Online search interest in the use of antibiotics for dental pain: an infodemiology study / Interesse em pesquisas online sobre o uso de antibióticos para dor dentária: um estudo infodemiológico

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the online search interest pertaining to queries regarding antibiotics for dental pain. Material and Methods : Google Trends™ was used to identify the online search interest. Previously, a literature search was performed on the most frequently used antibiotics in dentistry in Brazil. Accordingly, the search terms used were Amoxicillin (AM), Clindamycin (CD), Azithromycin (AZ) and Metronidazole (MD), with the phrase "for toothache" in Portuguese and English. A time-series covered the last 240 weeks (from 2015 to 2020), and the results of each term were compared to their respective annual value. Geographic regions were also evaluated. To obtain a relative search volume (RSV), the resulting Google Trends™ numbers were then scaled to a range from 0 to 100 based on the ratio of searches on a topic to searches across all topics. Results : We observed an upward trend in all antibiotics search terms over the 5 years analyzed, with a peak of greater interest in 2019. The antibiotic of most interest related to toothache was 'AM', followed by 'AZ', 'MD', and 'CD'. The annual RSV of toothache searches rose steadily from 2015 to 2020. Variations were observed between Brazilian geographic regions, and the Northeast region presented with the greatest interest in the topic. Conclusion : Although there were variations in annual and regional trends, an expressive and persistent increase in collective interest regarding the use of antibiotics related to toothache, mainly amoxicillin, was observed. Our findings provide insights for public health promotion programs. (AU)

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o interesse da pesquisa online em consultas sobre antibióticos para dor de dente. Material e métodos : o Google Trends™ foi usado para identificar o interesse de pesquisa online. Anteriormente, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre os antibióticos mais utilizados em odontologia no Brasil. A partir daí, os termos de busca utilizados foram Amoxicilina (AM), Clindamicina (CD), Azitromicina (AZ) e Metronidazol (MD) com os termos "para dor de dente" em português e inglês. Uma série histórica abrangeu as últimas 240 semanas (abril de 2015 a abril de 2020), e os resultados de cada período foram comparados com seus respectivos valores anuais. Regiões geográficas também foram avaliadas. Os números resultantes do Google Trends ™ são dimensionados para um intervalo de 0 a 100 com base na proporção de um tópico para todas as pesquisas em todos os tópicos de busca. Isso é chamado de volume relativo de pesquisa (RSV). Resultados : Foi observada uma tendência crescente para todos os termos de antibióticos ao longo dos 5 anos analisados, com um pico de maior interesse em 2019. O antibiótico de maior interesse na dor de dente foi 'AM', seguido por 'AZ', 'MD' e 'CD'. O RSV anual das buscas de dor de dente cresceu continuamente de 2015 a 2020. Variações foram observadas entre as regiões geográficas brasileiras, sendo que a Região Nordeste apresentou o maior interesse pelo tema. Conclusão : Embora tenha havido variação nas tendências anuais e regionais, observou-se um aumento expressivo e persistente do interesse coletivo pelo uso de antibióticos relacionados à dor de dente, principalmente a amoxicilina. Nossas descobertas fornecem insights para programas de promoção pública.(AU)

Non-invasive and micro-invasive treatments to arrest active occlusal carious lesions in erupting permanent molars: A randomized clinical trial.

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of non-invasive and micro-invasive treatments on the arrest of occlusal enamel carious lesions in erupting permanent molars. This two-arm randomized clinical trial included 27 subjects, aged 5-11 years, with 64 erupting permanent molars presenting active occlusal enamel carious lesions (as assessed by the International Caries Detection and Assessment System [ICDAS]; scores 1-3). The sample was randomly assigned into two treatment groups: 1) resin-modified glass ionomer cement sealant (Clinpro XT Varnish; 3M ESPE) and 2) 4-week topical fluoride varnish application (Duraphat; Colgate). All children and parents received oral hygiene and dietary instructions. Teeth were evaluated at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months regarding the eruption stage, biofilm accumulation, as well as severity and activity of the carious lesions. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the survival estimates for inactivation of the carious lesions for both treatment groups. Multivariate Cox regression models with shared frailty were performed to identify factors associated with the outcome (p < 0.05). After 12 months, 22% and 3% of the lesions treated with topical fluoride varnish and sealant, respectively remained active. The adjusted model demonstrated that younger children had a higher probability of active enamel carious lesions arresting (hazard ratio [HR] 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22-0.78; p=0.01). However, the probability of active enamel carious lesions arresting after sealant application was 8.85 times higher compared with fluoride varnish applications (p=0.01). Sealing is a more effective approach than fluoride varnish for arresting occlusal enamel carious lesions in erupting permanent molars.

