Technology transfer for COVID-19 vaccine in the Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals (Bio-Manguinhos), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation. / Transferência de tecnologia para vacina contra COVID-19 no Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz.

Innovation is an essential element for development and growth, but it consists of a long process of knowledge accumulation, so technology transfer is used to accelerate this process. This study mapped the particularities of the technology transfer process for the COVID-19 vaccine between AstraZeneca and the Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals (Bio-Manguinhos), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, and identified enablers, obstacles, and gaps. Our analysis investigated the process from selection of the most suitable partner to incorporation of the new technology based on a comprehensive literature review on this topic, combined with a case study. The results showed that, although many actions still have to be performed to maximize technology capacity gains, the lessons learned from the technology transfer process will be used in future and ongoing agreements.

A inovação é um elemento fundamental para o desenvolvimento e crescimento, mas constituída por um processo demorado de acúmulo de conhecimento. Uma das formas de acelerar tal processo é por meio da transferência de tecnologia. Este artigo mapeou as particularidades da transferência de tecnologia para a vacina contra COVID-19, celebrado entre a AstraZeneca e o Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, bem como reconheceu os seus facilitadores, seus entraves e suas lacunas. Para tanto, foi realizada uma análise desde a etapa da seleção do parceiro mais adequado até a incorporação da nova tecnologia. A metodologia utilizada se baseou em uma ampla revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, aliada ao estudo de caso. Os resultados apontaram que, apesar de muitas ações ainda precisarem ser realizadas para que os ganhos de capacidade tecnológica sejam potencializados, as lições aprendidas com o processo de transferência de tecnologia servirão de aprendizado e serão utilizadas nos acordos futuros e em andamento.

La innovación es un elemento fundamental para el desarrollo y el crecimiento, pero consiste en un proceso de acumulación de conocimiento que requiere mucho tiempo. Una de las formas de acelerar este proceso es mediante la transferencia de tecnología. Este artículo mapeó las particularidades del proceso de transferencia de tecnología para la vacuna contra la COVID-19, celebrado entre AstraZeneca y el Instituto de Tecnología en Inmunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundación Oswaldo Cruz, además de reconocer los facilitadores, obstáculos y brechas. Para ello se realizó un análisis, desde la etapa de selección del socio más adecuado hasta la incorporación de la nueva tecnología. La metodología utilizada se basó en una amplia revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema, combinada con el estudio de caso. Los resultados mostraron que, si bien aún es necesario llevar a cabo muchas acciones para maximizar las ganancias de capacidad tecnológica, las lecciones aprendidas del proceso de transferencia de tecnología servirán como lecciones y se utilizarán en acuerdos futuros y en curso.

Transferência de tecnologia para vacina contra COVID-19 no Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Transferencia de tecnología para vacuna contra la COVID-19 en el Instituto de Tecnología en Inmunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundación Oswaldo Cruz / Technology transfer for COVID-19 vaccine in the Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals (Bio-Manguinhos), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation

Resumo: A inovação é um elemento fundamental para o desenvolvimento e crescimento, mas constituída por um processo demorado de acúmulo de conhecimento. Uma das formas de acelerar tal processo é por meio da transferência de tecnologia. Este artigo mapeou as particularidades da transferência de tecnologia para a vacina contra COVID-19, celebrado entre a AstraZeneca e o Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, bem como reconheceu os seus facilitadores, seus entraves e suas lacunas. Para tanto, foi realizada uma análise desde a etapa da seleção do parceiro mais adequado até a incorporação da nova tecnologia. A metodologia utilizada se baseou em uma ampla revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema, aliada ao estudo de caso. Os resultados apontaram que, apesar de muitas ações ainda precisarem ser realizadas para que os ganhos de capacidade tecnológica sejam potencializados, as lições aprendidas com o processo de transferência de tecnologia servirão de aprendizado e serão utilizadas nos acordos futuros e em andamento.

