezia genus was a secundary factor in 57.1 % of the cats with OE. The frequency of OE was high in cats receiving hospital care. O. cynotis was a frequent primary cause of OE in cats. The curette sampling method is a great option for diagnosing O. cynotis infestation due to its ease of use.

Effects of Doxycycline Treatment on Hematological Parameters, Viscosity, and Cytokines in Canine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis.

This study aimed to analyze the hematological parameters, blood viscosity, and cytokines of dogs infected by Ehrlichia canis untreated and treated with doxycycline. Initially, 47 dogs were examined, and 36 were suspected to have canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, which was confirmed through molecular polymerase chain reaction tests. This study consisted of 25 dogs, with 11 being healthy and 14 testing positive for E. canis. The dogs were divided into experimental groups based on their test results, including a control group of healthy dogs (N = 11), a group of infected dogs without treatment (N = 7), and a group of infected dogs treated with doxycycline (N = 7) at a 10 mg/kg dose every 12 h for 28 days. Blood samples were taken to determine hematological parameters, viscosity, and cytokine levels. It was observed that, regardless of doxycycline treatment, there was a reduction in total leukocytes and lymphocytes in infected dogs with Ehrlichia canis. The eosinophils and platelets decreased in dogs with Ehrlichia canis infections without treatment. Monocytes, eosinophils, and platelets increased when the dogs were treated with doxycycline. Regardless of treatment, infected dogs' blood viscosity was lower than uninfected dogs. Infected dogs showed lower TNF-α and increased IL-1ß. There was a correlation between the blood viscosity with the cytokines IL-10 and IL-12 in the infected dogs. The eosinophil count correlated with TNF-α in the group of infected and untreated dogs. In conclusion, treating dogs with monocytic ehrlichiosis using doxycycline can increase platelet and eosinophil levels but may also increase IL-1ß and monocyte levels, exacerbating inflammation. Therefore, evaluating viscosity and cytokine levels is important when treating dogs with this condition.

Clinical and parasitological impact of short-term treatment using miltefosine and allopurinol monotherapy or combination therapy in canine visceral leishmaniasis.

Canine visceral leishmaniasis is an endemic zoonosis in Brazil. Dogs are the main hosts in urban environments. The treatment has gained popularity since the Brazilian government authorized miltefosine for canine treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and parasitological impact of short-term treatment with miltefosine and allopurinol, alone and in combination. We evaluated the ability of pharmacotherapy to reduce clinical signs of disease, antibody levels using the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and skin parasite load via qPCR after 28 days of treatment. The therapeutic protocols promoted a significant decline in clinical signs and in the skin parasite load in dogs (p < 0.01). We observed a moderate correlation between the skin parasite load and the clinical score in all three treatment groups (r > 0.5) Antibody levels did not decrease in this short period. It was concluded that the treatment with allopurinol reduced the number of parasites in the skin of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis in the short term. However, its efficiency is potentiated when associated with miltefosine.

Clinical and parasitological impact of short-term treatment using miltefosine and allopurinol monotherapy or combination therapy in canine visceral leishmaniasis / Impacto clínico e parasitológico do tratamento de curta duração com miltefosina e alopurinol em monoterapia ou terapia combinada na leishmaniose visceral canina

Canine visceral leishmaniasis is an endemic zoonosis in Brazil. Dogs are the main hosts in urban environments. The treatment has gained popularity since the Brazilian government authorized miltefosine for canine treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and parasitological impact of short-term treatment with miltefosine and allopurinol, alone and in combination. We evaluated the ability of pharmacotherapy to reduce clinical signs of disease, antibody levels using the indirect fluorescence antibody test (IFAT) and skin parasite load via qPCR after 28 days of treatment. The therapeutic protocols promoted a significant decline in clinical signs and in the skin parasite load in dogs (p < 0.01). We observed a moderate correlation between the skin parasite load and the clinical score in all three treatment groups (r > 0.5) Antibody levels did not decrease in this short period. It was concluded that the treatment with allopurinol reduced the number of parasites in the skin of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis in the short term. However, its efficiency is potentiated when associated with miltefosine.(AU)

A leishmaniose visceral canina é uma zoonose endêmica no Brasil. Os cães são os principais hospedeiros em ambientes urbanos. O tratamento ganhou popularidade desde que o governo brasileiro autorizou a miltefosina para tratamento canino. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o impacto clínico e parasitológico do tratamento a curto prazo com miltefosina e alopurinol, isoladamente e/ou em combinação. Foi avaliada a capacidade da farmacoterapia em reduzir os sinais clínicos da doença e também os níveis de anticorpos, usando-se o teste de anticorpos de fluorescência indireta (RIFI) e a carga parasitária na pele, via qPCR, após 28 dias de tratamento. Os protocolos terapêuticos promoveram declínio significativo dos sinais clínicos e da carga parasitária na pele dos cães (p < 0,01). Foi observada uma correlação moderada entre a carga parasitária da pele e o escore clínico em todos os três grupos de tratamento (r > 0,5). Já os níveis de anticorpos não diminuíram nesse curto período. Concluiu-se que o tratamento com alopurinol, em curto prazo, reduziu a quantidade de parasitos na pele dos cães com leishmaniose visceral. No entanto, sua eficiência é potencializada quando associada a miltefosina.(AU)

