Hydroxymethylnitrofurazone (NFOH) decreases parasitaemia, parasitism and tissue lesion caused by infection with the Bolivia Trypanosoma cruzi type I strain in Swiss and C57BL/6 mice

Abstract The chemical hydroxymethylation of the antimicrobial nitrofurazone leads to the prodrug NFOH, also increases the anti-T. cruzi activities (in vitro and in vivo), as well as showed non-genotoxic (Ames and micronucleus assays). In the present study, we assessed the anti-T. cruzi effect of the NFOH In vivo - in acute Swiss and C57Bl/6 experimental Chagas models. The treatment started at 5 days post-infection during 20 consecutive days (orally, once day, 150mg/kg), and the parasitaemia as well as histopathology analysis were performed. In both experimental murine models, NFOH was able to reduce parasitemia blood avoiding parasitic reactivation, during immunosuppression period (dexamethasone 5mg/kg, 14 days), in 100% of the mice, and decrease tissue parasite nests, demonstrating absence of amastigote forms in all organs (100%) analyzed, data similar to benznidazole (BZN). Therefore, the results shown here pointing to the NFOH as promising compound for further preclinical studies, being a high potential drug to effective and safe chemotherapy to Chagas disease.

Effect of systemic ozone therapy as a biomodulator of tissue regeneration and inflammatory response in rats / Efeito da terapia sistêmica de ozônio como um biomodulador da regeneração tecidual e da resposta inflamatória em ratos

Introduction Among the therapeutic effects of ozone therapy, improvement in cell metabolism and peripheral tissue oxygenation have been highlighted. Objective to evaluate the systemic effect of bio-oxidative therapy with ozone gas on wound healing. Material and method Tissue lesions with a circumference of 1.0 cm were induced in the skin on the back of 24 male Wistar rats. The animals were randomly divided into two groups: 1) Group C (control; n=12): with simulation of the application of ozone gas via the rectum and, 2) Group O3 (test; n=12): with application of ozone gas by means of rectal insufflation at a concentration of 50 µg/mL. The animals were euthanized at seven and 15 days, and samples were removed, fixed in formalin, and submitted to macroscopic, histological, and histometric analyses. Result The animals in the O3 group presented mixed inflammation at seven days, which translated into an absence of inflammation at 15 days. The C group exhibited acute inflammation on the 7th day, translating to chronic inflammation, which significantly increased from the 7th to the 15th day. The findings showed that the O3 group presented greater wound contraction (P<0.05) and a greater degree of neovascularization on the 7th day (P<0.05) when compared to group C. On the 15th day, both groups (O3 and C) showed complete re-epithelialization, however, the O3 group demonstrated complete muscle regeneration. Conclusion The systemic ozone therapy had a biomodulatory effect, reducing the characteristics of acute inflammation and increasing tissue repair and regeneration in rat skin.

Introdução Dentre os efeitos terapêuticos da ozonioterapia, destacam-se a melhora do metabolismo celular e da oxigenação dos tecidos periféricos. Objetivo avaliar o efeito sistêmico da terapia bio-oxidativa com gás ozônio na cicatrização de feridas. Material e método Lesões teciduais com circunferência de 1,0 cm foram induzidas na pele do dorso de 24 ratos Wistar machos. Os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos: 1) Grupo C (controle; n = 12): com simulação da aplicação de gás ozônio pelo reto e, 2) Grupo O3 (teste; n = 12): com aplicação de gás ozônio por meio de insuflação retal na concentração de 50 µg / mL. Os animais foram sacrificados com sete e 15 dias, e as amostras foram retiradas, fixadas em formalina e submetidas às análises macroscópica, histológica e histométrica. Resultado Os animais do grupo O3 apresentaram inflamação mista aos sete dias, que se traduziu em ausência de inflamação aos 15 dias. O grupo C apresentou inflamação aguda no 7º dia, traduzindo-se em inflamação crônica, que aumentou significativamente do 7º para o 15º dia. Os achados mostraram que o grupo O3 apresentou maior contração da ferida (P <0,05) e maior grau de neovascularização no 7º dia (P <0,05) quando comparado ao grupo C. No 15º dia, ambos os grupos (O3 e C) apresentaram completa reepitelização, entretanto, o grupo O3 demonstrou completa regeneração muscular. Conclusão A ozonioterapia sistêmica teve efeito biomodulador, reduzindo as características de inflamação aguda e aumentando a reparação e regeneração tecidual na pele de ratos.

