[Mortality rates in childhood and their causes in Spain. 1991]. / Tasas de mortalidad en la infancia y sus causas en España. 1991.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to present the different pediatric mortality rates in Spain during 1991 and to describe the groups of mortality causes for the different ages in relationship to these rates. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We have used data from the National Institute of Statistics for the year studied. These data were summarized, grouped and simplified. In order to clarify them, causes of death have been expressed in percentage. RESULTS: The different mortality rates were: Infant mortality 7.19; neonatal mortality 4.57; early neonatal mortality rate 3.32; late neonatal mortality rate 1.25; postneonatal mortality 2.62; perinatal mortality 7.24; preschool mortality 1.75; mortality within the age group 5-9 years 1.26. For infantile, neonatal, early neonatal, late neonatal and postneonatal mortality the biggest percentage was due to causes depending upon congenital malformations and perinatal diseases. For preschool and school mortality accidents and tumors were the most frequent causes of death, although causes related to congenital anomalies were also responsible for a large percentage of deaths. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric mortality rates in our country are more than acceptable and their causes are similar to those of other civilized countries.

[Normal values of forced spirometry in children 100 to 140 cm tall]. / Valores normales de la espirometría forzada en niños de 100 a 140 cm.

We describe standard value charts with lower limit for our population between heights 100-140 cm. We have made different charts for males and females for VC, FVC and FEV. For PEFR, MMF, MEF (25%), MEF (50%) and MEF (75%) charts are common for both sexes.