Health of Holochilus chacarius (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in rice agroecosystem in a neotropical wetland assessed by histopathology.

Small mammals have a short lifetime and are strictly associated with their environment. This work aimed to use histopathology to assess the health of Holochilus chacarius in a rice agroecosystem in the Pantanal of Mato Grosso do Sul. During necropsy, fragments of the lung, kidney, skin, liver, and reproductive system of 33 animals were collected and submitted to histological processing. Tissue damages were evaluated as mild, moderate, and severe and arranged in a matrix for further statistical analysis. Furthermore, we used generalized linear models to verify the influence of tissue changes on the body condition, obtained by a regression between body mass and length. In the lungs, we found an intense inflammatory infiltrate associated with anthracosis that had a negative influence on the body's condition. Also, we observed degenerative and inflammatory changes in the liver, kidneys, skin, and reproductive system that ranged from mild to moderate. The histopathological lesions observed in this study may be associated with environmental alterations of anthropic origin such as the exposure to soot from wildfires and heavy metals, evidenced by lesions in the lung, kidney, and liver. The present study provided a histopathological matrix as a new approach that allows to classify and quantify the tissue alterations. Tissue changes when associated with body condition demonstrated to be an effective tool to assess the health of small free-living mammals, showing that these animals can be used as bioindicators of environmental condition.

The relationships among Leishmania infantum and phyllostomid bats assessed by histopathological and molecular assays.

Bats have been reported as reservoir host of Leishmania spp. worldwide, mostly by molecular detection. However, it is still unclear whether bats act as reservoirs of Leishmania infantum to sandflies vectors. In this sense, the investigation of amastigotes forms in the target organs, and the characterization of their associated inflammation, may help to clarify the epidemiological importance of bats in endemic areas for leishmaniasis. The aim of this work was to investigate the host-parasite relationships under microscopic evaluation and predict the epidemiological role of two phyllostomid bats species naturally infected by L. infantum in an endemic area for human leishmaniasis. Fragments of skin, liver and spleen of L. infantum positive and negative bats (Artibeus planirostris and Carollia perspicillata) by qPCR, were studied by histological and immunohistochemical techniques. Both groups, positive and negative, did not show differences in the histopathological study, presenting only discrete tissue changes. Liver and skin showed mild inflammatory reactions. Findings on spleen consisted of reactivity of the lymphoid follicles, expressive presence of apoptotic cells and macrophages containing abundant phagocytic cells debris. We did not find amastigote forms in tissues by histological and IHC techniques in positive qPCR bats. Our results allow us to hypothesize that phyllostomid bats seem to have an important role in reducing the risk of transmission, possibly acting as dead-end host.

Corrigendum: Leishmania infantum infecting the carnivore Nasua nasua from urban forest fragments in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazilian Midwest.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1050339.].

Brucellosis in the Brazilian Pantanal wetland: threat to animal production and wildlife conservation.

This review was performed to gather knowledge about brucellosis in livestock and wildlife in the Brazilian Pantanal, a biome with a huge biodiversity and extensive livestock production. Following the preferred reporting items for narrative review guidelines and using the terms "Brucella" and "Pantanal," we explored the PubMed, SciELO, Jstor, Science Direct, and Scholar Google databases. Information on host species, diagnostic test, number of positive animals, and positivity rates were acquired. Articles dating from 1998 to 2022 registered 14 studies including cattle, dogs, and the following wildlife species: Ozotoceros bezoarticus, Sus scrofa, Tayassu peccari, Nasua nasua, Cerdocyon thous, Panthera onca, Dasypus novemcintus, Cabassous unicinctus, Euphractus sexcinctus, Priodontes maximus, Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris. Brucella occurrence in cattle was demonstrated through the serological confirmatory test 2-mercaptoetanol. Molecular diagnosis detected Brucella abortus in dogs, smooth Brucella in O. beoarticus, and Brucella spp. in T. peccari. Cattle may have a pivotal importance in maintenance and spreading of Brucella spp. due to their high population density, environmental contamination from abortion of infected cows, and eventual excretion of B. abortus S19 strain from vaccinated heifers. The occurrence of Brucella spp. in O. bezoarticus and T. peccari represent a risk for wildlife conservation. These data indicate that Brucella spp. are enzootic in the Pantanal wetland, sustained by a reservoir system including domestic and wild mammals. Due to marked seasonality and large populations of wildlife species sharing same environments with livestock, brucellosis acquires great complexity in Pantanal and, therefore, must be analyzed considering both animal production and conservation.

The outcomes of polyparasitism in stray cats from Brazilian Midwest assessed by epidemiological, hematological and pathological data.