Rabdomyosarcoma of the Mandible: An Uncommon Clinical Presentation.

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in children and adolescents. Most patients present with a mass in the head and neck region, urogenital region, or with distal extremity involvement. The authors describe a challenging case of a 6-year-old male patient presenting with mandibular RMS. The clinical/radiographic/tomographic evaluations classified the tumor as an advanced stage (stage IV), with a mass of 6.0 cm involving the left side of the mandible and parotid region. The biopsy revealed round, spindled, and pleomorphic cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and rare larger rhabdomyoblasts with eosinophilic cytoplasm. The diagnosis was of embryonal RMS. The patient was referred for treatment with cycles of chemotherapy; however, pulmonary and bone marrow metastasis were identified. Radiotherapy and local surgery with microvascular reconstruction were performed later; however, the patient died after a few months. Early diagnosis is critical for a good prognosis and cure of patients with RMS. Correct diagnosis considering also the histological subtype is important for adequate treatment, which according to the literature is not uniform probably because of the rarity of this neoplasm.

Protocols for management of oral complications of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for oral cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis current

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Considering the high possibility of dentist consult a patient with oral complications of chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy for oral cancer because of the advances in this area, this study aims to systematically review the literature to identify and suggest effective and safe protocols for the managements of oral complications in oncology patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The systematic review was designed by PICO and PRISMA including eligibility and exclusion criteria; the source of information and search strategy in PubMed according MeSH: «Mouth Neoplasms and Radiotherapy» and «Mouth Neoplasms and Drug Therapy» the period from 2010 to 2015; selection and data collection of study was carried form blind and independently by two researchers; risk of bias and methodological quality: ensured by the PEDro scale; synthesis of data: of oral complications were evaluated by adapted version of associative direction classification proposed by Costigan and collaborators; and data analysis was performed by the meta-analysis of BioEstat program (5.0) in the included studies. RESULTS: 2,700 articles found, 2,371 were selected after removal of duplicate and elected 40 full-text articles. Of these, only 06 articles were included in the systematic review with exclusion of others, per obtain punctuation ≥ 7 with high methodological quality for synthesis of the managements of oral complications. Since 05 articles were associated with low risk of bias composing the protocols suggestive for managements and the meta-analysis in odds ratio (0.916) to cure and relative risk (1.049) for the development of oral mucositis and pain. CONCLUSIONS: The protocols suggestive for managements of oral mucositis and pain with MuGard - mucoadhesive hydrogel; PerioAid Tratamiento(R) antiseptic mouthrinse with chlorhexidine and cetylpyridinium chloride; Episil(R) plus benzydamine - bioadhesive oromucosal gel; 0,03% of Triclosan mouthwash Colgate Plax; and Diode Laser Therapy of low-level are safe for oncology patients applied according to adopted clinical parameters

Pathological Mandibular Fracture Associated With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in HIV-Positive Patient.

This article describes the occurrence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a 39-year-old human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient. The patient sought medical care complaining of increased volume in the right mandibular angle and imaging tests showed an extensive radiolucency with undefined boundaries compromising the mandibular border. After the incisional biopsy, the patient had a pathological fracture in the region, which was properly treated in a second surgical procedure using a 2.4-mm reconstruction plate. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed positive marking for CD3, CD79a, Ki67, and Epstein-Barr virus-encoded RNA. The treatment consisted of concurrent antiretroviral therapy with chemotherapy with rituximab combined with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. Examinations of images (2 years postoperatively) revealed complete bone repair and absence of injury recurrence. This work is important because it describes an unusual location of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and shows the importance of diagnosis and treatment of the injury at an early stage in order to promote the prognosis and survival of patients.

Experimental osteonecrosis: development of a model in rodents administered alendronate.