Artéria subclávia direita aberrante em cão - aspectos clínicos e de imagem / Aberrant right subclavian artery in a dog - clinical and imaging aspects

Background: Aberrant right subclavian artery is only rarely observed in veterinary medicine. Some animals may present postprandial regurgitation and progressive weight loss, which is considered an incidental finding unrelated to clinical alterations. Advanced imaging techniques such as thoracic CT scan, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and contrast angiography are used for the accurate detection of lesions, anatomical changes and specific information about vascular rings. This paper describes the clinical changes, imaging exams and therapeutic approach in a female dog with megaesophagus induced by an aberrant right subclavian artery. Case: A 2-month-old female bull terrier, weighing 1.6 kg, with a history of regurgitation immediately or a few minutes after a meal, diarrhea, polyphagia, progressive emaciation and apathy for 45 days, was treated at a University Veterinary Hospital. The dog's physical examination revealed 7% dehydration and body condition score 1 (scale 1 to 5), but no cardiac or pulmonary alterations upon auscultation. The hematological analysis and renal and hepatic serum enzymes were within the normal range for the species. In view of the presumptive clinical diagnosis of vascular anomaly, suggested by the contrast X-ray examination, a chest tomography was performed, which revealed altered aortic arch shape and contours, and a posterior aneurysm in the area of abnormal connection of the right subclavian artery. The patient was released with a prescription for conservative dietary management for megaesophagus. Within two weeks, the patient returned with a report of a good response to the prescribed therapy, absence of vomiting and diarrhea, and an increase in body weight. Surgical correction was recommended, but has not been performed so far, but conservative treatment for megaesophagus was continued. No further episodes of regurgitation were identified during the nine-month follow-up period. Discussion: In the case reported here, the right subclavian artery is considered anatomically atypical because it arises directly from the aortic arch. This vascular anomaly passes on to the right pectoral limb, dorsal to the esophagus, contracting it in its dorsal aspect. It tends to affect purebred dogs, occurring more frequently in Irish setters, German shepherds and Labrador retrievers, although it has been described in other breeds such as the bull terrier documented here and mixed breed dogs. Vascular ring anomalies may not cause clinical changes in animals and represent only incidental findings, or they may lead to gastrointestinal changes resulting from esophageal stricture, contributing to megaesophagus and clinical signs of esophageal obstruction, especially in recently weaned puppies. Such alterations were observed in this case, with the dog presenting regurgitation, immediately or a few minutes after a meal, megaesophagus, diarrhea and progressive weight loss. A CT scan was performed to confirm the type and location of the vascular anomaly and diagnostic accuracy, as recommended in the literature. Dietary therapy is one of the approaches adopted for patients presenting with regurgitation resulting from megaesophagus secondary to vascular anomalies. The dog in this report responded well to the medical therapy; nevertheless, the treatment of choice to correct the esophageal obstruction caused by this anomaly is surgical sectioning of the aberrant vessel by right intercostal thoracotomy, given that the degree of esophageal dilation and dysfunction tends to increase over time. However, at this time, the animal's owner decided to suspend the recommended surgical procedure.

Molecular detection of trypanosomatids in neotropical primates in the state of Mato Grosso, Midwest, Brazil.

Trypanosomatids are uniflagellate protozoa belonging to the Trypanosomatidae family. The genera Trypanosoma and Leishmania are of paramount importance as they contain species that cause serious diseases, such as Chagas disease and Leishmaniasis, respectively. The objective of the present study was to identify trypanosomatids present in the whole blood of free-living and captive neotropical primates in Mato Grosso State, Midwest Brazil. Between 2017 and 2019, 38 blood samples were collected from seven different neotropical primate species in seven cities in the state. Through molecular techniques, including polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a fragment of the kinetoplast DNA (kDNA) and 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis, nine Leishmania spp. [seven L. infantum and two L. (Leishmania) amazonensis] and two Trypanosoma spp. (T. minasense and T. rangeli) were identified. This study contributes to understanding the occurrence and epidemiology of trypanosomatids in Mato Grosso State and the importance of neotropical primates as trypanosome hosts and possible infection sources for other animals and humans. Future identification of other blood pathogens in neotropical primates will assist in disease control and prevention strategies.

Platynosomum fastosum in domestic cats in Cuiabá, Midwest region of Brazil.