We evaluated the epidemiological, hematological, and pathological data of Leishmania spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Platynosomum illiciens, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infections and the coinfections in stray cats of an endemic area for leishmaniasis. The diagnosis was performed by serological tests and necropsy. We described gross lesions and histopathological findings. We used immunohistochemistry and chromogenic in situ hybridization for L. infantum detection. We found infection in 27 out of 50 sampled cats, among them, 14 presented coinfections. A strong correlation between splenomegaly and lymphadenomegaly with FeLV, and an association between hepatic lesions and cachexia with parasitism due to P. illiciens were observed. Moreover, we found a significant increase in the monocyte count in the FeLV-infected and a decrease in the red blood cell count in the FIV-infected animals. Amastigote forms of Leishmania spp. and tissue changes were detected in lymphoid organs of an animal coinfected with P. illiciens, T. gondii, and FIV. Polyparasitism recorded in stray cats of the Brazilian Midwest should be considered in effective control strategies for public health diseases. Moreover, stray cats of Campo Grande may be a source of infection of FIV, FeLV and P. illiciens for populations of domiciled cats.

Leishmania infantum infecting the carnivore Nasua nasua from urban forest fragments in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazilian Midwest.

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence of Leishmania infantum in South American coatis inhabiting two forest fragments in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Midwest region of Brazil, an endemic area of human and canine visceral leishmaniasis (VL). Material and methods: A total of 110 South American coatis were sampled in the conservation unit "Parque Estadual do Prosa" (PEP) and in the residential area "Vila da Base Aérea" (VBA) from March 2018 to April 2019. As a longitudinal study that include up to six recaptures of the same individual, a total of 190 capture events were obtained. Blood, bone marrow and skin samples were obtained for parasitological (axenic culture), serological (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay - ELISA and Dual-path Platform immunoassay - DPP® CVL) and molecular diagnostic assays (targeting kDNA for Leishmania spp. and L. infantum; and HSP70 followed by sequence analysis). Results: Seropositivity for L. infantum was found in 33 individuals, six in PEP and 27 in VBA. Furthermore, L. infantum was detected by molecular analysis in 16 individuals, seven from PEP and nine from VBA. We also isolated L. infantum from bone marrow of one individual and detected a single positive skin sample in molecular assay from other individual, both from VBA. Discussion: An overall infection rate of 36.4% (40/110) was observed, significantly higher in the VBA (49.1%) than in the PEP (21.6%), probably because VBA presents: (i) a large number of resident dogs and chickens that would be attracting sandflies; (ii) a denser population of this wild mammal species; and (iii) physical barriers and a lack of functional connectivity in the surroundings, preventing these animals to disperse out. We conclude that South American coati populations living in urban forest fragments of Campo Grande are affected by the epidemiological scenario of VL, known to involve dogs, vectors and humans. We highlight the importance of investigate the parasitism by L. infantum in this and other potential L. infantum reservoirs that inhabit urbanized regions endemic to VL.

The outcomes of polyparasitism in stray cats from Brazilian Midwest assessed by epidemiological, hematological and pathological data / Poliparasitismo em gatos não domiciliados no Centro-Oeste brasileiro avaliado através dos aspectos epidemiológicos, hematológicos e patológicos

We evaluated the epidemiological, hematological, and pathological data of Leishmania spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Platynosomum illiciens, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infections and the coinfections in stray cats of an endemic area for leishmaniasis. The diagnosis was performed by serological tests and necropsy. We described gross lesions and histopathological findings. We used immunohistochemistry and chromogenic in situ hybridization for L. infantum detection. We found infection in 27 out of 50 sampled cats, among them, 14 presented coinfections. A strong correlation between splenomegaly and lymphadenomegaly with FeLV, and an association between hepatic lesions and cachexia with parasitism due to P. illiciens were observed. Moreover, we found a significant increase in the monocyte count in the FeLV-infected and a decrease in the red blood cell count in the FIV-infected animals. Amastigote forms of Leishmania spp. and tissue changes were detected in lymphoid organs of an animal coinfected with P. illiciens, T. gondii, and FIV. Polyparasitism recorded in stray cats of the Brazilian Midwest should be considered in effective control strategies for public health diseases. Moreover, stray cats of Campo Grande may be a source of infection of FIV, FeLV and P. illiciens for populations of domiciled cats.(AU)

Foi avaliada a epidemiologia, hematologia e patologia das infecções por Leishmania spp., Toxoplasma gondii, Platynosomum illiciens, vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) e vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV) e das coinfecções em gatos não domiciliados em uma área endêmica para leishmaniose. O diagnóstico foi realizado por exames sorológicos e necropsia. Foram descritas lesões macroscópicas e achados histopatológicos. Usaram-se imuno-histoquímica e hibridização cromogênica in situ para detecção de L. infantum. Encontrou-se infecção em 27 dos 50 gatos amostrados, dentre eles, 14 apresentavam coinfecções. Foi observada forte correlação entre esplenomegalia e linfadenomegalia com FeLV, e associação entre lesões hepáticas e caquexia com parasitismo por P. illiciens. Além disso, foi encontrado um aumento significativo na contagem de monócitos nos animais infectados pelo FeLV e uma diminuição na contagem de hemácias nos animais infectados pelo FIV. Formas amastigotas de Leishmania spp. e alterações teciduais foram detectadas em órgãos linfoides de um animal coinfectado com P. illiciens, T. gondii e FIV. O poliparasitismo registrado em gatos errantes do Centro-Oeste brasileiro deve ser considerado nas estratégias de controle de zoonoses. Além disso, gatos errantes de Campo Grande podem ser fontes de infecção de FIV, FeLV e P. illiciens para populações de gatos domiciliados.(AU)

Tick-borne zoonotic agents infecting horses from an urban area in Midwestern Brazil: epidemiological and hematological features.

