[Nonmotor signs of Parkinson's disease].

The article reviews the literature on some nonmotor symptoms. Sections of the paper are devoted to depression, anxiety, apathy, cognitive dysfunction, psychotic signs, sleep disorders, pain, olfactory disorders.

[Circulating immune complexes in ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes]. / Tsirkuliruiushchie immunnye kompleksy pri ishemicheskom i gemorragicheskom insul'takh.

The study aimed at determination of circulating immune complexes (CIC) levels in a serum of patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes, isolation of the complexes and their antigen composition identification. Spectrophotometric assay, polyethylene glycol precipitation and SDS PAG electrophoresis were used. Comparing to controls, significantly elevated levels of both small and big CIC were detected in the serum of the patients with ischemic stroke, while in the patients with hemorrhage stroke only the level of small CIC was elevated. The antigen CIC composition was specific for each stroke form and for control group either. Being compared to literature data, the results obtained revealed a specificity of the antigen CIC composition in ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes.

[Lamiktal in the treatment of epilepsy patients]. / Lamiktal v lechenii bol'nykh épilepsiei.

Lamictal (Lamotrigin) action was studied in 61 patients with partial and generalized epileptic seizures (not fewer than twice a month). Most of the patients received Lamictal in doses of 200-300 mg daily as well as other antiepileptic medications (before lamictal all patients were treated without effect with various antiepileptic medications). Effectiveness of treatment with lamictal includes: the cessation of epileptic attacks (5 patients), its more rare appearance (31 patients), transformation into more light fits (15 patients). Lamictal has a broad spectrum of antiepileptic activity: it stops generalized tonic-clonic seizures, absences, simple and complex partial seizures as well as secondarily generalized tonic-clonic seizures. The medication is also effective in patients with psychopathologic symptoms.

[Fibronectin levels in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in cerebrovascular diseases]. / Soderzhanie fibronektina v krovi i spinnomozgovoi zhidkosti pri narusheniiakh mozgovogo krovoobrashcheniia.

A total of 106 patients with different forms of cerebral circulation disorders and 28 healthy donors were investigated for the contents of fibronectin and its proteolytic degradation products in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid. In patients with cerebrovascular disorders the decrease in the blood fibronectin levels was accompanied by a decrease in its metabolite levels and increased R-protein content, irrespective of the character and degree of clinical manifestations. The fibronectin CSF levels were increased in acute stroke with unconsistent rise in R-proteins. The authors suggest that fibronectin synthesis and degradation are evidently controlled by R-proteins being the products of destruction of cellular receptors.

[Functional activity of natural killers and lymphocyte antibody-dependent cytotoxicity in patients with acute disorders of the cerebral circulation]. / Funktsional'naia aktivnost' estestvennykh killerov i antitelozavisimaia tsitoksichnost' limfotsitov u bol'nykh s ostrymi narusheniiami mozgovogo krovoobrashcheniia.

Dynamic examination of 47 patients over the first three weeks after the development of ischemic stroke (IS) has revealed a significant decrease in the natural killer activity (NKA) and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). A decrease in the NK activity in IS patients appears to be related to dyslipoproteinemia, which has been confirmed by the detection of a reverse correlation between the values of the NKA and the atherogenicity coefficient, while suppression of ADCC in the same patients is explained by the suppressive influence of the prostaglandin system, which has been investigated in vitro. The elucidation in IS patients of immunopathological phenomena related to impairments of the effector component of immunity and of activities of NK- and K-cells justifies the inclusion of immunocorrecting drugs into the comprehensive therapy of IS.

[Computer-assisted differential diagnosis of cerebral stroke]. / O vychislitel'noi differentsial'noi diagnostike mozgovogo insul'ta.

An automatic system of the stage-by-stage differential diagnosis of acute disorders of the cerebral circulation has been developed. Investigation of the efficacy of computer-aided diagnosis and its comparison to the diagnosis made by physicians at different levels of the care of patients with acute impairments of the cerebral circulation have shown the advisability of employing this system in the diagnosis of brain stroke at the prehospital stage at variable levels of the public health service.

