Gabapentin attenuates neuropathic pain and improves nerve myelination after chronic sciatic constriction in rats.

Gabapentin (GBP) is an anti-convulsive drug often used as analgesic to control neuropathic pain. This study aimed at evaluating oral GBP treatment (30, 60, 120 mg/kg, 60 min prior to chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve (CCSN) along 15-day treatment post-injury, 12 h/12 h) by monitoring spontaneous and induced-pain behaviors in Wistar rats on 5th and 15th days post-injury during early neuropathic events. CCSN animals receiving saline were used as controls. Another aim of this study was to evaluate GBP effects on myelin basic protein (MBP) on the 5th and 15th days post-injury and nerve morphology by transmission electron microscopy to address nerve regeneration. On the 5th and 15th days, GBP (60 mg/kg) reduced neuropathic pain behaviors (scratching and biting) in the ipsilateral paw and alleviated mechanical allodynia in comparison with the neuropathic saline group. GBP significantly increased climbing and rearing behaviors in CCSN and CCSN-free animals suggesting increased motor activity rather than sedation. We found three-fold significant increase in MBP expression by western blots on the 15th day when compared to controls. In addition, GPB (60 mg/kg) improved nerve axonal, fiber and myelin area 15 days post-surgery. In conclusion, GBP alleviated mechanical and thermal allodynia and spontaneous pain-related behaviors and improved later nerve morphology. Our findings suggest that GBP improve nerve remyelination after chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve.

Oral gabapentin treatment accentuates nerve and peripheral inflammatory responses following experimental nerve constriction in Wistar rats.

Gabapentin (GBP) is an anti-convulsive drug often used as analgesic to control neuropathic pain. This study aimed at evaluating whether oral GBP treatment could improve nerve inflammation response after sciatic nerve constriction in association with selected pain and motor spontaneous behavior assessments in Wistar rats. We evaluated nerve myeloperoxidase (MPO) and inflammatory cytokines on the 5th day post-injury, time in which nerve inflammation is ongoing. In addition, the role of GBP on carrageenan-induced paw edema and peritoneal cell migration was analyzed. GBP was given by gavage at doses of 30, 60 and 120mg/kg, 60min prior to chronic constriction of the sciatic nerve (CCSN) and during 5 days post-injury, 12/12h. CCSN animals treated with saline were used as controls and for behavioral and inflammation assessments untreated sham-operated rats were also used. On the 5th day, GBP (60 and 120mg/kg) alleviated heat-induced hyperalgesia and significantly increased delta walking scores in CCSN animals, the latter suggesting excitatory effects rather than sedation. GBP (60mg/kg) significantly increased nerve MPO, TNF-α, and IL-1ß levels, comparing with the saline group. GBP (120mg/kg) reduced the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 nerve levels compared with the CCSN saline group. Furthermore, GBP (60 and 120mg/kg) increased carrageenan-induced paw edema and peritoneal macrophage migration compared with the CCSN saline group. Altogether our findings suggest that GBP accentuates nerve and peripheral inflammatory response, however confirmed its analgesic effect likely due to an independent CNS-mediated mechanism, and raise some concerns about potential GBP inflammatory side effects in widespread clinical use.

Modalidades de la Prueba del Tubo Germinal / Modalities of the Germ Tube Test

Las infecciones por levaduras del género Candida, en la actualidad son cada vez más frecuentes, particularmente cuando se presentan condiciones que inmunosuprimen al paciente, como el Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida y el uso de quimioterápicos e inmunomoduladores, entre otros. Candida albicans es la especie del género que se aísla con mayor frecuencia. Entre las pruebas de identificación para las especies de levaduras del género Candida se encuentran la evaluación de las características macroscópicas de las colonias, pruebas físiológicas, como la prueba del tubo germinal, termotolerancia, auxanograma, zimograma, ureasa y resistencia a la cicloheximida, entre otras. De estas, la prueba del tubo germinal es una prueba sencilla y rápida que puede ejecutarse de varias formas. De manera tradicional se ha realizado en tubo y con suero, aunque también se puede realizar en placa. En este trabajo se revisan las diversas formas de realizar esta prueba y se describe una modalidad adicional, producto de la experiencia diaria en el trabajo de laboratorio, con la ventaja del ahorro de material de vidrio y tiempo.

At the present time, the infections by yeasts of the genera Candida, are more and more frequent, particularly when exists inmunosuprimen conditions, like the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, the use of quimioterapics and inmunomodulators, among others. Candida albicans is the species most frequently isolated from clinical samples. Among the identification tests of the yeasts species of the genera Candida are the evaluation of colony characteristics, physiological and biochemical tests like the germ tube, termotolerancy, auxonogram, zimogram, urease, resistance to cicloheximide, among others. The germ tube test is a simple and fast test, of which several forms exist to carry out it. The traditional way has been made in tube, with serum, although it´s possible to be made in plate. Here we present the modality to directly make the test of the germ tube between slide and slide cover, with advantage of time saving and glass material saving.

Avaliação dos custos referentes ao reprocessamento dos campos cirúrgicos simples feitos de 100 por cento de algodão e aos campos descartáveis (não-tecido) / Evaluation of the referring costs to the reprocessed surgical drapes 100 per cent raw cotton and the single use drapes (nonwovens)

Esta pesquisa foi realizada no Centro Cirúrgico do Instituto Central do Hospital das Clínicas de São paulo e teve, como objetivo, avaliar a importância dos custos referentes ao reprocessamento dos campos cirúrgicos simples, feitos de tecido 100 por cento de algodão cru, e os da aquisição dos campos descartáveis. Para os cálculos, coletamos informações relativas às despesas de mão-de-obra, materiais, equipamentos, extravio de campos e serviços terceirizados que participam do custo final do reprocessamento de 24 pacotes de LAP. A quantia gasta para reprocessar um pacote de LAP foi de R$17,60, ao passo que o preço de aquisição de um pacote de campos descartáveis foi de R$56,00. Para comprarmos os dois valores, partimos da premissa de que o hospital utilizava um pacote de LAP (seis campos simples e um duplo) em cada cirurgia e quatro porções de LAPs a cada 24 horas, levando em conta um movimento cirúrgico de 70 operações diárias. ...