The emergence of tick-borne diseases has been reported as a serious problem in public health worldwide and many aspects of its epidemiology and effects on the health of its hosts are unclear. We aimed to perform an epidemiological study of tick-borne zoonotic Rickettsia, Borrelia, and Anaplasmataceae in horses from Midwestern Brazil. We also evaluated whether Borrelia spp. and Anaplasmataceae may be associated with hematological disorders in the sampled animals. Blood and serum samples as well as ticks were collected from 262 horses. Serum samples were used to perform serological tests, and hematological analyses were made using whole blood. Furthermore, DNA extracted from whole blood and ticks was used for molecular tests. Campo Grande is enzootic for tick-borne studied bacteria, since we found an overall exposure of 59.9% of the sampled horses, 28.7% of them presented co-exposure. Seropositivity rates of 20.6% for Borrelia spp., 25.6% for Rickettsia spp., and 31.6% for Anaplasmataceae were found in the sampled horses. Considering both molecular and serological tests for Borrelia spp., the infection rate was 48.0% (126/262). None of the tested horses showed molecular positivity for Anaplasma phagocytophilum. The horses sampled displayed 7.2% of parasitism by ixodid ticks in single and coinfestations. We did not find DNA of any studied bacteria in the sampled ticks. Positive horses for Borrelia spp. and Anaplasmataceae agents displayed leukopenia, monocytopenia, and lymphopenia. Together, our results suggest that horses may play a role as sentinel host for zoonotic bacteria and Borrelia spp. and Anaplasmataceae agents can impair the health of horses.

Mortalidade em pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus) ocasionada por Pantoea agglomerans e Pseudomonas aeruginosa em tanque escavado / Mortality in pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus) caused by Pantoea agglomerans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in excavated tank

Background: Fish production in Brazil is growing strongly. This growth is being mainly driven by mainland aquaculture,which in 2017 produced 691.700 tons of fish. To improve production levels, fish farms have become increasingly intensive,but in these systems, the high fish densities in the ponds, the high feeding rate, and the high organic matter levels in thewater can lead the fish becoming stressed. This can cause bacterial proliferation and an increase in mortality. Most species of fish-causing bacteria are saprophytes. They are found naturally in the environment and are usually responsible forsecondary or opportunistic infections. This study reports on an outbreak of Pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus) mortality atan intensive fish farm, in the municipality of Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, that used excavated tanks.Cases: The outbreak occurred at a fish farm in the municipality of Campo Grande, MS, during August, 2015. A total of200 pacus in two tanks died after they showed the following symptoms: lethargy, anorexia, increased mucus production,and disordered swimming and water surface searching. The temperature and dissolved oxygen were measured using adigital thermometer and an oximeter, respectively, and water transparency was measured with a Secchi disc. The pH wasmeasured using a portable digital potentiometer. The values for the water quality parameters analyzed during the mortalityperiod were temperature, 22.5oC; transparency, 20 cm; oxygen dissolved in the early morning 3 mg/L and at the end ofthe afternoon, 4.5 mg/L; pH 8.3; and toxic ammonia, 0.002 ppm. Five fishes were collected from the tank, immediatelycooled to 4°C, and sent to the Microbiology and Pathology Laboratories to perform the microbiological and pathologicallaboratory procedures. After the replication process, the slow glucose fermentation characteristics in MacConkey Agar andother biochemical tests showed that the lactose non-fermenter bacterium was Pseudomonas...(AU)

Mortalidade em pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus) ocasionada por Pantoea agglomerans e Pseudomonas aeruginosa em tanque escavado / Mortality in pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus) caused by Pantoea agglomerans and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in excavated tank