The main objective of this study was to cause bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws to develop in a rodent model. Adult male Holtzman rats were assigned to one of two experimental groups to receive alendronate (AL; 1 mg/kg/week; n = 6) or saline solution (CTL; n = 6). After 60 days of drug therapy, all animals were subjected to first lower molar extraction, and 28 days later, animals were euthanized. All rats treated with alendronate developed osteonecrosis, presenting as ulcers and necrotic bone, associated with a significant infection process, especially at the inter-alveolar septum area and crestal regions. The degree of vascularization, the levels of C-telopeptide cross-linked collagen type I and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, as well as the bone volume were significantly reduced in these animals. Furthermore, on radiographic analysis, animals treated with alendronate presented evident sclerosis of the lamina dura of the lower first molar alveolar socket associated with decreased radiographic density in this area. These findings indicate that the protocol developed in the present study opens new perspectives and could be a good starting model for future property design.

Unusual Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor.

The adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is a rare benign neoplasm. It can, however, have locally aggressive behavior. This is a case of an adenomatoid odontogenic tumor of unusual location and behavior in a 15-year-old female patient. A panoramic radiograph revealed a large radiolucent lesion involving the retained tooth 33. Teeth involved in this lesion were displaced and with apparent root resorption. A prototype of the mandible showed a marked expansion of cortical bone, fenestration points in the lingual cortex, and fragility of the base of the mandible. Therefore, because of the risk of postoperative pathologic fracture the placement of a 2.4-mm reconstruction plate was indicated. Total enucleation of the lesion, as well as placement of a reconstruction plate were performed. Despite the large bone destruction, with the correct surgical procedure and the use of the reconstruction plate the patient recovered without incidents and a 24-month postoperative radiography showed satisfactory bone formation.

Experimental osteonecrosis: development of a model in rodents administered alendronate

Abstract The main objective of this study was to cause bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws to develop in a rodent model. Adult male Holtzman rats were assigned to one of two experimental groups to receive alendronate (AL; 1 mg/kg/week; n = 6) or saline solution (CTL; n = 6). After 60 days of drug therapy, all animals were subjected to first lower molar extraction, and 28 days later, animals were euthanized. All rats treated with alendronate developed osteonecrosis, presenting as ulcers and necrotic bone, associated with a significant infection process, especially at the inter-alveolar septum area and crestal regions. The degree of vascularization, the levels of C-telopeptide cross-linked collagen type I and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, as well as the bone volume were significantly reduced in these animals. Furthermore, on radiographic analysis, animals treated with alendronate presented evident sclerosis of the lamina dura of the lower first molar alveolar socket associated with decreased radiographic density in this area. These findings indicate that the protocol developed in the present study opens new perspectives and could be a good starting model for future property design.

Efeitos de drogas antiplaquetárias na doença periodontal / Effects of antiplatelet drugs in periodontal disease

A associação entre plaquetas, angiogênese e progressão ou reparo da doença periodontal tem sido pouco explorada e, consequentemente, os resultados são inconclusivos. As bactérias patogênicas presentes no sítio periodontal liberam endotoxinas que afetam a integridade endotelial e são capazes de induzir a produção de mediadores químicos derivados de proteínas plasmáticas e da coagulação sanguínea e ao mesmo tempo altera a função plaquetária. Há grande interesse na modulação da atividade das plaquetas nas alterações vasculares, especialmente cardiovasculares. Para isso, drogas antiplaquetárias que são comumente usadas na prevenção da doença tromboembólica, tais como infarto do miocárdio, isquemia cerebral e insuficiência arterial periférica, têm sido utilizadas. A aspirina é o único anti-inflamatório não esteroidal com atividade antiplaquetária. No periodonto, além de reduzir os níveis de citocinas inflamatórias, afeta significativamente o sangramento a sondagem, sugerindo uma modulação dose-dependente da periodontite. Em contrapartida, clopidogrel e ticlopidina são drogas derivadas da tienopiridina, sem ação anti-inflamatória conhecida, sugerindo-se que este benefício esteja relacionado a um efeito anti-inflamatório indireto correlacionado a sua atividade antiplaquetária já estabelecida. Na literatura, são escassas as informações a cerca do efeito destas drogas sobre o periodonto e desenvolvimento da doença periodontal. O uso de drogas antiplaquetárias hipoteticamente pode alterar a patogênese da periodontite e consequente reparação dos tecidos periodontais através do bloqueio da secreção de mediadores químicos que, de modo geral, são importantes na modulação do processo inflamatório e de reparo tecidual.