Non-invasive and micro-invasive treatments to arrest active occlusal carious lesions in erupting permanent molars: A randomized clinical trial

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of non-invasive and micro-invasive treatments on the arrest of occlusal enamel carious lesions in erupting permanent molars. This two-arm randomized clinical trial included 27 subjects, aged 5-11 years, with 64 erupting permanent molars presenting active occlusal enamel carious lesions (as assessed by the International Caries Detection and Assessment System [ICDAS]; scores 1-3). The sample was randomly assigned into two treatment groups: 1) resin-modified glass ionomer cement sealant (Clinpro XT Varnish; 3M ESPE) and 2) 4-week topical fluoride varnish application (Duraphat; Colgate). All children and parents received oral hygiene and dietary instructions. Teeth were evaluated at baseline and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months regarding the eruption stage, biofilm accumulation, as well as severity and activity of the carious lesions. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to evaluate the survival estimates for inactivation of the carious lesions for both treatment groups. Multivariate Cox regression models with shared frailty were performed to identify factors associated with the outcome (p < 0.05). After 12 months, 22% and 3% of the lesions treated with topical fluoride varnish and sealant, respectively remained active. The adjusted model demonstrated that younger children had a higher probability of active enamel carious lesions arresting (hazard ratio [HR] 0.42, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.22-0.78; p=0.01). However, the probability of active enamel carious lesions arresting after sealant application was 8.85 times higher compared with fluoride varnish applications (p=0.01). Sealing is a more effective approach than fluoride varnish for arresting occlusal enamel carious lesions in erupting permanent molars.

Sleep bruxism and oral health-related quality of life in children: A systematic review.

Sleep bruxism (SB) is a masticatory muscle activity during sleep that can cause several consequences to the stomatognathic system. This systematic review investigated the impact of SB on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of 0- to 6-year-old children. Literature search was undertaken through PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, Scopus, TRIP, Livivo databases, and grey literature. The search was conducted with no publication year or language limits. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted the data and assessed the risk of bias. The quality of evidence was assessed using GRADE. From 185 potentially eligible studies, three were included in the review. All studies were conducted in Brazil, published between 2015 and 2017, and used the B-ECOHIS instrument to evaluate OHRQoL. Two studies found no association between SB and OHRQoL, whereas one showed a significant negative impact of SB on the OHRQoL of children. SB was associated with respiratory problems, presence of tooth wear, dental caries, malocclusion as well as income and pacifier use. Risk of bias ranged from moderate to high, and the quality of evidence was judged as very low. The evidence is currently insufficient for definitive conclusions about the impact of SB on OHRQoL of children.

Development and characterization of crosslinked hyaluronic acid polymeric films for use in coating processes.

The aim of this work was to develop and characterize new hyaluronic acid-based responsive materials for film coating of solid dosage forms. Crosslinking of hyaluronic acid with trisodium trimetaphosphate was performed under controlled alkaline aqueous environment. The films were produced through casting process by mixing crosslinked or bare biopolymer in aqueous dispersion of ethylcellulose, at different proportions. Films were further characterized regarding morphology by scanning electron microscopy, robustness by permeation to water vapor transmission, and ability to hydrate in simulated gastric and intestinal physiological fluids. The safety and biocompatibility of films were assessed against Caco-2 and HT29-MTX intestinal cells. The permeation to water vapor transmission was favored by increasing hyaluronic acid content in the final formulation. When in simulated gastric fluid, films exhibited lower hydration ability compared to more extensive hydration in simulated intestinal fluids. Simultaneously, in simulated intestinal fluids, films partially lost weight, revealing ability for preventing drug release at gastric pH, but tailoring the release at higher intestinal pH. The physiochemical characterization suggests thermal stability of films and physical interaction between compounds of formulation. Lastly, cytotoxicity tests demonstrated that films and individual components of the formulations, when incubated for 4h, were safe for intestinal cells Overall, these evidences suggest that hyaluronic acid-based responsive films, applied as coating material of oral solid dosage forms, can prevent the premature release of drugs in harsh stomach conditions, but control the release it in gastrointestinal tract distal portion, assuring safety to intestinal mucosa.

