Unexpected Neoplasms in Lungs Explanted From Lung Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center Experience and Review of Literature.

INTRODUCTION: Lung transplantation is a common treatment for various indications, but undiagnosed neoplasms are found in 0.5% to 2.4% of explanted lungs. We report the largest single-institution series of patients with unexpected neoplasms in explanted lungs and compare rates of undiagnosed malignancies before and after the 2005 Lung Allocation Score (LAS) update. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of patients who underwent lung transplantation at the Cleveland Clinic from 1990 to 2014. In cases of neoplasm discovered on explant, tumor type, pathological stage, recurrence, and date of death were recorded. RESULTS: From January 1, 1990 to June 30, 2014, 1303 patients underwent lung transplantation at the Cleveland Clinic. The overall mean smoking history was 35 pack-years, and 25 undiagnosed lung malignancies were found upon explant in 24 transplant recipients (1.84%). In the post-LAS era (ie, 2005 onward), 20/812 lung transplant recipients had 21 incidental neoplasms in their explanted lungs (2.5%). Seventeen of these 25 tumors occurred in patients with interstitial lung disease; 8 occurred in patients with centrilobular emphysema. Eight tumors recurred (6 in patients with interstitial lung disease and 2 in patients with emphysema). The most common histological tumor types were adenocarcinomas (n = 14) and squamous cell carcinomas (n = 7). CONCLUSIONS: Unexpected neoplasms were found in 1.84% of lung transplant recipients' explanted lungs, with a slightly higher incidence (2.46%) in the post-LAS era. Neoplasms were more common in patients with interstitial lung diseases than in patients with centrilobular emphysema. Explanted lungs should be pathologically examined for evidence of tumor foci because this can impact post-transplantation management.

Nodular pulmonary light chain deposition disease: an entity associated with Sjögren syndrome or marginal zone lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: Light chain deposition disease (LCDD) is usually a systemic disorder characterised by non-amyloid monoclonal immunoglobulin light chain deposition in tissues. Localised nodular pulmonary (NP) LCDD is a rare and poorly characterised entity and, owing to the difficulties in diagnosis, limited data are available. METHODS: We investigated the clinical, radiological and pathological characteristics of a series of six confidently diagnosed cases of NPLCDD. RESULTS: There were three men and three women with ages ranging from 33 to 74 years. In all cases there were single or multiple pulmonary nodules, in one case associated with cysts. Two patients had no previous history of a lymphoproliferative or autoimmune disorder, two had Sjögren syndrome (SS) and two had extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma). Lung biopsies led to diagnoses of MALT lymphoma in four patients, including both of those with a previous history of lymphoma and one with SS. In five cases the diagnosis was confirmed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and in one by electron microscopy. There was no evidence of systemic LCDD in any of the cases. Five patients had an indolent course in spite of limited therapeutic intervention while, in the patient who died, the cause of death was related to the spread of the lymphoma and was not due to the pulmonary lesions. CONCLUSIONS: NPLCDD is an indolent disease, in most cases associated with MALT lymphoma or autoimmune disease.

Mycobacterium llatzerense lung infection in a liver transplant recipient: case report and review of the literature.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria are increasingly encountered pathogens in organ transplant recipients. We report the first case of human disease attributed to Mycobacterium llatzerense that occurred in a liver transplant recipient in the midwestern United States who developed pneumonia and describe the treatment of this patient.

Masas de tumores testiculares del síndrome adrenogenital: presentación de un caso / Testicular masses of adrenogenital syndrome: report of a case

Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 19 años de edad que consultó por tumefacción testicular bilateral. El estudio ecográfico reveló formaciones nodulares sólidas, bilaterales. Se efectuó una orquiectomía bilateral. Macroscópicamente se observaron sendas formaciones tumorales de 4,8 y 4 cm de diámetro, sólidas de color marrón claro y bordes lobulados que reemplazaban casi totalmente el parénquima testicular. Se observaban, además pequeños nódulos a nivel del epidímo. Histológicamente las masas testiculares estaban constituídas por células de citoplasma amplio, granular, eosinófilo, con pigmento lipofucsínico intracitoplasmático y ausencia de cristaloides de Reinke con un grado variable de fibrosis interpuesta entre las mismas. Los hallazgos observados correspondían a las masas tumorales del síndrome adrenogenital el que fue confirmado por los datos clínicos y de laboratorio del paciente. El diágnostico de esta rara entidad permite un tratamiento adecuado. Desde el punto de vista morfológico en ausencia de datos clínicos, como en nuestro caso, es necesario hacer el diágnostico diferencial, con tumores de células de Leydig

Masas de tumores testiculares del síndrome adrenogenital: presentación de un caso / Testicular masses of adrenogenital syndrome: report of a case

Se presenta el caso de un paciente masculino de 19 años de edad que consultó por tumefacción testicular bilateral. El estudio ecográfico reveló formaciones nodulares sólidas, bilaterales. Se efectuó una orquiectomía bilateral. Macroscópicamente se observaron sendas formaciones tumorales de 4,8 y 4 cm de diámetro, sólidas de color marrón claro y bordes lobulados que reemplazaban casi totalmente el parénquima testicular. Se observaban, además pequeños nódulos a nivel del epidímo. Histológicamente las masas testiculares estaban constituídas por células de citoplasma amplio, granular, eosinófilo, con pigmento lipofucsínico intracitoplasmático y ausencia de cristaloides de Reinke con un grado variable de fibrosis interpuesta entre las mismas. Los hallazgos observados correspondían a las masas tumorales del síndrome adrenogenital el que fue confirmado por los datos clínicos y de laboratorio del paciente. El diágnostico de esta rara entidad permite un tratamiento adecuado. Desde el punto de vista morfológico en ausencia de datos clínicos, como en nuestro caso, es necesario hacer el diágnostico diferencial, con tumores de células de Leydig(AU)