Self-reported bruxism in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder.

OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to investigate the association between self-reported awake/sleep bruxism, and orofacial pain with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). METHODS: A case-control study with a convenience sample was designed. Participants were recruited from a university-based Trauma Ambulatory. The diagnosis of PTSD was established through a clinical interview and the Structured Clinical Interview (SCID-I/P). Thirty-eight PTSD patients and 38 controls completed the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders Axis-II to categorize awake/sleep bruxism and orofacial pain. Following this, we performed a short clinical examination of the temporomandibular joint and extraoral muscles. RESULTS: Adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that awake bruxism was associated with PTSD (OR = 3.38, 95% CI = 1.01-11.27, p = 0.047). Sleep bruxism was not associated with any covariate included in the model. In a Poisson regression model, PTSD (IRR = 3.01, 95% CI = 1.38-6.55, p = 0.005) and the muscle pain/discomfort (IRR = 5.12, 95% CI = 2.80-9.36, p < 0.001) were significant predictors for current orofacial pain. CONCLUSIONS: PTSD was associated with self-reported awake bruxism and low-intensity orofacial pain. These conditions were frequent outcomes in patients previously exposed to traumatic events. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: We suggest including a two-question screening for bruxism in psychiatry/psychology interviews to improve under-identification and to prevent harmful consequences at the orofacial level.

Traumatic memory retrieval followed by electroconvulsive therapy as a treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder: A pilot study.

Delivering electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) during the reconsolidation of traumatic memories may enhance the treatment efficacy in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). To test this, 14 patients with severe and refractory PTSD were randomly allocated to receive ECT sessions either after retrieving the traumatic (n=8) or a neutral (n=6) memory. We found that delivering ECT after retrieving the traumatic memory enhanced the improvement of PTSD symptoms and the reduction of subjective reactivity to the traumatic memory. Reduction in anxiety and mood symptoms and physiological reactivity to the traumatic memory were observed in the sample as a whole regardless of memory retrieval.

A randomized clinical trial to assess the efficacy of trial-based cognitive therapy compared to prolonged exposure for post-traumatic stress disorder: preliminary findings.

BACKGROUND: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a prevalent mental health condition that is often associated with psychiatric comorbidities and changes in quality of life. Prolonged exposure therapy (PE) is considered the gold standard psychological treatment for PTSD, but treatment resistance and relapse rates are high. Trial-based cognitive therapy (TBCT) is an effective treatment for depression and social anxiety disorder, and its structure seems particularly promising for PTSD. Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy of TBCT compared to PE in patients with PTSD. METHODS: Ninety-five patients (77.6% females) who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision, criteria for PTSD were randomly assigned to receive either TBCT (n = 44) or PE (n = 51). Patients were evaluated before and after treatment, and at follow-up 3 months after treatment. The primary outcome was improvement in PTSD symptoms as assessed by the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS). Secondary outcomes were depression, anxiety, and dysfunctional attitudes assessed by the Beck Depression/Anxiety Inventories and Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale, as well as the dropout rate. RESULTS: A significant reduction in DTS scores was observed in both arms, but no significant difference between treatments. Regarding the secondary outcomes, we found significant differences in depressive symptoms in favor of TBCT, and the dropout rate was lower in the TBCT group than the PE group. CONCLUSION: Our preliminary results suggest that TBCT may be an effective alternative for treating PTSD. Further research is needed to better understand its role and the mechanisms of change in the treatment of this disorder.

Targeting the reconsolidation of traumatic memories with a brief 2-session imaginal exposure intervention in post-traumatic stress disorder.

BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that extinction during memory reconsolidation diminishes the return of defensive responses. In order to translate these effects to the clinical setting, we tested whether retrieving a traumatic memory and delivering a brief two-sessions imaginal exposure intervention during its reconsolidation would produce stronger decreases in reactivity to these memories than standard imaginal exposure method. METHODS: Participants with Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) had either their traumatic (n = 21) or a neutral (n = 21) memory retrieved 1 h before an imaginal exposure session for two consecutive days. One day before and one day after, participants were exposed to script-driven imagery of their traumatic event, during which skin conductance responses were measured and, immediately after, subjective responses were assessed by means of Visual Analogue Scales. RESULTS: Traumatic retrieval improved the physiological, but not the subjective effects of imaginal exposure intervention on over-reactivity to traumatic memories. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that delivering extinction-based treatments over the reconsolidation of traumatic memories may enhance its effects. These results suggest that this is a promising path toward the development of new therapeutic techniques.