Fluoride stability in dentifrices stored in schools in a town of northern Brazil.

The aim of this study was to analyze fluoride stability in dentifrices stored during nine months in schools from Careiro da Várzea, State of Amazonas, Brazil. Analysis of total fluoride concentration, total soluble fluoride, and ionic fluoride in the dentifrice samples was performed in four different time periods: at the time of purchase (baseline); after three months, after six months, and after nine months of storage. Fluoride concentration was determined using a specific electrode (Orion 96-09) connected to an ion analyzer (Orion A-720) and calibrated with fluoride standard solutions containing 2.0 to 32.0 ppm F. The results obtained during the measurements were analyzed by analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA), followed by Tukey's test for comparison of the means. After nine months of storage, total soluble fluoride, the active form of fluoride, decreased by 21.9%. As total soluble fluoride was below the minimum required for anticaries efficacy (1,000 ppm F) in the fourth analysis, it may be concluded that anticaries potential decreased with storage time.

Fluoride stability in dentifrices stored in schools in a town of northern Brazil

The aim of this study was to analyze fluoride stability in dentifrices stored during nine months in schools from Careiro da Várzea, State of Amazonas, Brazil. Analysis of total fluoride concentration, total soluble fluoride, and ionic fluoride in the dentifrice samples was performed in four different time periods: at the time of purchase (baseline); after three months, after six months, and after nine months of storage. Fluoride concentration was determined using a specific electrode (Orion 96-09) connected to an ion analyzer (Orion A-720) and calibrated with fluoride standard solutions containing 2.0 to 32.0 ppm F. The results obtained during the measurements were analyzed by analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s test for comparison of the means. After nine months of storage, total soluble fluoride, the active form of fluoride, decreased by 21.9%. As total soluble fluoride was below the minimum required for anticaries efficacy (1,000 ppm F) in the fourth analysis, it may be concluded that anticaries potential decreased with storage time.

Acetilação e funcionalidade das proteínas das amêndoas da munguba (Pachira aquatica Aubl) / Acetylation and activities of proteins from munguba (Pachira aquatica Aubl) almonds

Neste estudo foram caracterizadas as propriedades funcionais das proteínas da amêndoa de munguba, modificadas quimicamente por acetilação. As amostras do isolado proteico foram alteradas por acetilação, utilizando-se anidrido acético como reagente modificante nas concentrações de 5, 10 e 15. A extensão da modificação obtida com adição de anidrido acético foi, respectivamente, de 31,09, 72,75 e 81,77. O efeito de modificação sobre as propriedades funcionais do isolado proteico da munguba e dos derivados acetilados mostrou redução da solubilidade com o aumento do pH até que fossem alcançados seus pontos isoelétricos, respectivamente, em pH 5,0 e 4,0, seguidos por aumentos da solubilização a partir desses pontos. A capacidade de absorção de água e do óleo do isolado proteico nativo foi melhorada após acetilação. Houve aumento da capacidade emulsificante do isolado nativo na região alcalina. As características de atividade e estabilidade de emulsão do isolado proteico foram melhoradas no ponto isoelétrico (pI) e no pH 7,0, após a modificação. A viscosidade do isolado proteico nativo sofreu pouca alteração após a modificação; contudo, a viscosidade tornou-se elevada com o aumento da concentração da solução proteica e diminuída com o aquecimento a 90 ºC.