Platynosomum fastosum, which is distributed in tropical and subtropical regions, is the main parasite in the biliary system of domestic cats. Cats can be asymptomatic or show severe signs of cholangitis. Although the infection is reported throughout Brazil, only post-mortem studies are available from the Midwest region of the country. This cross-sectional study investigated the frequency of P. fastosum parasitism in domestic cats treated at the University Veterinary Hospital in Cuiabá city, Mato Grosso, Brazil, by three coproparasitological techniques (formalin-ether sedimentation, Faust, and Hoffmann), associating clinical, laboratory (haematological, biochemical) and ultrasonographic alterations. Based on the sample calculation, 171 cats were evaluated in the clinical and laboratory and a semi-structured epidemiological questionnaire was designed and used by the tutors. The prevalence observed was 26.90%, with no significant association with sex, reproductive status, age, hunting habit, access to the street, recent anthelmintic treatment, and the guardian's lack of knowledge regarding parasitism. Of the 171 cats evaluated, 55 (32.16%) showed clinical signs suggestive of cholangitis, with a significant association of this variable. Regarding the clinical and pathological variables, mild neutrophilia and elevated serum activity of alanine amino transferase and alkaline phosphatase was observed (but not significantly), while the mean values of eosinophils, leucocytes, total protein, albumin, and globulin were normal. The ultrasound findings were like those previously described. Thus, it was observed that P. fastosum occurs in moderate prevalence in cats from Cuiabá-MT, with a significant association with clinical signs and a regular agreement between the parasitological techniques employed.

Clinical, hematological, blood gasometric and electrolytic changes in dogs receiving whole blood transfusions

Blood transfusion is a tool capable of saving lives. Patients undergoing blood transfusion usually present several alterations in the acid-base and electrolyte balance, aggravating the condition of critically ill patients. Some studies have demonstrated haematological alterations in certain species that received whole blood transfusions, however, few studies have evaluated acid base and electrolyte changes in dogs undergoing whole blood haemotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical, hematological, blood gas and electrolyte changes in anemic dogs after whole blood transfusion. Twenty nine dogs transfused due to anemia were enrolled in the study. Donors blood was collected in a transfusion bag containing citrate phosphate adenine dextrose and stored up to 24 h. Blood collections and evaluations were made before and 24 h after the transfusion. Data distribution normality was tested by the Shapiro Wilk Test. The means of the variables were compared by paired t-test. It was observed an increase in diastolic blood pressure and a reduction in heart rate (P < 0.05). There was a not significant increase in systolic blood pressure, temperature, and a reduction in respiratory rate per minute. Erythrocyte, haemoglobin and haematocrit averages were significantly increased after blood transfusion (P < 0.05). It was observed a reduction in the mean values of pH (P < 0.05), potassium (P > 0.05) and ionized calcium (P > 0.05) and an increase in the mean partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2 ) (P < 0.001), bicarbonate (P > 0.05) and sodium (P < 0.05). The probable cause of anemia was monocytic ehrlichiosis (14/29), visceral leishmaniasis (1/29), babesiosis (1/29), co-infection of Ehrlichia canis and Leishmania infantum (2/29), co-infection of E. canis and Babesia vogeli (1/29). It was not possible to determine the etiology of the anemia in ten dogs. Heart rate significantly reduced after transfusion, probably because of the increase in hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocyte values. It may be justified by the displacement of extravascular fluid to the intravascular space. Mean values of systolic blood pressure were slightly elevated before transfusion and remained elevated afterwards, while diastolic and mean arterial pressure increased significantly after transfusion. These changes may be due to the morbid condition and may be influenced by many other factors. Haematocrit, haemoglobin and erythrocyte values increased significantly after transfusion, according to what was observed in other studies. The significant reduction in pH and increase in pCO2 reflects the compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis to increase ventilation, leading to pCO2 reduction and changes in pH. The reduction in pH due to the contact of the collected blood with conservative solutions is one of the main changes thar occurs during blood storage. It was described significantly lower pH in dogs' whole blood samples stored for more than 24 h in vacutainer plastic containing CPDA-1. We may assume there was no intense pH reduction in the present study because the bags were stored for up to 24 h. Although not statistically significant, the increase of pO2 mean reflects the improvement of tissue oxygen perfusion. It was observed a significant increase in sodium ions. The mean sodium ion concentration before transfusion was very close to the maximum reference value. Hyperkalaemia was not observed, nor was there significant reduction of potassium ions after transfusion. Several studies report hyperkalaemia and transfusion-associated cardiac arrests in humans, associated with infusion of large volumes of blood. Whole blood transfusion increased erythrogram values and did not negatively affect the electrolyte or acid-base status, representing a safe and useful tool in the intensive care of small animals.(AU)