Background: Fish production in Brazil is growing strongly. This growth is being mainly driven by mainland aquaculture,which in 2017 produced 691.700 tons of fish. To improve production levels, fish farms have become increasingly intensive,but in these systems, the high fish densities in the ponds, the high feeding rate, and the high organic matter levels in thewater can lead the fish becoming stressed. This can cause bacterial proliferation and an increase in mortality. Most species of fish-causing bacteria are saprophytes. They are found naturally in the environment and are usually responsible forsecondary or opportunistic infections. This study reports on an outbreak of Pacus (Piaractus mesopotamicus) mortality atan intensive fish farm, in the municipality of Campo Grande, MS, Brazil, that used excavated tanks.Cases: The outbreak occurred at a fish farm in the municipality of Campo Grande, MS, during August, 2015. A total of200 pacus in two tanks died after they showed the following symptoms: lethargy, anorexia, increased mucus production,and disordered swimming and water surface searching. The temperature and dissolved oxygen were measured using adigital thermometer and an oximeter, respectively, and water transparency was measured with a Secchi disc. The pH wasmeasured using a portable digital potentiometer. The values for the water quality parameters analyzed during the mortalityperiod were temperature, 22.5oC; transparency, 20 cm; oxygen dissolved in the early morning 3 mg/L and at the end ofthe afternoon, 4.5 mg/L; pH 8.3; and toxic ammonia, 0.002 ppm. Five fishes were collected from the tank, immediatelycooled to 4°C, and sent to the Microbiology and Pathology Laboratories to perform the microbiological and pathologicallaboratory procedures. After the replication process, the slow glucose fermentation characteristics in MacConkey Agar andother biochemical tests showed that the lactose non-fermenter bacterium was Pseudomonas...

Maintenance of Trypanosoma cruzi, T. evansi and Leishmania spp. by domestic dogs and wild mammals in a rural settlement in Brazil-Bolivian border.

Domestic dogs are considered reservoirs hosts for several vector-borne parasites. This study aimed to evaluate the role of domestic dogs as hosts for Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma evansi and Leishmania spp. in single and co-infections in the Urucum settlement, near the Brazil-Bolivian border. Additionally, we evaluated the involvement of wild mammals' in the maintenance of these parasites in the study area. Blood samples of dogs (n = 62) and six species of wild mammals (n = 36) were collected in July and August of 2015. The infections were assessed using parasitological, serological and molecular tests. Clinical examination of dogs was performed and their feeding habits were noted. Overall, 87% (54/62) of sampled dogs were positive for at least one trypanosomatid species, in single (n = 9) and co-infections (n = 45). We found that 76% of dogs were positive for T. cruzi, four of them displayed high parasitemias demonstrated by hemoculture, including one strain types TcI, two TcIII and one TcIII/TcV. Around 73% (45/62) of dogs were positive to T. evansi, three with high parasitemias as seen by positive microhematocrit centrifuge technique. Of dogs sampled, 50% (31/62) were positive for Leishmania spp. by PCR or serology. We found a positive influence of (i) T. evansi on mucous pallor, (ii) co-infection by T. cruzi and Leishmania with onychogryphosis, and (iii) all parasites to skin lesions of sampled dogs. Finally, feeding on wild mammals had a positive influence in the Leishmania spp. infection in dogs. We found that 28% (5/18) coati Nasua nasua was co-infected for all three trypanosamatids, demonstrating that it might play a key role in maintenance of these parasites. Our results showed the importance of Urucum region as a hotspot for T. cruzi, T. evansi and Leishmania spp. and demonstrated that dogs can be considered as incidental hosts.

Diagnóstico e estudo da patogenia da infecção por Leishmania spp. e Toxoplasma gondii (revisão bibliográfica) / Diagnosis and study of the pathogenesis of Leishmania spp. and Toxoplasma gondii (bibliographic review) / Diagnóstico y estudio de la patogenia de la infección por Leishmania spp. y Toxoplasma gondii (revisión bibliográfica)

As leishmanioses são enfermidades causadas por protozoáriós do gênero Leishmania, podendo causar a leishmaniose tegumentar (LT) , com manifestações cutâneas, mucocutâneas, ou ainda cutâneo difusas, e a leishmaniose visceral (LV), com manifestações sistêmicas. A toxoplasmose é uma cocccidiose dos felídeos, sendo uma das mais comuns parasitoses que afetam os animais homeotérmicos, em todo o mundo, inclusive o homem, constituindo importante zoonose. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo fomentar o estudo do diagnóstico e patogenia dessas enfermidades, através de uma revisão bibliográfica. O trabalho foi desenvolvido mediante pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Nos trabalhos encontrados, em relação a Leishmania spp. observou-se uma grande variação no número de soro reagentes, que vai de zero a 68%, e quando anticorpos são detectados, baixas titulações como 1:10 e 1:20 são comuns, o que pode estar associada à resistência nestes animais. A infecção pelos vírus da leucemia e da imunodeficiência felina também, parece comprometer a produção de anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp. nesta espécie, e isso também poderia ser responsável pela baixa titulação em felinos infectados pelo protozoário. Em relação à toxoplasmose, a frequência de anticorpos antitoxoplasma na população felina é variada, esta variação pode estar relacionada ao tipo de população estudada. Sabe-se que resultados superiores são encontrados em populações de gatos de rua. Na medida em que o gato é um companheiro muito próximo ao homem e que estas importantes zoonoses podem ser transmitidas direta ou indiretamente, além do fato de que as duas enfermidades podem trazer sinais clínicos inespecíficos, a identificação correta dos aspectos clínicos e a utilização de diagnósticos mais sensíveis são fundamentais para o controle dessas zoonoses.(AU)