[Role of lesions of the major arteries of the head in disorders of hemostasis and the rheologic properties of the blood]. / O roli porazhenii magistral'nykh arterii golovy v narusheniiakh gemostaza i reologicheskikh svoistv krovi.

The authors studied the process of platelet and erythrocyte aggregation in blood passing through a special chamber designed to simulate an intact vessel and a vessel which is either stenosed or pathologically convoluted. Aggregate formation was shown to be dramatically increased in simulating a part of a vessel with an altered geometrical pattern of the blood flow, with the increase being more pronounced when the blood from patients with cerebral dyshemias was applied. It was found that in patients with cerebral infarction, the antiaggregate activity of the blood passing through the internal carotid arteries on the affected side was lower than in other sections of the blood stream. The importance of identified regularities in the pathogenesis of cerebrovascular diseases is discussed.

[Microcirculatory disorders in patients with cerebrovascular pathology]. / Mikrotsirkuliatornye narusheniia u bol'nykh s sosudistoi patologiei mozga.

The microvascular network of the labial mucosa and the nail bed, as well as the rheological properties of the blood were examined in 132 patients with various forms of cerebral circulation disorders. It was shown that the patients with the cerebrovascular pathology had organic changes of the capillaries. At the same time a hyperreactivity of the microvessels was observed. This hyperreactivity was more marked in patients with initial forms of the cerebrovascular disturbances. In the patients examined an increased permeability of te capillaries for protein and water was revealed: this increase was found to correlate with the disease gravity. Along with the vascular changes the patients also showed disturbances of the blood rheological properties. These disturbances manifested in an increased viscosity of the blood (especially at low shear speeds) and an increased aggregation of erythrocytes. It was also found that not only the erythrocyte aggregation, but also the strength of the aggregates formed were increased: this correlated well with the disease gravity.

[Changes in the structuro-functional properties of erythrocytes in vascular diseases of the brain]. / Izmenenie strukturno-funktsional'nykh svoistv éritrotsitov pri sosudistoi patologii mozga.

In patients with various impairments of brain circulation a decrease in deformation and osmotic stability of erythrocytes were observed. These findings correlated with the decrease in activity of Na+, K+- and Ca2+-ATPases from the cell membranes. At the same time, the Mg/+-ATPase activity was markedly increased. Conductivity for K+, Na+ and Ca2+ was increased in lipid bilayer of erythrocytes obtained from the patients with brain vascular pathology.

[Erythrocyte deformability in patients with acute cerebral circulatory disorders]. / Deformiruemost' éritrotsitov u bol'nykh s ostrymi narusheniiami mozgovogo krovoobrashcheniia.

The capacity of erythrocytes to deformation was examined in patients with acute disturbances of the cerebral circulation. It was shown that in patients with transient cerebral circulation disturbances and brain infarctions this capacity of erythrocytes was sharply lowered. It was accompanied by a greater capacity of erythrocytes to aggregation and by a lability of weakly linked proteins of the erythrocytic membranes. It was also shown that in patients with brain infarction the lipid fraction of the erythrocytic membranes was more viscous.

[Blood glycolipids of patients with cerebral circulatory disorders]. / Glikolipidy krovi u bol'nykh s rasstroistvami mozgovogo krovoobrashcheniia.

The paper is concerned with a study of the glycolipid content in the blood of 70 patients with acute disorders of brain circulation and in 14 patients with the initial signs of insufficiency of circulation. It was established that in the plasma and blood cells in patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes the amount of gangliosides and cerebrosides were considerably higher than in normals (35 cases). In patients with transient disorders of brain circulation and initial signs of insufficiency of brain circulation the content of glycolipids is increased to a lesser degree. A conclusion has been made that there is a possible involvement of oligosaccharidceramides (mono- and asyalgangliosides, galactocerebrosides) in the occurrence of disorders in cerebral hemodynamics.