Resumen: La innovación es un elemento fundamental para el desarrollo y el crecimiento, pero consiste en un proceso de acumulación de conocimiento que requiere mucho tiempo. Una de las formas de acelerar este proceso es mediante la transferencia de tecnología. Este artículo mapeó las particularidades del proceso de transferencia de tecnología para la vacuna contra la COVID-19, celebrado entre AstraZeneca y el Instituto de Tecnología en Inmunobiológicos (Bio-Manguinhos), Fundación Oswaldo Cruz, además de reconocer los facilitadores, obstáculos y brechas. Para ello se realizó un análisis, desde la etapa de selección del socio más adecuado hasta la incorporación de la nueva tecnología. La metodología utilizada se basó en una amplia revisión bibliográfica sobre el tema, combinada con el estudio de caso. Los resultados mostraron que, si bien aún es necesario llevar a cabo muchas acciones para maximizar las ganancias de capacidad tecnológica, las lecciones aprendidas del proceso de transferencia de tecnología servirán como lecciones y se utilizarán en acuerdos futuros y en curso.

Abstract: Innovation is an essential element for development and growth, but it consists of a long process of knowledge accumulation, so technology transfer is used to accelerate this process. This study mapped the particularities of the technology transfer process for the COVID-19 vaccine between AstraZeneca and the Institute of Technology in Immunobiologicals (Bio-Manguinhos), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, and identified enablers, obstacles, and gaps. Our analysis investigated the process from selection of the most suitable partner to incorporation of the new technology based on a comprehensive literature review on this topic, combined with a case study. The results showed that, although many actions still have to be performed to maximize technology capacity gains, the lessons learned from the technology transfer process will be used in future and ongoing agreements.

HIV cure: global overview of bNAbs' patents and related scientific publications.

INTRODUCTION: This article provides a global overview of patent deposits for broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), which have emerged as a key strategy for HIV cure and future HIV vaccines. Scientific and technological barriers to the discovery of an effective HIV vaccine in the last 40 years have raised concerns on the potential for relevant advances in this area. Nevertheless, recent breakthrough studies have identified novel immune pathways for new innovative HIV vaccine and HIV cure strategies. AREAS COVERED: In our patent study, we have identified in a global scale, in the last decade, a sharp increase in the number of bNAbs' patent deposits related to HIV prevention and treatment strategies, reaching 90 bNAbs in 2017, protected by 184 different patent deposits. Refining our patent search to the different stages of bNAbs' development has also allowed us to identify 12 of them already at clinical stage of research (VRC01, 10E8, 3BNC117, 10-1074, 2G12, 2F5, KD-247, 4E10, PG9, PGDM1400, PGT121, and VRC07). We describe these recent breakthroughs and discuss the prospects and limitations of these novel strategies. EXPERT OPINION: Our results indicate the intellectual property outcomes of a scientific revolution in this field, expressing innovative modifications in antibodies to increase their potency and half-life, which have resulted in extremely potent antibodies that could provide novel preventive and therapeutic HIV strategies.

Análise da produção científica brasileira sobre nanotecnologia e saúde / /Analysis of brazilian scientific articles about nanotechnology and health / /Análisis de la producción científica brasileña acerca de nanotecnología y salud

No Brasil, desde o início dos anos 2000, há políticas públicas de incentivo à pesquisa dedicada à nanotecnologia. Este artigo apresenta estudo que visa investigar a produção científica brasileira em nanotecnologia e saúde, através da publicação de artigos científicos indexados na base de dados Webof Science, no período de 1995 a 2014. Através de análise bibliométrica e cientométrica, apoiada no uso do software VantagePoint, são identificados a evolução histórica da pesquisa no tema, as principais instituições brasileiras dedicadas ao objeto do estudo, a colaboração internacional e os temas de pesquisa pelos quais os autores brasileiros mais se interessam. Conclui-se que há um grande crescimento depublicações a partir do século XXI e uma diversificação de temas de pesquisa ao longo do período do estudo. As áreas de maior foco nas pesquisas mais recentes são farmacologia e farmácia, bioquímica, biologia molecular e cirurgia. Observa-se baixa internacionalização da pesquisa, com 30% dos artigos elaborados em colaboração com outros países.