Leishmaniasis are diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, may cause cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), with cutaneous manifestations, mucocutaneous, or diffuse cutaneous and visceralleishmaniasis (VL) with systemic manifestations. Toxoplasmosis is a cocccidiose of Felidae, one of the most common parasitic diseases affecting warm-blooded animais throughout the world, including man and an important zoonosis. This study aimed to encourage the study of diagnosis and pathogenesis of these diseases, through a literature review. The study was conducted by documentary and bibliographic research. In studies found, for Leishmania spp. We observed a wide variation in the number of serum reagents, ranging from zero to 68%, and when antibodies are detected, low titrations as is common 1:1O to 1:20, which may be associated with resistance in these animais. Infection by leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency also seems to impair the production of anti-Leishmania spp antibodies. in this species, and this could also be responsible for the low titer in cats infected by the protozoan. In relation to toxoplasmosis, frequency of Toxoplasma antibodies in the cat population is varied, this variation may be related to the type ofthe studied population. It is known that superior results are found in populations of stray cats. To the extent that the cat is very close to fellow man and that these important zoonoses can be transmitted directly or indirectly, other than the fact that both diseases can bring non-specific clinical signs, the correct identification of the clinical aspects and the use of diagnostics most sensitive are essential to controlling these zoonoses.(AU)

Las leishmaniasis son enfermedades causadas por protozoos del género Leishmania, pudiendo causar la leishmaniasis tegumentar (LT) , con manifestaciones cutáneas, mucocutáneas, o aún cutáneas difusas, y la leishmaniasis visceral (LV), con manifestaciones sistémicas. La toxoplasmosis es una cocccidiosis de los felidos, siendo uno de los más comunes parásitos que afectan aios animales homeotérmicos, en todo el mundo, incluso ai hombre, constituyendo importante zoonosis. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo fomentar el estudio del diagnóstico y patogenia de esas enfermedades, a través de una revisión bibliográfica. El trabajo fue desarrollado mediante investigación documental y bibliográfica. En los trabajos encontrados, en relación a Leishmania spp. se observó una gran variación en el número de suero reactivo, que va de cero a 68%, y cuando se detectan anticuerpos, bajas titulaciones como 1:10 y 1:20 son comunes, que puede estar asociado a la resistencia en estos animales. La infección por los virus de la leu cem ia y la inmunodeficiencia felina también, parece comprometer la producción de anticuerpos anti-Leishmania spp. en esta especie, y eso también podría ser responsable por la baja titulación en felinos infectados por el protozoario. En cuanto a la toxoplasmosis, la frecuencia de anticuerpos antitoxoplasma en la población felina es variada, esta variación puede estar relacionada ai tipo de población estudiada. Se sabe que resultados superiores se encuentran en poblaciones de gatos callejeros. En la medida en que el gato es un compariero muy cercano ai hombre y que estas importantes zoonosis pueden ser transmitidas directa o indirectamente, además dei hecho de que las dos enfermedades pueden traer signos clínicos inespecíficos, la identificación correcta de los aspectos clínicos y la utilización de diagnósticos más sensibles son fundamentales para el control de esas zoonosis.(AU)

Diagnóstico e estudo da patogenia da infecção por Leishmania spp. e Toxoplasma gondii (revisão bibliográfica) / Diagnosis and study of the pathogenesis of Leishmania spp. and Toxoplasma gondii (bibliographic review) / Diagnóstico y estudio de la patogenia de la infección por Leishmania spp. y Toxoplasma gondii (revisión bibliográfica)

As leishmanioses são enfermidades causadas por protozoáriós do gênero Leishmania, podendo causar a leishmaniose tegumentar (LT) , com manifestações cutâneas, mucocutâneas, ou ainda cutâneo difusas, e a leishmaniose visceral (LV), com manifestações sistêmicas. A toxoplasmose é uma cocccidiose dos felídeos, sendo uma das mais comuns parasitoses que afetam os animais homeotérmicos, em todo o mundo, inclusive o homem, constituindo importante zoonose. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo fomentar o estudo do diagnóstico e patogenia dessas enfermidades, através de uma revisão bibliográfica. O trabalho foi desenvolvido mediante pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. Nos trabalhos encontrados, em relação a Leishmania spp. observou-se uma grande variação no número de soro reagentes, que vai de zero a 68%, e quando anticorpos são detectados, baixas titulações como 1:10 e 1:20 são comuns, o que pode estar associada à resistência nestes animais. A infecção pelos vírus da leucemia e da imunodeficiência felina também, parece comprometer a produção de anticorpos anti-Leishmania spp. nesta espécie, e isso também poderia ser responsável pela baixa titulação em felinos infectados pelo protozoário. Em relação à toxoplasmose, a frequência de anticorpos antitoxoplasma na população felina é variada, esta variação pode estar relacionada ao tipo de população estudada. Sabe-se que resultados superiores são encontrados em populações de gatos de rua. Na medida em que o gato é um companheiro muito próximo ao homem e que estas importantes zoonoses podem ser transmitidas direta ou indiretamente, além do fato de que as duas enfermidades podem trazer sinais clínicos inespecíficos, a identificação correta dos aspectos clínicos e a utilização de diagnósticos mais sensíveis são fundamentais para o controle dessas zoonoses.