Análise da produção científica brasileira sobre hanseníase identificada na base de dados web of science / Analysis of brazilian scientific production on leprosy identified on the web of science database

Este estudo analisou a bibliografia relacionada à hanseníase no Brasil, representada pela publicação de artigos científicos indexados na base de dados científica Web of Science, de 2000 a 2019. Por meio de análise bibliométrica, procurou-se delinear um panorama das produções científicas acerca do tema, identificando os autores, a evolução histórica do número de produções, as áreas de pesquisa que mais publicam, os tipos de artigos publicados e quais as agências financiadoras envolvidas nas publicações relacionadas ao tema. O corpus documental contou com 376 artigos completos, que demonstraram uma intensificação na produção de estudos sobre a hanseníase nos últimos anos, especialmente na área de Medicina Tropical, com predomínio de financiamento por agências brasileiras, e cuja maior fonte de publicações é uma revista científica internacional, dedicada ao estudo de doenças tropicais negligenciadas. Conclui-se que o interesse no estudo do tema se eleva com o passar dos anos, mas dentre as temáticas evidenciadas pela análise empreendida, as políticas públicas para controle e eliminação da doença, foram incipientes. Revela ainda a necessidade de maior aporte científico sobre a temática estimuladas por órgãos governamentais e que amplie as produções científicas por instituições de ensino e pesquisa, que possam alavancar reflexões direcionadas à implementação de diretrizes políticas efetivas para o controle e eliminação da doença.

This study analyzed the literature related to leprosy in Brazil, represented by the publication of scientific papers indexed in the Web of Science scientific database from 2000 to 2019. Through bibliometric analysis, the authors sought to delineate an overview of scientific productions on the topic, identifying the authors, the historical evolution of the number of productions, the areas of research that had most publications, the types of articles published and which funding agencies are involved in publications related to the topic. The documentary corpus consisted of 376 complete articles, which demonstrated an intensification in the production of studies on leprosy in recent years, especially in the area of Tropical Medicine, with a predominance of funding from Brazilian agencies, and whose largest source of publications is an international scientific journal dedicated to the study of neglected tropical diseases. It can be concluded that the interest in the study of the topic has increased over the years, but among the topics evidenced by the analysis undertaken, public policies for the control and elimination of the disease were incipient. It also reveals the need for greater scientific input on the topic stimulated by both government agencies and educational and research institutions, which can leverage reflections aimed at the implementation of effective political guidelines for the control and elimination of the disease.

A nova classificação americana para os transtornos mentais: o DMS-5 / The new American classification for mental disorders: DMS-5 / La nueva clasificación de América para los trastornos mentales: DMS-5

Algumas das principais mudanças introduzidas na nova classificação diagnóstica norte-americana são apresentadas de modo sintético à comunidade psicanalítica. Fruto de estudos de campo que investigaram a validade dos diagnósticos anteriores, possui vantagens, mas mostra as falhas que temos ainda no conhecimento dos transtornos mentais. Algumas das principais críticas também são apresentadas.(AU)

Some of the main changes introduced in the new North American diagnostic classification are presented in a synthetic way to the psychoanalytic community. Result of field studies that investigated the validity of previous diagnoses has advantages, but gaps in the present knowledge of mental disorders are still there. Some of the main criticisms are also presented.(AU)

Algunos de los principales cambios introducidos en la nueva clasificación diagnóstica de América del Norte se presentan de manera sintética a la comunidad psicoanalítica. El resultado de los estudios de campo que investigaron la validez de los diagnósticos anteriores tiene ventajas, pero demuestra que todavía tenemos lagunas en el conocimiento de los trastornos mentales. Se presentan también algunas de las principales críticas.(AU)

A nova classificação americana para os transtornos mentais: o DMS-5 / The new American classification for mental disorders: DMS-5 / La nueva clasificación de América para los trastornos mentales: DMS-5

Algumas das principais mudanças introduzidas na nova classificação diagnóstica norte-americana são apresentadas de modo sintético à comunidade psicanalítica. Fruto de estudos de campo que investigaram a validade dos diagnósticos anteriores, possui vantagens, mas mostra as falhas que temos ainda no conhecimento dos transtornos mentais. Algumas das principais críticas também são apresentadas...