Since the early 2000s, Brazil has had public policies designed to incentive research in nanotechnology. This article presents a study designed to investigate Brazilian scientific literature about nanotechnology and health by means of the publication of scientific articles indexed in the Web of Science database from 1995 to 2014. Using bibliometric and scientometric analysis and a data mining software, VantagePoint, the historical evolution of research was identified, as well as the leading Brazilian institutions dedicating to studies such as, the international collaborations involving Brazilian researchers, and the research themes that have attracted their attention. The number of publications is growing more and more since the beginning of the 21th century and covering a diversification of research areas. The areas in which most research has been done recently are pharmacology & pharmacy, biochemistry, molecular biology,and surgery. The internationalization of this area of research is relatively low: just 30% of the articles byBrazilian authors were coauthored by researchers from other countries.

En Brasil, desde principios de la década de 2000 existen políticas públicas para fomentar la investigación en nanotecnología. Este artículo presenta uno estudio que tiene como objetivo investigar la producción científica brasileña en la nanotecnología y la salud, a través de la publicación de artículos científicos indexados en la base de datos Web of Science, de 1995 a 2014. A través del análisis bibliométrica y cienciométrica, apoyada en el uso de software VantagePoint, se identifica evolución histórica de las investigaciones sobre el tema, las principales instituciones brasileñas dedicadas al estudio de la nanotecnología, la colaboración internacionaly los temas de investigación que más despiertan el interés de los autores brasileños. De ello se desprende que hay un fuerte crecimiento de las publicaciones a partir del siglo XXI y la diversificación de los temas de investigación a lo largo del período de estudio. Las áreas de mayor enfoque en la investigación más reciente son la farmacología y farmacia, bioquímica y la biología molecular y la cirugía. Se observa una baja internacionalización de la investigación, con 30% de los artículos escritos en colaboración con otros países.

Case study of patents related to captopril, Squibb's first blockbuster.

INTRODUCTION: Arterial hypertension affects over one billion people around the world, making the prevention and treatment of this disease vital. Despite the efforts made to develop new antihypertensive drugs, few new therapies have become available. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have heralded major steps forward in the treatment of arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases since the first compound of this class, captopril, was approved for clinical use in 1981. Areas covered: In this review, the authors investigated the patent documents that cite the priority patent for captopril, Squibb's first blockbuster, or any other patent from its patent family. The documents were classified into the following: new compounds, new compositions, treatment, process (preparation of a compound), use of a compound, and process for the preparation of an intermediate. Therefore, the readers can identify potential innovations in the field. Expert opinion: The pharmaceutical sector has attempted to provide significant technological developments on anti-hypertensive drugs based on the patenting of captopril, including the development of new compositions further comprising an ACE inhibitor and other antihypertensive agent, along with dual action compounds, novel molecules with dual activity. The target is to find a new agent with better blood pressure-lowering efficacy, improved safety and good tolerability profile.

Trends in nanotechnology patents applied to the health sector.

The aim of the article is to present a method for identifying trends in patent applications for nanotechnology applied to the health sector around the world, based on the International Patent Classification. This classification divides the sector into: dental care, drugs, diagnostic kits, and medical apparatus & medical care. The Derwent database was mined for patent documents using nanotechnology terms associated with the IPC subclasses from the health subsectors. The number of patents was found to be rising, led by the United States, particularly universities and R centers. In the dental care subsector, nanotechnology was found to be used in composite material for manufacturing dental appliances. In drugs, the focus is on the use of nanoparticulate compositions comprising agents that are useful for a variety of diseases. In diagnostic kits, nanostructures have been patented that are capable of detecting target analytes. Meanwhile, in medical apparatus & medical care, patent applications have been made for nanocapsules and/or nanocomposite materials inserted in devices and guide catheters. A study was also made of patents in Brazil, where the same assignees and the same country (United States) as in the survey of global patents were found to be the leading patent applicants / holders.