Leishmaniasis are diseases caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania, may cause cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), with cutaneous manifestations, mucocutaneous, or diffuse cutaneous and visceralleishmaniasis (VL) with systemic manifestations. Toxoplasmosis is a cocccidiose of Felidae, one of the most common parasitic diseases affecting warm-blooded animais throughout the world, including man and an important zoonosis. This study aimed to encourage the study of diagnosis and pathogenesis of these diseases, through a literature review. The study was conducted by documentary and bibliographic research. In studies found, for Leishmania spp. We observed a wide variation in the number of serum reagents, ranging from zero to 68%, and when antibodies are detected, low titrations as is common 1:1O to 1:20, which may be associated with resistance in these animais. Infection by leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency also seems to impair the production of anti-Leishmania spp antibodies. in this species, and this could also be responsible for the low titer in cats infected by the protozoan. In relation to toxoplasmosis, frequency of Toxoplasma antibodies in the cat population is varied, this variation may be related to the type ofthe studied population. It is known that superior results are found in populations of stray cats. To the extent that the cat is very close to fellow man and that these important zoonoses can be transmitted directly or indirectly, other than the fact that both diseases can bring non-specific clinical signs, the correct identification of the clinical aspects and the use of diagnostics most sensitive are essential to controlling these zoonoses.

Las leishmaniasis son enfermedades causadas por protozoos del género Leishmania, pudiendo causar la leishmaniasis tegumentar (LT) , con manifestaciones cutáneas, mucocutáneas, o aún cutáneas difusas, y la leishmaniasis visceral (LV), con manifestaciones sistémicas. La toxoplasmosis es una cocccidiosis de los felidos, siendo uno de los más comunes parásitos que afectan aios animales homeotérmicos, en todo el mundo, incluso ai hombre, constituyendo importante zoonosis. El presente trabajo tuvo como objetivo fomentar el estudio del diagnóstico y patogenia de esas enfermedades, a través de una revisión bibliográfica. El trabajo fue desarrollado mediante investigación documental y bibliográfica. En los trabajos encontrados, en relación a Leishmania spp. se observó una gran variación en el número de suero reactivo, que va de cero a 68%, y cuando se detectan anticuerpos, bajas titulaciones como 1:10 y 1:20 son comunes, que puede estar asociado a la resistencia en estos animales. La infección por los virus de la leu cem ia y la inmunodeficiencia felina también, parece comprometer la producción de anticuerpos anti-Leishmania spp. en esta especie, y eso también podría ser responsable por la baja titulación en felinos infectados por el protozoario. En cuanto a la toxoplasmosis, la frecuencia de anticuerpos antitoxoplasma en la población felina es variada, esta variación puede estar relacionada ai tipo de población estudiada. Se sabe que resultados superiores se encuentran en poblaciones de gatos callejeros. En la medida en que el gato es un compariero muy cercano ai hombre y que estas importantes zoonosis pueden ser transmitidas directa o indirectamente, además dei hecho de que las dos enfermedades pueden traer signos clínicos inespecíficos, la identificación correcta de los aspectos clínicos y la utilización de diagnósticos más sensibles son fundamentales para el control de esas zoonosis.

A new species of Cystoisospora Frenkel, 1977 (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) from Oecomys mamorae Thomas (Rodentia: Cricetidae) in the Brazilian Pantanal.

Despite the great diversity of coccidians, to our knowledge, no coccidian infections have been described in Oecomys spp. In this context, we examined Oecomys mamorae Thomas (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from the Brazilian Pantanal for infections with enteric coccidia. Nine individuals were sampled, and one was found to be infected. The oöcysts were recovered through centrifugal flotation in sugar solution. Using morphological and morphometric features, we described a new species of Cystoisospora Frenkel, 1977. Sporulated oöcysts were ovoidal 20.0-29.1 × 16.4-23.2 (26.7 × 21.2) µm and contained two sporocysts, 12.9-19.1 × 9.4-13.9 (16.4 × 12.4) µm, each with four banana-shaped sporozoites. Polar granule and oöcyst residuum were both absent. We documented the developmental forms in the small intestine and described the histopathological lesions in the enteric tract. Our results indicate that the prevalence of Cystoisospora mamorae n. sp. in O. mamorae is low, and tissue damage in the enteric tract is mild, even in the presence of coccidian developmental stages.