Pectus excavatum and Pectus carinatum in dogs

Background: Deformities of the anterior thoracic wall are called pectus: pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum. Pectusexcavatum is characterised by dorsal deviation of the caudal region of the sternum while pectus carinatum consists ofprotrusion of the sternum and/or adjacent cartilage. Both defects may remain symptom-free, but respiratory and cardiacabnormalities have been reported. Another deformity observed in dogs is the swimming dog syndrome, which consists ofthe lateral opening of the thoracic and pelvic limbs, associated with the pedalling movement. These disorders are frequentlyreported in medical practice, are considered rare among canines. This report aims to describe a case of pectus excavatumassociated with the swimming dog syndrome (Case 1) and another case of pectus carinatum (Case 2).Cases: Case 1. An approximately 45-day-old male American Pitbull canine had difficulty standing. Physical examinationrevealed hyperextension of the thoracic and pelvic limb joints and flattening of the thorax. After radiographic examination, pectus excavatum and the swimming dog syndrome were confirmed. The conservative treatment with splinting andhydrotherapy was chosen. At the 3-month follow-up, slight improvement in the limbs and irregular and unsatisfactorygrowth of the thorax leading to episodes of dyspnoea were observed. Case 2. A female Pug, approximately 2 months old,had a thorax deformity. Physical examination revealed thorax protrusion, confirmed on radiography as pectus carinatum.Conservative therapy was provided using compressive bandage. One month later, the tutor reported improvement in thecondition and absence of respiratory changes.Discussion: Pectus deformities has low incidence, and cases to pectus carinatum, there is a sexual predisposition, that is,males are more predisposed, differing from Case 2, a female dog. In the cases of pectus excavatum, no genetic alterationwas directly related to its occurrence...(AU)

Occurrence of DEA1.1 in blood donor dogs in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil / Ocorrência de DEA 1.1 em cães doadores de sangue em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil

This study aimed to assess Dog Erythrocyte Antigen (DEA) 1.1 in donor dogs at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil, and review the relevant literature. The blood (60 samples; 1.5 mL volume, each) was collected in separate vacutainer tubes containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and submitted for complete blood count; in addition, the samples were typed by RapidVet® based on agglutination due to specific interaction between DEA 1 antigen at the membrane surface of the erythrocyte and lyophilised murine monoclonal antibody on the test card. DEA1.1 positivity was observed in 81.6% (49 of 60) of test samples, while negative results were obtained in the remaining 18.3% (11 of 60). DEA 1.1 positive samples were comprised of 42.8% of purebred dogs and 38.3% of mixed breed dogs. With regard to sex in the DEA 1.1 positive group, 48.3% were male dogs and 33.3% were female dogs. The blood donor canine population showed high prevalence of DEA 1.1, which confirms that blood typing should be performed prior to blood transfusion in previously sensitised dogs.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência do antígeno eritrocitário DEA (Dog Erythrocyte Antigen) 1.1 nos cães doadores de sangue no Hospital Veterinário Universitário em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. O sangue (60 amostras; 1,5mL cada) Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 60 cães em tubo a vácuo contendo ácido etilenodiamino tetra-acético (EDTA) para realização de hemograma; adicionalmente, foi realizada tipagem sanguínea com o kit RapidVet®, que baseia-se na aglutinação devido à interação entre os antígenos DEA 1 do antígeno eritrocitário com os anticorpos monoclonais presentes no cartão. Das amostras testadas, 81,6% (49 de 60) apresentaram positividade para DEA 1.1, enquanto que apenas 18,3%(11 de 60) foram negativas. Os cães com raça definida representaram 42,8% das amostras DEA 1.1, já os cães mestiços representaram 38,3%. Em relação ao sexo dos cães DEA 1.1, foi observada prevalência de 48,3% em machos e 33,3% em fêmeas. Este trabalho demonstrou a alta prevalência do grupo DEA 1.1 na população de cães doadores de sangue, o que ratifica a importância da tipagem sanguínea anteriormente à transfusão sanguínea em cães previamente sensibilizados.(AU)

Occurrence of DEA1.1 in blood donor dogs in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil / Ocorrência de DEA 1.1 em cães doadores de sangue em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brasil

This study aimed to assess Dog Erythrocyte Antigen (DEA) 1.1 in donor dogs at the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Brazil, and review the relevant literature. The blood (60 samples; 1.5 mL volume, each) was collected in separate vacutainer tubes containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and submitted for complete blood count; in addition, the samples were typed by RapidVet® based on agglutination due to specific interaction between DEA 1 antigen at the membrane surface of the erythrocyte and lyophilised murine monoclonal antibody on the test card. DEA1.1 positivity was observed in 81.6% (49 of 60) of test samples, while negative results were obtained in the remaining 18.3% (11 of 60). DEA 1.1 positive samples were comprised of 42.8% of purebred dogs and 38.3% of mixed breed dogs. With regard to sex in the DEA 1.1 positive group, 48.3% were male dogs and 33.3% were female dogs. The blood donor canine population showed high prevalence of DEA 1.1, which confirms that blood typing should be performed prior to blood transfusion in previously sensitised dogs.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a ocorrência do antígeno eritrocitário DEA (Dog Erythrocyte Antigen) 1.1 nos cães doadores de sangue no Hospital Veterinário Universitário em Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. O sangue (60 amostras; 1,5mL cada) Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 60 cães em tubo a vácuo contendo ácido etilenodiamino tetra-acético (EDTA) para realização de hemograma; adicionalmente, foi realizada tipagem sanguínea com o kit RapidVet®, que baseia-se na aglutinação devido à interação entre os antígenos DEA 1 do antígeno eritrocitário com os anticorpos monoclonais presentes no cartão. Das amostras testadas, 81,6% (49 de 60) apresentaram positividade para DEA 1.1, enquanto que apenas 18,3%(11 de 60) foram negativas. Os cães com raça definida representaram 42,8% das amostras DEA 1.1, já os cães mestiços representaram 38,3%. Em relação ao sexo dos cães DEA 1.1, foi observada prevalência de 48,3% em machos e 33,3% em fêmeas. Este trabalho demonstrou a alta prevalência do grupo DEA 1.1 na população de cães doadores de sangue, o que ratifica a importância da tipagem sanguínea anteriormente à transfusão sanguínea em cães previamente sensibilizados.