Acetilação e funcionalidade das proteínas das amêndoas da munguba (Pachira aquatica Aubl) / Acetylation and activities of proteins from munguba (Pachira aquatica Aubl) almonds

Neste estudo foram caracterizadas as propriedades funcionais das proteínas da amêndoa de munguba, modificadas quimicamente por acetilação. As amostras do isolado proteico foram alteradas por acetilação, utilizando-se anidrido acético como reagente modificante nas concentrações de 5, 10 e 15. A extensão da modificação obtida com adição de anidrido acético foi, respectivamente, de 31,09, 72,75 e 81,77. O efeito de modificação sobre as propriedades funcionais do isolado proteico da munguba e dos derivados acetilados mostrou redução da solubilidade com o aumento do pH até que fossem alcançados seus pontos isoelétricos, respectivamente, em pH 5,0 e 4,0, seguidos por aumentos da solubilização a partir desses pontos. A capacidade de absorção de água e do óleo do isolado proteico nativo foi melhorada após acetilação. Houve aumento da capacidade emulsificante do isolado nativo na região alcalina. As características de atividade e estabilidade de emulsão do isolado proteico foram melhoradas no ponto isoelétrico (pI) e no pH 7,0, após a modificação. A viscosidade do isolado proteico nativo sofreu pouca alteração após a modificação; contudo, a viscosidade tornou-se elevada com o aumento da concentração da solução proteica e diminuída com o aquecimento a 90 ºC.(AU)

Caracterização química parcial das proteínas das amêndoas da Munguba(Pachira aquatica Aubl) / Partial chemical charaterization of the proteins of the nuts of Munguba(Pachira aquatica Aubl)

A munguba (Pachira aquatica Aubl) é uma semente oleaginosa nativa do Sul do México e Norte do Brasil, cultivada como espécie ornamental. Com o propósito de investigar o seu uso na alimentação ou como ingrediente na indústria alimentícia, foram avaliados a composição centesimal, a fração proteica e alguns fatores antinutricionais. A taxa de lipídeos foi de 46,62% e a proteica foi de 13,75%, com características típicas de espécie oleaginosa. Na forma de torta, o índice proteico foi de 28,27%. Foram detectados os aminoácidos essenciais (g/100 g de proteína): valina (7,16), leucina (7,97) e lisina (5,27), porém, valor limitante de metionina + cisteína (2,42). Quanto aos aminoácidos não essenciais, os maiores índices foram de ácido aspártico (12,70) e ácido glutâmico (17,11). Na classificação proteica, a fração globulínica apresentou índice de 56,24%, albumina (22,86%), glutelinas (14,22%) e prolamina (1,43%). Pela análise eletroforética foram observadas quatro subunidades proteicas variando de 97,4 KDa a 29 KDa. O teor de tanino foi de 6,34mg/g e a presença de atividade hemaglutinante foi detectada. A semente de munguba possui características proteicas adequadas, que possibilita o seu uso na indústria alimentícia e na aquicultura.

Munguba (Pachira aquatica Aubl) is an oleaginous seed native of southern Mexico and northern Brazil, and it is cultivated as gardening ornament. For investigating its use as food or as an ingredient in food manufacturing, the centesimal composition, protein fractions and some anti-nutricional factors were characterized. The lipid and protein contents were of 46.62% and 13.75%, respectively, which characterize it as being an oleaginous species. In a pie form, the protein contents was of 28.27. The following essential amino acids (g/100 g of protein) were found: valine (7.16), leucine (7.97) and lysine (5.27), but a limited amount of methionine + cysteine (2.42). Among the non-essential amino acids, aspartic acid (12.70) andglutamic acid (17.11g) showed the highest indices. For protein classification the globulin fraction was inhighest index (56.24%), followed by albumin (22.86%), glutelins (14.22%) and prolamins (1.45%), being consistent with the characteristic profile of plant storage proteins. Four protein subunits ranging from 97.4 KDa to 29.0 KDa were found by electrophoretic analysis. The tanine contents was of 6.34 mg/g, and the haemagglutination activity was detected. The munguba seeds demonstrated the nutritional characteristics which are suitable for being used in food manufacturing and aquiculture.

Partial Chemical Charaterization of the proteins of the nuts of Munguba (Pachira aquatica Aubl) / Caracterização química parcial das Proteínas das Amêndoas da Munguba (Pachira aquatica Aubl)