Some of the main changes introduced in the new North American diagnostic classification are presented in a synthetic way to the psychoanalytic community. Result of field studies that investigated the validity of previous diagnoses has advantages, but gaps in the present knowledge of mental disorders are still there. Some of the main criticisms are also presented...

Algunos de los principales cambios introducidos en la nueva clasificación diagnóstica de América del Norte se presentan de manera sintética a la comunidad psicoanalítica. El resultado de los estudios de campo que investigaron la validez de los diagnósticos anteriores tiene ventajas, pero demuestra que todavía tenemos lagunas en el conocimiento de los trastornos mentales. Se presentan también algunas de las principales críticas...

Comparação da vida de prateleira do mel de abelhas Melipona fasciculata sem tratamento, pasteurizado e desumidificado / Comparison of shelf life of honey bees Melipona fasciculata untreated, pasteurized and dehumidified

O mel de abelhas Melipona fasciculata apresenta elevado teor de umidade, o que contribui para uma rápida deterioração do mel. O elevado teor de água presente no mel dessa espécie provoca uma maior ação da enzima glicose oxidase deixando o mel ácido. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de comparar o processo de pasteurização e desumidificação sobre o mel de abelhas Melípona fasciculata durante nove meses de estocagem. Foram utilizadas amostras de mel de abelhas Melípona fasciculata coletadas no município de São Cristóvão do Estado de Sergipe no mês de março de 2009. As análises físico-químicas foram realizadas antes do armazenamento do mel e a cada mês, durante os nove meses em que as amostras permaneceram armazenadas á temperatura ambiente na presença de luz. Os processos de pasteurização e de desumidificação demonstraram que são alternativas viáveis para aumentar a vida de prateleira do mel de abelhas Melípona fasciculata. O processo de desumidificação produziu uma menor acidez e um menor teor de hidroximetilfurfural após nove meses de armazenamento.

Comparação da vida de prateleira do mel de abelhas Melipona fasciculata sem tratamento, pasteurizado e desumidificado / Comparison of shelf life of honey bees Melipona fasciculata untreated, pasteurized and dehumidified

O mel de abelhas Melipona fasciculata apresenta elevado teor de umidade, o que contribui para uma rápida deterioração do mel. O elevado teor de água presente no mel dessa espécie provoca uma maior ação da enzima glicose oxidase deixando o mel ácido. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de comparar o processo de pasteurização e desumidificação sobre o mel de abelhas Melípona fasciculata durante nove meses de estocagem. Foram utilizadas amostras de mel de abelhas Melípona fasciculata coletadas no município de São Cristóvão do Estado de Sergipe no mês de março de 2009. As análises físico-químicas foram realizadas antes do armazenamento do mel e a cada mês, durante os nove meses em que as amostras permaneceram armazenadas á temperatura ambiente na presença de luz. Os processos de pasteurização e de desumidificação demonstraram que são alternativas viáveis para aumentar a vida de prateleira do mel de abelhas Melípona fasciculata. O processo de desumidificação produziu uma menor acidez e um menor teor de hidroximetilfurfural após nove meses de armazenamento.(AU)

The Melipona fasciculata honeybee has a high moisture content whichcontributes to its rapid deterioration.The high water content presented canincreased glucose oxidase activitymaking the honey acid. This study wasconducted to compare pasteurizationand dehumidification process appliedto Melipona fasciculata honey bee duringnine months of storage. Samples ofMelipona fasciculate honey bee werecollected in São Cristóvão city, SergipeState, in March 2009. Honey was collectedin accordance with good handlingpractices and divided into three parts(one part was not subjected any preservationprocess and the two remainingparts were subjected to pasteurization ordesumifdification). The flowing physicaland chemical analyses were analysedmonthy: pH, moisture, acidity, freeacidity, lactone, total acidity, reducingsugars, sucrose, HMF, total solids andash. The physical and chemical analysiswere performed before the storage ofhoney and every month during the ninemonths where the flasks were stored atroom temperature. Pasteurization anddehumidification process revealed a tobe viable alternative to increase the shelflife of Melipona fasciculate honey. Thedehumidification process gave betterresults, because lower acidity and lowerHMF content after nine months ofstorage were determined. (AU)