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: perception, prevalence, and spatial distribution in municipality of Nossa Senhora do Livramento, Mato Grosso, Brazil.

The midwest region of Brazil has witnessed an increase in the number of cases of human (HVL) and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the population's perception of these diseases, factors associated with CVL, its spatial distribution, and the prevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. in 385 dogs, determined using a commercially available immunochromatographic rapid test and confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the 385 samples, 54 were positive for CVL and confirmed by ELISA, corresponding to a prevalence of 14%. Knowledge of signs of CVL by tutors (p = 0.038); previous occurrence of CVL in the vicinity (p = 0.022); symptomatic dog(s) (p = 0.014), splenomegaly (p = 0.055), and ear ulcer(s) (p = 0.059) were significantly associated with CVL. The results revealed a significant prevalence of CVL spatially distributed in rural and urban contexts. The association between environmentally related variables and perception and the occurrence of CVL underscores the importance of implementing control and prevention strategies primarily focused on environmental management and health education activities.

Clinical-dermatological, histological abnormalities and prevalence of Trypanosoma caninum and Leishmania infantum in dogs from Midwest region of Brazil.

Leishmania infantum is a trypanosomatid that causes parasitic dermatopathy in dogs. Trypanosoma caninum is another trypanosomatid, which infects the skin of dogs, although cutaneous abnormalities are absent. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of T. caninum infection and its associated cutaneous and histological changes and compare it with the occurrence of L. infantum infection in dogs. The study included 150 dogs, of which T. caninum infection was identified in 3 (2%) and L. infantum infection in 15 (10%) of them, with no association (p>0.05) of these infections with the breed, gender, age, or cutaneous abnormalities. The cutaneous abnormalities were based on 1 (4.8%) and 12 (57.1%) dogs infected by T. caninum and L. infantum, respectively. The dermatohistopathological abnormalities in the dogs infected with T. caninum included mild perivascular lymphohistioplasmacytic infiltrates in the clinically asymptomatic ones, while in those with dermatological abnormalities, acanthosis, epidermal orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, melanomacrophages, and co-infection with Microsporum sp. and Trichophyton sp. were observed. InL. infantum infected, the histopathological findings included chronic granulomatous inflammatory infiltrates and structures compatible with amastigotes. Despite the low frequency of T. caninum infection, our findings suggest that this trypanosomatid, unlike L. infantum, does not cause any macroscopic skin abnormalities.

Molecular prevalence and factors associated with Babesia vogeli infection in dogs in the Cerrado Mato-Grossense region of Brazil / Prevalência molecular e fatores associados à infecção por Babesia vogeli em cães do cerrado Mato-Grossense

Canine babesiosis is a common haemoparasitosis in Brazil. Caused by parasites of the genus Babesia, it is transmitted by ixodid ticks and affects domestic and wild canids. The objective of this study was to verify the prevalence of Babesia species (spp.) using molecular methods in dogs living in urban and rural areas of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, and to identify the main factors associated with infection. A total of 407 samples from 407 dogs were evaluated using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, among which Babesia species (spp.) was amplified in 10 (2.5%). Although, no statistical association was found among the variables studied (p>0.05), greater positivity was observed in dogs<1 year of age, male sex, those with free access to the street, and the presence of ticks. PCR samples positive for Babesia spp. were submitted to sequencing and compared in GenBank and exhibited a high degree of similarity with Babesia vogeli sequences.(AU)

Babesiose canina é uma hemoparasitose comum no Brasil. Causada por parasitos do gênero Babesia, é transmitida por carrapatos ixodídeos e acomete canídeos domésticos e silvestres. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a prevalência molecular da infecção por Babesia spp. em cães residentes em áreas urbanas e rurais do município de Cuiabá, estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, e relacionar os principais fatores associados à infecção. Para a pesquisa foram avaliados 407 cães usando a PCR. Das 407 amostras analisadas, 10 (2,5%) amplificaram DNA de Babesia spp. Não foi observada associação estatística entre as variáveis pesquisadas (p>0,05), porém observou-se maior positividade em cães com idade inferior a um ano, machos, com livre acesso à rua e com a presença de carrapatos. Amostras positivas nas PCRs para Babesia spp. foram submetidas a sequenciamento e comparadas no GenBank, mostrando alto grau de similaridade com as sequências de B. vogeli.(AU)