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 29 cases.

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor occurring more frequently in the childhood. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of rhabdomyosarcomas of the head and neck (RHNs). Twenty nine patients treated in a single institution were selected. The histological slides were reviewed and the tumors were classified. The immunohistochemical reactions were performed using antibodies against vimentin, desmin, myogenin, MyoD1, AE1/AE3, p53, PCNA, Ki67, C-erbB2, FAS and CDK4. The mean age was 14.3 years. The nonparameningeal site was affected in 16 cases (55.2%). Eleven cases (37.9%) affected parameningeal sites and 2 cases the orbit. The p53 was positive in 4 cases (13.8%), CDK4 in 10 cases (34.5%), C-erbB2 in 19 cases (70.4%), FAS in 9 cases (31%), PCNA in 28 cases (96.5%) and Ki67 in 16 cases (55.2%). The overall survival was 28.7% in 5 and 10 years, and p53 expression may be related with poor prognosis.

Rhabdomyosarcoma of the head and neck: a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of 29 cases

Rhabdomyosarcoma is a malignant tumor occurring more frequently in the childhood. The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical features of rhabdomyosarcomas of the head and neck (RHNs). Twenty nine patients treated in a single institution were selected. The histological slides were reviewed and the tumors were classified. The immunohistochemical reactions were performed using antibodies against vimentin, desmin, myogenin, MyoD1, AE1/AE3, p53, PCNA, Ki67, C-erbB2, FAS and CDK4. The mean age was 14.3 years. The nonparameningeal site was affected in 16 cases (55.2 percent). Eleven cases (37.9 percent) affected parameningeal sites and 2 cases the orbit. The p53 was positive in 4 cases (13.8 percent), CDK4 in 10 cases (34.5 percent), C-erbB2 in 19 cases (70.4 percent), FAS in 9 cases (31 percent), PCNA in 28 cases (96.5 percent) and Ki67 in 16 cases (55.2 percent). The overall survival was 28.7 percent in 5 and 10 years, and p53 expression may be related with poor prognosis.

Rabdomiossarcoma é um tumor maligno que ocorre mais frequentemente na infância. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as características clinicopatológicas e imunohistoquímicas dos rabdosiossarcomas de cabeça e pescoço. Vinte e nove pacientes tratados em uma única instituição foram selecionados. As lâminas histológicas foram revisadas e os tumores foram classificados. As reações imunohistoquímicas foram realizadas usando anticorpos contra vimentina, desmina, miogenina, MyoD1, AE1/AE3, p53, PCNA, Ki67, C-erbB2, FAS e CDK4. A idade média dos pacientes foi de 14,3 anos. Localização não-parameningeal foi o sítio mais afetado correspondendo a 16 casos (55,2 por cento). Onze casos (37,9 por cento) afetaram sítios parameningeais e em 2 casos a órbita. p53 foi positivo em 4 casos (13,8 por cento), CDK4 em 10 casos (34,5 por cento), C-erbB2 em 19 casos (70,4 por cento), FAS em 9 casos (31 por cento), PCNA em 28 casos (96,5 por cento) e Ki67 em 16 casos (55,2 por cento). A sobrevida global foi 28,7 por cento em 5 e 10 anos, e a expressão de p53 pode estar relacionado ao pior prognóstico.

Giant cell angiofibroma of the oral cavity: A case report and review of the literature

Giant cell angiofibroma is a well-circumscribed, normally encapsulated, distinctive orbital soft tissue tumor. However, it is now recognized that this lesion can also present in other locations, including the oral cavity. The morphological hallmark is a richly vascularized, patternless spindle cell proliferation containing pseudovascular spaces and floret-typemultinucleate giant cells. CD34 immunoreactivity, although not specific, represents the only immunohistochemical finding of potential diagnostic value. We present a case of a 44-year-old male Caucasian patient complaining of painless solitary nodule arising on the right buccal mucosa, which was diagnosed as giant cell angiofibroma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third case of oral giant cell angiofibroma reported in the English-language literature