Avaliação microbiológica e sensorial de méis de abelhas Apis mellifera (africanizadas) e Melipona fasciculata (uruçu cinzenta) in natura e pasteurizado / Microbiological and sensory evaluation of honey bee Apis mellifera (Africanized) and Melipona fasciculata (uruçu gray) in natura and pasteurized

O mel é considerado um produto estável no sentido que não se deteriora pelas bactérias e fungos normalmente responsáveis pela deterioração dos alimentos. Os produtos que contêm mel, entretanto, são alvos preferidos para tais organismos e exigem, conseqüentemente, pasteurização ou adição de produtos químicos. O sabor do mel, excetuando-se a doçura, está relacionado com o aroma que depende de quantidades diminutas de substâncias complexas, derivadas das fontes florais. Atualmente a análise sensorial é uma alternativa rápida, econômica e prática de se obter informações sobre a qualidade do produto. O trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as características microbiológicas e sensoriais de méis de abelhas Apis mellifera (africanizadas) e Melípona fasciculata (uruçu cinzenta) in natura e pasteurizado armazenados por nove meses. Após o período de estocagem, os méis de A. mellifera e M. fasciculata in natura e pasteurizado não apresentaram contaminação microbiológica. A análise sensorial mostrou que a menor aceitação foi pelo mel de M. fasciculata in natura (61 por cento), apresentando diferença significativa quando comparado com mel de A. mellifera in natura (76 por cento). Tal fato pode estar relacionado à falta de costume, pelos provadores, por méis muito ácidos e menos viscosos, ficando a preferência pelo mel de A. mellifera in natura, por seu sabor adocicado e viscosidade elevada.

Avaliação microbiológica e sensorial de méis de abelhas Apis mellifera (africanizadas) e Melipona fasciculata (uruçu cinzenta) in natura e pasteurizado / Microbiological and sensory evaluation of honey bee Apis mellifera (Africanized) and Melipona fasciculata (uruçu gray) in natura and pasteurized

O mel é considerado um produto estável no sentido que não se deteriora pelas bactérias e fungos normalmente responsáveis pela deterioração dos alimentos. Os produtos que contêm mel, entretanto, são alvos preferidos para tais organismos e exigem, conseqüentemente, pasteurização ou adição de produtos químicos. O sabor do mel, excetuando-se a doçura, está relacionado com o aroma que depende de quantidades diminutas de substâncias complexas, derivadas das fontes florais. Atualmente a análise sensorial é uma alternativa rápida, econômica e prática de se obter informações sobre a qualidade do produto. O trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as características microbiológicas e sensoriais de méis de abelhas Apis mellifera (africanizadas) e Melípona fasciculata (uruçu cinzenta) in natura e pasteurizado armazenados por nove meses. Após o período de estocagem, os méis de A. mellifera e M. fasciculata in natura e pasteurizado não apresentaram contaminação microbiológica. A análise sensorial mostrou que a menor aceitação foi pelo mel de M. fasciculata in natura (61 por cento), apresentando diferença significativa quando comparado com mel de A. mellifera in natura (76 por cento). Tal fato pode estar relacionado à falta de costume, pelos provadores, por méis muito ácidos e menos viscosos, ficando a preferência pelo mel de A. mellifera in natura, por seu sabor adocicado e viscosidade elevada.(AU)