Munguba (Pachira aquatica Aubl) is an oleaginous seed native of southern Mexico and northern Brazil,and it is cultivated as gardening ornament. For investigating its use as food or as an ingredient in foodmanufacturing, the centesimal composition, protein fractions and some anti-nutricional factors werecharacterized. The lipid and protein contents were of 46.62% and 13.75%, respectively, which characterizeit as being an oleaginous species. In a pie form, the protein contents was of 28.27. The following essentialamino acids (g/100 g of protein) were found: valine (7.16), leucine (7.97) and lysine (5.27), but a limitedamount of methionine + cysteine (2.42). Among the non-essential amino acids, aspartic acid (12.70) andglutamic acid (17.11g) showed the highest indices. For protein classification the globulin fraction was inhighest index (56.24%), followed by albumin (22.86%), glutelins (14.22%) and prolamins (1.45%), beingconsistent with the characteristic profile of plant storage proteins. Four protein subunits ranging from 97.4KDa to 29.0 KDa were found by electrophoretic analysis. The tanine contents was of 6.34 mg/g, and thehaemagglutination activity was detected. The munguba seeds demonstrated the nutritional characteristicswhich are suitable for being used in food manufacturing and aquiculture.

A munguba (Pachira aquatica Aubl) é uma semente oleaginosa nativa do Sul do México e Norte do Brasil,cultivada como espécie ornamental. Com o propósito de investigar o seu uso na alimentação ou comoingrediente na indústria alimentícia, foram avaliados a composição centesimal, a fração proteica e algunsfatores antinutricionais. A taxa de lipídeos foi de 46,62% e a proteica foi de 13,75%, com características típicasde espécie oleaginosa. Na forma de torta, o índice proteico foi de 28,27%. Foram detectados os aminoácidosessenciais (g/100 g de proteína): valina (7,16), leucina (7,97) e lisina (5,27), porém, valor limitante demetionina + cisteína (2,42). Quanto aos aminoácidos não essenciais, os maiores índices foram de ácidoaspártico (12,70) e ácido glutâmico (17,11). Na classificação proteica, a fração globulínica apresentou índicede 56,24%, albumina (22,86%), glutelinas (14,22%) e prolamina (1,43%). Pela análise eletroforética foramobservadas quatro subunidades proteicas variando de 97,4 KDa a 29 KDa. O teor de tanino foi de 6,34mg/g e a presença de atividade hemaglutinante foi detectada. A semente de munguba possui característicasproteicas adequadas, que possibilita o seu uso na indústria alimentícia e na aquicultura.

Conversando com as criancas sobre seus cadernos

O foco deste e a analise dos registros contidos nos cadernos de alunos da primeira serie de uma escola publica na cidade de Porto Alegre (RS). Foram entrevistadas 30 criancas de tres classes diferentes, utilizando-se o metodo clinico critico desenvolvido por Jean Piaget. Os resultados revelaram: tres tipos de registros - registro copia, registro parcial e registro diferenciado - e tres niveis de compreensao dos registros - compreensao figural, compreensao atribuida ao outro e compreensao do registro. O tipo de registro predominante foi o registro copia acompanhado de uma compreensao atribuida ao outro. Os resultados sao discutidos a luz da Sociologia da Educacao e da Epistemologia Genetica onde se questiona a influencia do discurso escolar na aprendizagem e o proprio papel do psicologo na escola.

Frequência de anticorpos específicos para herpes simples e citomegalovírus em soro e líquido cefalorraquidiano de pacientes com síndrome de imunodeficiência adquirida - AIDS / Herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus antibodies frequency in serum and cerebrospinal fluid from patients with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome - AIDS

De janeiro a dezembro de 1988, foram submetidas a exame 865 amostras de soro e 475 amostras de líquido céfalo-raquidiano -LCR de pacientes com Síndrome de Imunodeficiência Adquirida-AIDS, para pesquisa de anticorpos específicos para herpes simples e citomegalovírus, respectivamente pelas técnicas de imunofluorescência indireta e fixaçäo do complemento. Dos pacientes estudados, 87,4% eram do sexo masculino e 65,7% pertenciam a faixa etária de 20 a 39 anos; 61,5% das amostras de soro e 7,5% das amostras de LCR apresentaram anticorpos para herpesvírus. Para citomegalovírus, registrou-se a presença de anticorpos específicos em 42,6% das amostras de soro e em 2,7% das amostras de LCR. As frequências de anticorpos específicos para ambos os vírus nas amostras de soro estudadas foram significativamente menores (p<0,05) que os valores indicados pela literatura especializada como padroes da populaçäo normal. A presença de anticorpos específicos para herpesvírus e citomegalovírus no LCR sugere uma possível infecçäo por esses vírus no Sistema Nervoso Central dos pacientes com AIDS.