Pectus excavatum and Pectus carinatum in dogs

Background: Deformities of the anterior thoracic wall are called pectus: pectus excavatum and pectus carinatum. Pectusexcavatum is characterised by dorsal deviation of the caudal region of the sternum while pectus carinatum consists ofprotrusion of the sternum and/or adjacent cartilage. Both defects may remain symptom-free, but respiratory and cardiacabnormalities have been reported. Another deformity observed in dogs is the swimming dog syndrome, which consists ofthe lateral opening of the thoracic and pelvic limbs, associated with the pedalling movement. These disorders are frequentlyreported in medical practice, are considered rare among canines. This report aims to describe a case of pectus excavatumassociated with the swimming dog syndrome (Case 1) and another case of pectus carinatum (Case 2).Cases: Case 1. An approximately 45-day-old male American Pitbull canine had difficulty standing. Physical examinationrevealed hyperextension of the thoracic and pelvic limb joints and flattening of the thorax. After radiographic examination, pectus excavatum and the swimming dog syndrome were confirmed. The conservative treatment with splinting andhydrotherapy was chosen. At the 3-month follow-up, slight improvement in the limbs and irregular and unsatisfactorygrowth of the thorax leading to episodes of dyspnoea were observed. Case 2. A female Pug, approximately 2 months old,had a thorax deformity. Physical examination revealed thorax protrusion, confirmed on radiography as pectus carinatum.Conservative therapy was provided using compressive bandage. One month later, the tutor reported improvement in thecondition and absence of respiratory changes.Discussion: Pectus deformities has low incidence, and cases to pectus carinatum, there is a sexual predisposition, that is,males are more predisposed, differing from Case 2, a female dog. In the cases of pectus excavatum, no genetic alterationwas directly related to its occurrence...

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: perception, prevalence, and spatial distribution in municipality of Nossa Senhora do Livramento, Mato Grosso, Brazil / Leishmaniose visceral canina: percepção, prevalência e distribuição espacial em Nossa Senhora do Livramento, Mato Grosso, Brazil

Abstract The midwest region of Brazil has witnessed an increase in the number of cases of human (HVL) and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the population's perception of these diseases, factors associated with CVL, its spatial distribution, and the prevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. in 385 dogs, determined using a commercially available immunochromatographic rapid test and confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the 385 samples, 54 were positive for CVL and confirmed by ELISA, corresponding to a prevalence of 14%. Knowledge of signs of CVL by tutors (p = 0.038); previous occurrence of CVL in the vicinity (p = 0.022); symptomatic dog(s) (p = 0.014), splenomegaly (p = 0.055), and ear ulcer(s) (p = 0.059) were significantly associated with CVL. The results revealed a significant prevalence of CVL spatially distributed in rural and urban contexts. The association between environmentally related variables and perception and the occurrence of CVL underscores the importance of implementing control and prevention strategies primarily focused on environmental management and health education activities.

Resumo No Brasil, a região Centro-Oeste tem apresentado aumento no número de casos de leishmaniose visceral humana (LVH) e canina (LVC). Com isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a percepção da população em relação à doença, aos fatores associados a LVC, à distribuição espacial e à prevalência de anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp. em 385 cães, a partir do teste rápido imunocromatográfico e ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). Das 385 amostras, 54 foram reagentes para LVC e confirmadas no ELISA, correspondendo a prevalência de 14%. O conhecimento dos sinais da LVC pelos tutores (p = 0,038), a ocorrência prévia da LVC na vizinhança (p = 0,022), o cão sintomático (p = 0,014), esplenomegalia (p = 0,055) e apresentar úlcera em ponta de orelha (p = 0,059) foram significativamente associados à LVC. Os resultados demonstram expressiva prevalência de LVC, distribuídas espacialmente no contexto rural e urbano, e a associação de variáveis relacionadas ao ambiente e à percepção com a ocorrência da LVC ressaltam a importância da implementação de estratégias de controle e prevenção, focadas principalmente no manejo ambiental e em atividades de educação em saúde.

Molecular prevalence and factors associated with Babesia vogeli infection in dogs in the Cerrado Mato-Grossense region of Brazil / Prevalência molecular e fatores associados à infecção por Babesia vogeli em cães do cerrado Mato-Grossense

ABSTRACT: Canine babesiosis is a common haemoparasitosis in Brazil. Caused by parasites of the genus Babesia, it is transmitted by ixodid ticks and affects domestic and wild canids. The objective of this study was to verify the prevalence of Babesia species (spp.) using molecular methods in dogs living in urban and rural areas of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, and to identify the main factors associated with infection. A total of 407 samples from 407 dogs were evaluated using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, among which Babesia species (spp.) was amplified in 10 (2.5%). Although, no statistical association was found among the variables studied (p>0.05), greater positivity was observed in dogs<1 year of age, male sex, those with free access to the street, and the presence of ticks. PCR samples positive for Babesia spp. were submitted to sequencing and compared in GenBank and exhibited a high degree of similarity with Babesia vogeli sequences.