Honey is considered a stable product since it does not deteriorate by bacteria and fungi that normally cause food deterioration. Otherwise, food products containing honey in their composition are easily deteriorated by microorganisms, so they require a pasteurization process or addition of chemical compounds in order to preserve them. Honey taste, except for the sweetness, is related to its flavor which depends on a few complex compoundsfound in flower sources. The objective of this work is to evaluate the honey microbiological and sensorial characterizations of Apis mellifera and Melipona fasciculata bees in natura being pasteurized and stored for a period of nine months. After this storage period, both honeys did not present microbiological contamination. Sensorial analysis resulted that M. fasciculata in natura honey was not so well received (6/%), showing a significantdifference when compared to A. mellifera in natura (76%). This could be explained by the fact that the tasters were not used to more acid and less viscous honey. A. mellifera in natura is sweeter and presented a high viscosity, resulting in better received sensorial analysis. (AU)

Manifestação de hemangioendotelioma hepático em adulto / Hepatic hemangioendothelioma in adult

Hepatic hemangioendothelioma is the most frequent hepatic tumor in infancy, but rarely detected in adults. This tumor can cause vascular lesions that can act as arteriovenous fistulas and produce life-threatening high output congestive heart failure with respiratory compromise. We report a case of a 35 years-old woman who developed nausea, vomiting, weight lost and abdominal mass in which the pathological examination of the hepatic lesion showed a infantile hepatic hamangioendothelioma. This is the third case in adult patients described in the literature.

A technique for mycelial development of ectomycorrhizal fungi on agar media.

A technique was established to study ectomycorrhizal fungi on agar media. Petri dishes, 60 mm in diameter, containing 10 mL of culture medium covered with a cellophane disk were used for easy collection of the mycelium after growth. For analysis of fungal biomass production, a sterilized cellophane sheet was placed on the medium's surface. Inoculation was achieved by placing a mycelial block onto the center of the cellophane sheet and then incubating at 25 degrees C in the dark. Colony radial growth was measured and biomass dry wt was determined. Fresh mycelia were homogenized with 10 mL of acetate buffer (pH 5.5) for enzyme analysis. A crude extract was obtained by adding all culture medium to 90 mL of distilled water and homogenizing in a Potter. Reducing sugars, enzyme concentration, and pH were determined. Three fungal strains, Suillus collinitus, Pisosithus arrhizus, and Hebeloma cylindrosporum, were grown in different culture media (potato dextrose agar or Pintro's medium). Parameters measured over time included glucose concentration, phosphatase activity, biomass, and pH.

Production of coconut aroma by fungi cultivation in solid-state fermentation.

The production of 6-pentyl-alpha-pyrone (6-PP), an unsaturated D-lactone with a strong coconut-like aroma was studied and compared with liquid and solid substrates. A fungi strain that produces coconut aroma compound was selected. The liquid medium of the submerged culture was used to impregnate a solid support of sugarcane bagasse in SSF (Solid State Fermentation). This substrate was adequate for growth and aroma production; the concentration obtained using SSF was higher than using liquid fermentation process. In the present work, it is demonstrated that, by solid-state-fermentation process, it is possible to produce 6-PP. The amount of 6-PP produced using a solid state substrate, following a 5 d culture, was 3 mg/g dry matter. Therefore, the amount of 6-PP produced during solid-state-fermentation process is higher than that reported in literature for submerged process.

The influence of vegetable oils on biosurfactant production by Serratia marcescens.

The production of biosurfactant, a surface-active compound, by two Serratia marcescensstrains was tested on minimal culture medium supplemented with vegetable oils, considering that it is well known that these compounds stimulate biosurfactant production. The vegetable oils tested included soybean, olive, castor, sunflower, and coconut fat. The results showed a decrease in surface tension of the culture medium without oil from 64.54 to 29.57, with a critical micelle dilution (CMD(-1)) and CMD(-2) of 41.77 and 68.92 mN/m, respectively. Sunflower oil gave the best results (29.75 mN/m) with a CMD(-1) and CMD-2 of 36.69 and 51.41 mN/m, respectively. Sunflower oil contains about 60% of linoleic acid. The addition of linoleic acid decreased the surface tension from 53.70 to 28.39, with a CMD(-1) of 29.72 and CMD(-2) of 37.97, suggesting that this fatty acid stimulates the biosurfactant production by the LB006 strain. In addition, the crude precipitate surfactant reduced the surface tension of water from 72.00 to 28.70 mN/m. These results suggest that the sunflower oil's linoleic acid was responsible for the increase in biosurfactant production by the LB006 strain.