Canine oral osteocartilaginous malignant amelanotic melanoma with pulmonary metastasis

Background: Melanomas are typically malignant neoplasms commonly observed in the oral cavity of dogs. The classical presentation of melanomas with characteristic melanin pigmentation is easy to diagnose; however, in some cases, the lack of melanin production in the amelanotic oral tumors cause a delay in establishing the precocious diagnosis and consequent treatment. The aim of this report was to evaluate the histopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of an oral amelanotic melanoma with osteocartilaginous formation and metastasis in a dog, in a temporal way.Case: A 10-year-old male German Shepherd dog, presenting mouth bleeding with an amelanotic melanoma located between the upper incisors was received at the Veterinary Hospital of the Catholic University Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. The animal was clinically evaluated and radiography was performed. The tumor was surgically removed and a sample was collected for histopathological examination that revealed spindloid and some epithelioid morphological cell types surrounded by a fibromatous matrix with moderate amounts of fibrovascular stroma. Approximately 1 month after surgical removal, recovery of the tumor was observed, and a second clinical analysis and collection of sample were performed. These procedures were repeated three times showing the same histopathological characteristics added by myxoid, chondroid, fibromatous tissue, and small groups of chondrocytes as well as central areas of irregular mineralized spicules. X-ray examination revealed proliferative and lytic bone infiltration in the jaw. Immunohistochemical analysis for melanocytic differentiation markers was performed showing positivity to Melan-A, tyrosinase and HMB-45 immunoreactivity, while no S100 reactivity was detected. After 11 months of the first biopsy, pleural effusion and radiopaque disseminated nodules of 1cm in the lungs were detected by X-ray. The animal died and necropsy was conducted.[...]

Canine oral osteocartilaginous malignant amelanotic melanoma with pulmonary metastasis

Background: Melanomas are typically malignant neoplasms commonly observed in the oral cavity of dogs. The classical presentation of melanomas with characteristic melanin pigmentation is easy to diagnose; however, in some cases, the lack of melanin production in the amelanotic oral tumors cause a delay in establishing the precocious diagnosis and consequent treatment. The aim of this report was to evaluate the histopathological and immunohistochemical aspects of an oral amelanotic melanoma with osteocartilaginous formation and metastasis in a dog, in a temporal way.Case: A 10-year-old male German Shepherd dog, presenting mouth bleeding with an amelanotic melanoma located between the upper incisors was received at the Veterinary Hospital of the Catholic University Dom Bosco (UCDB), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil. The animal was clinically evaluated and radiography was performed. The tumor was surgically removed and a sample was collected for histopathological examination that revealed spindloid and some epithelioid morphological cell types surrounded by a fibromatous matrix with moderate amounts of fibrovascular stroma. Approximately 1 month after surgical removal, recovery of the tumor was observed, and a second clinical analysis and collection of sample were performed. These procedures were repeated three times showing the same histopathological characteristics added by myxoid, chondroid, fibromatous tissue, and small groups of chondrocytes as well as central areas of irregular mineralized spicules. X-ray examination revealed proliferative and lytic bone infiltration in the jaw. Immunohistochemical analysis for melanocytic differentiation markers was performed showing positivity to Melan-A, tyrosinase and HMB-45 immunoreactivity, while no S100 reactivity was detected. After 11 months of the first biopsy, pleural effusion and radiopaque disseminated nodules of 1cm in the lungs were detected by X-ray. The animal died and necropsy was conducted.[...](AU)

New species of Eimeria (Apicomplexa: Eimeriidae) from Thrichomys fosteri and Clyomys laticeps (Rodentia: Echimyidae) of the Brazilian Pantanal.

The echimyid rodents Thrichomys fosteri and Clyomys laticeps are among the most commonly recorded small mammals in the Pantanal wetland of Brazil. These species play important ecological roles since they are the basis of the food chain of some predators and are parasitized by some pathogens. Knowledge of the eimerians that parasitize echimyid rodents in Brazil is absent, and only one report is available for South America. We therefore investigated parasitism by coccidians in the echimyids T. fosteri and C. laticeps in the Pantanal. Using morphological and morphometric features and associated statistical analyses, we describe five new eimerian species parasitizing T. fosteri (Eimeria nhecolandensis n. sp., Eimeria jansenae n. sp., and Eimeria fosteri n. sp.) and C. laticeps (E. nhecolandensis n. sp., Eimeria corumbaensis n. sp., and Eimeria laticeps n. sp.) in different types of infection associations. We document the developmental forms in the tissues, and describe lesions in the enteric tract of some infected animals. We also discuss some approaches regarding epidemiological and ecological data. Our results demonstrate that echimyid rodents in the Brazilian Pantanal are important hosts for the maintenance of enteric coccidia. Moreover, in some circumstances, this parasitism may threaten the health of the hosts.