RESUMO: Babesiose canina é uma hemoparasitose comum no Brasil. Causada por parasitos do gênero Babesia, é transmitida por carrapatos ixodídeos e acomete canídeos domésticos e silvestres. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar a prevalência molecular da infecção por Babesia spp. em cães residentes em áreas urbanas e rurais do município de Cuiabá, estado de Mato Grosso, Brasil, e relacionar os principais fatores associados à infecção. Para a pesquisa foram avaliados 407 cães usando a PCR. Das 407 amostras analisadas, 10 (2,5%) amplificaram DNA de Babesia spp. Não foi observada associação estatística entre as variáveis pesquisadas (p>0,05), porém observou-se maior positividade em cães com idade inferior a um ano, machos, com livre acesso à rua e com a presença de carrapatos. Amostras positivas nas PCRs para Babesia spp. foram submetidas a sequenciamento e comparadas no GenBank, mostrando alto grau de similaridade com as sequências de B. vogeli.

Clinical-dermatological, histological abnormalities and prevalence of Trypanosoma caninum and Leishmania infantum in dogs from Midwest region of Brazil / Anormalidades clínico-dermatológicas, histológicas e prevalência de Trypanosoma caninum e Leishmania infantum em cães da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil

Abstract Leishmania infantum is a trypanosomatid that causes parasitic dermatopathy in dogs. Trypanosoma caninum is another trypanosomatid, which infects the skin of dogs, although cutaneous abnormalities are absent. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of T. caninum infection and its associated cutaneous and histological changes and compare it with the occurrence of L. infantum infection in dogs. The study included 150 dogs, of which T. caninum infection was identified in 3 (2%) and L. infantum infection in 15 (10%) of them, with no association (p>0.05) of these infections with the breed, gender, age, or cutaneous abnormalities. The cutaneous abnormalities were based on 1 (4.8%) and 12 (57.1%) dogs infected by T. caninum and L. infantum, respectively. The dermatohistopathological abnormalities in the dogs infected with T. caninum included mild perivascular lymphohistioplasmacytic infiltrates in the clinically asymptomatic ones, while in those with dermatological abnormalities, acanthosis, epidermal orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, melanomacrophages, and co-infection with Microsporum sp. and Trichophyton sp. were observed. InL. infantum infected, the histopathological findings included chronic granulomatous inflammatory infiltrates and structures compatible with amastigotes. Despite the low frequency of T. caninum infection, our findings suggest that this trypanosomatid, unlike L. infantum, does not cause any macroscopic skin abnormalities.

Resumo Leishmania infantum é um tripanosomatídeo que causa dermatopatia parasitária em cães. Trypanosoma caninum é outro tripanosomatídeo, que infecta a pele de cães, embora anormalidades cutâneas sejam ausentes. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a ocorrência da infecção por T. caninum e suas alterações cutâneas e histológicas associadas e compará-las com a ocorrência da infecção por L. infantum em cães. O estudo incluiu 150 cães, dos quais a infecção por T. caninum foi identificada em 3 (2%) e a infecção por L. infantum em 15 (10%) deles, sem associação (p>0,05) dessas infecções com a raça, sexo, idade ou anormalidades cutâneas. As alterações cutâneas foram observadas em 1 (4,8%) e 12 (57,1%) cães infectados por T. caninum e L. infantum, respectivamente. As anormalidades dermato-histopatológicas nos cães infectados por T. caninum incluíram infiltrados linfo-histioplasmocitários perivasculares leves nos clinicamente assintomáticos, enquanto naqueles com anormalidades dermatológicas, foram observados acantose, hiperqueratose ortoqueratótica epidermal e melanomacrófagos e co-infecção por Microsporum sp. e Trichophyton sp. Nos cães infectados por L. infantum, os achados histopatológicos incluíram infiltrados inflamatórios granulomatosos crônicos e estruturas compatíveis com amastigotas. A despeito da baixa frequência da infecção por T. caninum, nossos achados sugerem que esse tripanosomatídeo, diferentemente de L. infantum, não causa anormalidades macroscópicas na pele.

