Protective effect of grape or apple juices in bone tissue of rats exposed to cadmium: role of RUNX-2 and RANK/L expression.

The aim of this study was to investigate if grape or apple juices are able to protect bone tissue of rats exposed to cadmium. For this purpose, histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry for RUNX-2 and RANK-L were investigated in this setting. A total of 20 adult Wistar rats were distributed into four groups (n = 5), as follows: control group, cadmium group, cadmium and grape juice group, and Cadmium and apple juice group. Control group received a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) water injection. Cadmium group received a single i.p. injection of cadmium chloride (1.2 mg/kg body weight) diluted in water. Cadmium and grape juice and cadmium and apple juice groups received a single i.p. injection of cadmium chloride (1.2 mg/kg body), and after 15 days, the rats were treated with grape or apple juices for 15 days, by gavage. All animals were euthanized 30 days after the beginning of experiment. Histopathological analysis in rat femur revealed extensive bone loss in rats intoxicated with cadmium. Grape or apple juices were able to increase bone formation. Cadmium inhibited RUNX-2 immunoexpression whereas cadmium increased RANK-L immunoexpression in rat bone cells. Grape or apple juices increased RUNX-2 and decreased RANK-L immunoexpression after cadmium intoxication. Taken together, our results demonstrate that grape or apple juices are able to exert therapeutic activity following cadmium intoxication in rat bone tissue as result of stimulatory effect of bone formation by RUNX-2 upregulation and RANK-L downregulation.

Comparação dos lasers diodo 904 nm e 670 nm na viabilidade do retalho cutâneo randômico isquêmico em ratos / Comparison of the 904 nm and 670 nm diode lasers in the viability of random skin flap

O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar a eficácia do laser diodo (904 nm) e do laser diodo (670 nm) na viabilidade do retalho cutâneo randômico em ratos. Este se constituiu de 36 ratos da linhagem Wistar, distribuídos ao acaso em 3 grupos de 12 animais cada. O retalho cutâneo randômico foi realizado com as medidas de 10 x 4 cm, com uma barreira plástica interposta entre o mesmo e o leito doador. O Grupo 1 (controle) foi submetido a uma simulação de tratamento de radiação. O Grupo 2 submeteu-se a radiação do laser diodo (904 nm). O Grupo 3 recebeu a radiação laser diodo (670 nm). Foi utilizada a técnica pontual com contato, em um ponto localizado a 2,5 cm da base cranial do retalho com densidade de energia de 16 J/cm2 imediatamente após a operação e nos 4 dias subseqüentes. As porcentagens da área de necrose de todos os grupos foram avaliadas no 7º dia pós-operatório com o método de Gabarito de papel. Obtivemos como resultado no Grupo 1 média de área de necrose de 48 %; o Grupo 2 - 37 % e o Grupo 3 - 27 %. Após a análise estatística, os resultados mostraram que os grupos experimentais obtiveram valores estatisticamente significativas em comparação ao grupo controle e que, o Grupo 3 apresentou uma menor área de necrose (p < 0,001). Concluímos que a radiação laser diodo foi eficaz no aumento da viabilidade do retalho cutâneo randômico em ratos sendo que a radiação laser diodo 670 nm (G3) foi a mais eficaz no aumento da viabilidade do retalho cutâneo randômico em ratos comparado ao grupo 1 e grupo 2.

The aim of this study was to compare the role of AsGa (904 nm) diode laser irradiation and GaAlAs (670 nm) diode laser irradiation in the viability of random skin flap in rats. Were used 36 Wistar rats, weighed and randomly divided in 3 groups with 12 rats in each group. The random skin flap was performed measuring of 10 x 4 cm, with a plastic sheet interposed between the flap and the donor site. The Group 1 (control) underwent sham irradiation. Group 2 was submitted to diode laser (AsGa) irradiation and Group 3 was submitted to diode laser (GaAlAs) irradiation. The laser irradiation was used with the punctual contact technique with target tissue on a point at 2,5 cm cranial from the fl ap base immediately after the surgery and for the four subsequent days, and the energy density was 16 J/cm2. The percentage of necrotic area of the three groups was calculated at the seventh postoperative day through a paper template method. Results: The Group 1 obtained the average necrotic area of 48%, the Group 2 - 37 % and the Group 3 - 27 %. After the ANOVA test, the results showed that all experimental groups obtained values statistically significant compared to the control group, and the group 3 was the best group compared all groups of this study (p < 0,001). Conclusion: The laser irradiation was efficient in increasing random skin fl ap viability in rats and the diode laser irradiation GaAlAs (group 3) was the most efficient in increasing random skin flap viability in rats compared to the group 1 and the group 2.