Pathological features of bovine pericardium implanted into mice abdominal wall after preservation with glutaraldehyde or glycerin / Aspectos patológicos do implante de pericárdio bovino tratado pelo glutaraldeído e pela glicerina em parede abdominal de camundongos

Background: Lately, the use of biological materials has been widely indicated in surgical procedures to restore structure and function of injured tissues. Bioimplants require different conservation techniques; among these, glutaraldehyde preservation stands out owing to its higher antimicrobial efficiency as compared to glycerin. In view of the need to determine a concentration of glutaraldehyde that can act as a biocide but do not cause undesirable tissue reactions, this study aimed to identify and quantify gross and microscopic tissue alterations after implantation of bovine pericardium, which was preserved in various concentrations of glutaraldehyde, in the abdominal wall of mice. Materials, Methods & Results: Fresh pericardia from 18 bovines were fractioned into 1cm2 samples and treated with a 98% glycerin solution for 30 days (control group), or 0.625%, 1%, and 1.5% glutaraldehyde solution for 18 days (experimental groups). An abdominal muscle fragment was excised from each mouse, and a 1-cm2 fragment of preserved pericardium was implanted in the area. Sixty mice (n = 15 per treatment) divided into groups were observed for 7, 14, and 30 days, and five animals from each group were euthanized at each time point for gross and microscopic examination. Fragments of the implants and adjacent skin lesions were harvested, fixed in formalin, and processed for routine histology [...]

Pathological features of bovine pericardium implanted into mice abdominal wall after preservation with glutaraldehyde or glycerin / Aspectos patológicos do implante de pericárdio bovino tratado pelo glutaraldeído e pela glicerina em parede abdominal de camundongos

Background: Lately, the use of biological materials has been widely indicated in surgical procedures to restore structure and function of injured tissues. Bioimplants require different conservation techniques; among these, glutaraldehyde preservation stands out owing to its higher antimicrobial efficiency as compared to glycerin. In view of the need to determine a concentration of glutaraldehyde that can act as a biocide but do not cause undesirable tissue reactions, this study aimed to identify and quantify gross and microscopic tissue alterations after implantation of bovine pericardium, which was preserved in various concentrations of glutaraldehyde, in the abdominal wall of mice. Materials, Methods & Results: Fresh pericardia from 18 bovines were fractioned into 1cm2 samples and treated with a 98% glycerin solution for 30 days (control group), or 0.625%, 1%, and 1.5% glutaraldehyde solution for 18 days (experimental groups). An abdominal muscle fragment was excised from each mouse, and a 1-cm2 fragment of preserved pericardium was implanted in the area. Sixty mice (n = 15 per treatment) divided into groups were observed for 7, 14, and 30 days, and five animals from each group were euthanized at each time point for gross and microscopic examination. Fragments of the implants and adjacent skin lesions were harvested, fixed in formalin, and processed for routine histology [...](AU)

Mortalidade de tambacus (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus) infectados por Edwardsiella tarda / Mortality of tambacus (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus) infected by Edwardsiella tarda

O presente trabalho relata um surto de mortalidade de tambacus (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus) criados em tanques escavados da Fazenda-Escola da UCDB. Os peixes apresentaram sintomas clínicos de letargia, anorexia, aumento da produção de muco, nado desordenado e comportamento de buscar a superfície da água. Ao exame necroscópico de três peixes foram evidenciadas hemorragias nas nadadeiras e pele, opacidade de córnea, hemoperitôneo, distensão e repleção da vesícula biliar e congestão e hemorragia do tubo digestivo. O exame microbiológico dos materiais coletados das lesões dos tambacus foi positivo para a bactéria Edwardsiella tarda. A análise de qualidade de água indicou grande quantidade de fitoplânctons que proliferaram em função do excesso de matéria orgânica, caracterizando a eutrofização da água. Atribuiu-se a causa da morte dos tambacus à infecção oportunista pela E. tarda, favorecida pelo desequilíbrio devido ao excesso de matéria orgânica em suspensão na água. As mortes cessaram após a correção dos parâmetros da qualidade da água do tanque.

An outbreak of mortality of tambacus (Colossoma macropomum x Piaractus mesopotamicus) cultivated in dug tanks at UCDB was reported. Animals had clinical surface symptoms of lethargy, anorexia, increased mucus production, cluttering and swimming toward the water. Macroscopic examination of three fishes showed hemorrhages of the fins and skin, corneal opacity, hemoperitoneum, gallbladder distension and repletion, congestion and hemorrhages of the digestive tract. Water quality analysis indicated large amounts of phytoplankton that proliferated as a result of the excessive organic matter causing eutrophication of the water. The microbiological examination of tambacus lesions revealed the presence of the bacterium Edwardsiella tarda. The cause of the tambacus death was attributed to opportunistic infection by E. tarda, favored by the imbalance due to the intense organic matter in suspended in the water. Deaths stopped after the correction of the water quality parameters.