Clinical-dermatological, histological abnormalities and prevalence of Trypanosoma caninum and Leishmania infantum in dogs from Midwest region of Brazil / Anormalidades clínico-dermatológicas, histológicas e prevalência de Trypanosoma caninum e Leishmania infantum em cães da região Centro-Oeste do Brasil

Leishmania infantum is a trypanosomatid that causes parasitic dermatopathy in dogs. Trypanosoma caninum is another trypanosomatid, which infects the skin of dogs, although cutaneous abnormalities are absent. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of T. caninum infection and its associated cutaneous and histological changes and compare it with the occurrence of L. infantum infection in dogs. The study included 150 dogs, of which T. caninum infection was identified in 3 (2%) and L. infantum infection in 15 (10%) of them, with no association (p>0.05) of these infections with the breed, gender, age, or cutaneous abnormalities. The cutaneous abnormalities were based on 1 (4.8%) and 12 (57.1%) dogs infected by T. caninum and L. infantum, respectively. The dermatohistopathological abnormalities in the dogs infected with T. caninum included mild perivascular lymphohistioplasmacytic infiltrates in the clinically asymptomatic ones, while in those with dermatological abnormalities, acanthosis, epidermal orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis, melanomacrophages, and co-infection with Microsporum sp. and Trichophyton sp. were observed. InL. infantum infected, the histopathological findings included chronic granulomatous inflammatory infiltrates and structures compatible with amastigotes. Despite the low frequency of T. caninum infection, our findings suggest that this trypanosomatid, unlike L. infantum, does not cause any macroscopic skin abnormalities.(AU)

Leishmania infantum é um tripanosomatídeo que causa dermatopatia parasitária em cães. Trypanosoma caninum é outro tripanosomatídeo, que infecta a pele de cães, embora anormalidades cutâneas sejam ausentes. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a ocorrência da infecção por T. caninum e suas alterações cutâneas e histológicas associadas e compará-las com a ocorrência da infecção por L. infantum em cães. O estudo incluiu 150 cães, dos quais a infecção por T. caninum foi identificada em 3 (2%) e a infecção por L. infantum em 15 (10%) deles, sem associação (p>0,05) dessas infecções com a raça, sexo, idade ou anormalidades cutâneas. As alterações cutâneas foram observadas em 1 (4,8%) e 12 (57,1%) cães infectados por T. caninum e L. infantum, respectivamente. As anormalidades dermato-histopatológicas nos cães infectados por T. caninum incluíram infiltrados linfo-histioplasmocitários perivasculares leves nos clinicamente assintomáticos, enquanto naqueles com anormalidades dermatológicas, foram observados acantose, hiperqueratose ortoqueratótica epidermal e melanomacrófagos e co-infecção por Microsporum sp. e Trichophyton sp. Nos cães infectados por L. infantum, os achados histopatológicos incluíram infiltrados inflamatórios granulomatosos crônicos e estruturas compatíveis com amastigotas. A despeito da baixa frequência da infecção por T. caninum, nossos achados sugerem que esse tripanosomatídeo, diferentemente de L. infantum, não causa anormalidades macroscópicas na pele.(AU)

Canine visceral leishmaniasis: perception, prevalence, and spatial distribution in municipality of Nossa Senhora do Livramento, Mato Grosso, Brazil / Leishmaniose visceral canina: percepção, prevalência e distribuição espacial em Nossa Senhora do Livramento, Mato Grosso, Brazil

The midwest region of Brazil has witnessed an increase in the number of cases of human (HVL) and canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the populations perception of these diseases, factors associated with CVL, its spatial distribution, and the prevalence of anti-Leishmania spp. in 385 dogs, determined using a commercially available immunochromatographic rapid test and confirmed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of the 385 samples, 54 were positive for CVL and confirmed by ELISA, corresponding to a prevalence of 14%. Knowledge of signs of CVL by tutors (p = 0.038); previous occurrence of CVL in the vicinity (p = 0.022); symptomatic dog(s) (p = 0.014), splenomegaly (p = 0.055), and ear ulcer(s) (p = 0.059) were significantly associated with CVL. The results revealed a significant prevalence of CVL spatially distributed in rural and urban contexts. The association between environmentally related variables and perception and the occurrence of CVL underscores the importance of implementing control and prevention strategies primarily focused on environmental management and health education activities.(AU)

No Brasil, a região Centro-Oeste tem apresentado aumento no número de casos de leishmaniose visceral humana (LVH) e canina (LVC). Com isso, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a percepção da população em relação à doença, aos fatores associados a LVC, à distribuição espacial e à prevalência de anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp. em 385 cães, a partir do teste rápido imunocromatográfico e ensaio imunoenzimático (ELISA). Das 385 amostras, 54 foram reagentes para LVC e confirmadas no ELISA, correspondendo a prevalência de 14%. O conhecimento dos sinais da LVC pelos tutores (p = 0,038), a ocorrência prévia da LVC na vizinhança (p = 0,022), o cão sintomático (p = 0,014), esplenomegalia (p = 0,055) e apresentar úlcera em ponta de orelha (p = 0,059) foram significativamente associados à LVC. Os resultados demonstram expressiva prevalência de LVC, distribuídas espacialmente no contexto rural e urbano, e a associação de variáveis relacionadas ao ambiente e à percepção com a ocorrência da LVC ressaltam a importância da implementação de estratégias de controle e prevenção, focadas principalmente no manejo ambiental e em atividades de educação em saúde.(AU)