Cirurgia estética para remoção de hiperplasia gengival: granuloma piogênico / Esthetic surgery for removal gingival hyperplasia: pyogenic granuloma. Clinical case report

O granuloma piogênico, considerado como uma lesão hiperplásica reacional inflamatória regenerativa, é um achado comumente encontrado na cavidade oral, afetando grande número de indivíduos, sendo mais prevalente no sexo feminino. Porém, sua patogênese ainda não está bem definida, podendo estar associada a inúmeros fatores que estimulam a proliferação tecidual. O correto diagnóstico e o plano de tratamento são essenciais para o sucesso na abordagem, devolvendo a função e a estética aos tecidos periodontais. De consenso com a literatura, o tratamento mais usual e com maior previsibilidade é a remoção cirúrgica, que envolve a ressecção total da lesão, juntamente com sua base inserida no tecido subjacente, periósteo e tecido ósseo. No entanto, a excisão pode promover defeitos estéticos, principalmente em regiões anteriores, onde é mais acometido. Este artigo relatou a importância de uma correta abordagem cirúrgica para remoção de granuloma piogênico em região de papila interdental entre os dentes 42 e 43, resultando em um bom resultado anatômico e estético.

Análises clínica, histopatológica e imunohistoquímica de Rabdomiossarcomas da região de cabeça e pescoço / Analyzes clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical rhabdomyosarcoma of head and neck

Rabdomiossarcoma acomete preferencialmente crianças e adolescentes sendo raro em pessoas com mais de 45 anos de idade. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar as características clínicas, histopatológicas e imunohistoquímicas de rabdomiossarcomas de cabeça e pescoço correlacionando com o prognóstico dos pacientes. Foram analisados 29 pacientes com rabdomiossarcoma da região de cabeça e pescoço tratados no Departamento de Cabeça e Pescoço e Otorrinolaringologia, Hospital do Câncer A.C. Camargo, São Paulo, Brasil. Os dados clínicos foram obtidos dos prontuários médicos e as lâminas histológicas foram revisadas e os tumores classificados de acordo com Enzinger & Weiss, 2001. O tratamento predominante foi a quimioterapia com radioterapia (17 casos, 58,6%) havendo recorrência em 15 casos (41,4%). A sobrevida global foi de 28,7% em cinco e dez anos. Nossos resultados demonstraram que dentre todos os fatores prognósticos analizados, apenas p53 demonstrou ser marginalmente significante

Tratamento endodôntico em pacientes submetidos a radioterapia na regiäo de cabeça e pescoço / Endodontic treatment in patients irradiated on the head and neck region

O carcinoma espinocelular da cavidade bucal é um dos tumores malignos mais freqüentes no Brasil. O tratamento é realizado através de cirurgia, radioterapia e, por vezes, quimioterapia. O tratamento radioterápico da regiäo de cabeça e pescoço é associado a inúmeros efeitos colaterais, incluindo desenvolvimento de xerostomia, modificaçäo do pH bucal, reduçäo da capacidade de limpeza realizada pela saliva e, conseqüentemente, formaçäo de "cáries de radiaçäo". Embora muitos dentes tenham indicaçäo de exodontia, normalmente esta é contra-indicada nas áreas irradiadas devido ao alto risco de desenvolvimento de osteorradionecrose. Desse modo, o tratamento endodôntico assume grande importância, porque, além de prevenir o desenvolvimento de osteorradionecrose, possibilita o controle da sintomatologia dolorosa e restabelecimento estético e funcional

Expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in the development of rat first molar tooth germ

Tooth germ development is associated with morphological and biochemical changes of the dental papilla and enamel organ. Enzymes with gelatinolytic activities were studied by semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and enzymography in tooth germ of newborn to 15-day-old rats. Three major bands with gelatinolytic activity were detected at all periods and characterized as the latent and active forms of MMP-2 using their molecular weight and activity dependent on Zn++ and Ca++ ions as criteria. Expression and activity of MMP-2 increased progressively from 0 to 15 days after birth. Mechanical separation of the tooth germ from 10-day-old rats showed that the gelatinolytic activity was localized mainly in the dental papilla and not the dental organ. These data indicate that the expression and activity of MMP-2 varies during the development and maturation of rat first molar tooth germ.