Long COVID Clusters of Symptoms Persist beyond Two Years after Infection: Insights from the CARDIO COVID 20-21 Registry.

Long COVID presents with diverse symptoms after COVID-19. Different clusters of symptoms have been reported; however, their persistence beyond 2 years after COVID-19 remains unclear. In this cohort study, we prospectively evaluated individuals with previous severe COVID-19 presenting with long COVID at a two-year follow-up. We characterized the included patients and performed a cluster analysis of symptoms through multiple correspondence analysis and hierarchical clustering. A total of 199 patients with long COVID were included. The median age was 58 years (48-69), 56% were male, and the median follow-up time since the COVID-19 diagnosis was 26 months (IQR: 25, 27). Three symptom clusters were identified: Cluster 1 is characterized by fatigue, myalgia/arthralgia, a low prevalence of symptoms, and a lack of specific symptoms; Cluster 2 is defined by a high prevalence of fatigue, myalgia/arthralgia, and cardiorespiratory symptoms, including palpitations, shortness of breath, cough, and chest pain; and Cluster 3 is demonstrated a high prevalence of ageusia, anosmia, fatigue, and cardiorespiratory symptoms. Our study reinforces the concept of symptom clustering in long COVID, providing evidence that these clusters may persist beyond two years after a COVID-19 diagnosis. This highlights the chronic and debilitating nature of long COVID and the importance of developing strategies to mitigate symptoms in these patients.

Evaluating the Shock Index, Revised Assessment of Bleeding and Transfusion (RABT), Assessment of Blood Consumption (ABC) and novel PTTrauma score to predict critical transfusion threshold (CAT) in penetrating thoracic trauma.

The shock index (SI) has been associated with predicting transfusion needs in trauma patients. However, its utility in penetrating thoracic trauma (PTTrauma) for predicting the Critical Administration Threshold (CAT) has not been well-studied. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of SI in predicting CAT in PTTrauma patients and compare its performance with the Assessment of Blood Consumption (ABC) and Revised Assessment of Bleeding and Transfusion (RABT) scores. We conducted a prognostic type 2, single-center retrospective observational cohort study on patients with PTTrauma and an Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 9. The primary exposure was SI at admission, and the primary outcome was CAT. Logistic regression and decision curve analysis were used to assess the predictive performance of SI and the PTTrauma score, a novel model incorporating clinical variables. Of the 620 participants, 53 (8.5%) had more than one CAT. An SI > 0.9 was associated with CAT (adjusted OR 4.89, 95% CI 1.64-14.60). The PTTrauma score outperformed SI, ABC, and RABT scores in predicting CAT (AUC 0.867, 95% CI 0.826-0.908). SI is a valuable predictor of CAT in PTTrauma patients. The novel PTTrauma score demonstrates superior performance compared to existing scores, highlighting the importance of developing targeted predictive models for specific injury patterns. These findings can guide clinical decision-making and resource allocation in the management of PTTrauma.

Vigilancia de morbilidad materna extrema en una institución de referencia en Cali, Colombia, 2013-2014 / Surveillance of near miss maternal morbidity in a referral institution in Cali, Colombia, 2013-2014

Objetivo: describir la razón de prevalencia de la morbilidad materna extrema (MME) y las características de la población en la que se presentó. Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal basado en la vigilancia epidemiológica durante los años 2013 y 2014; se incluyeron las pacientes gestantes atendidas en una institución de referencia ubicada en suroccidente del departamento de Valle, Colombia. Se utilizaron los criterios para vigilancia de morbilidad materna extrema según definición del protocolo de vigilancia del Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia. Se midieron las características sociodemográficas; los criterios de inclusión de MME: disfunción orgánica, manejo o causa específica, el número de criterios de severidad y la estancia. En el análisis se emplearon medidas de tendencia central y dispersión para las variables continuas, y frecuencias absolutas, proporciones para las variables categóricas. Se calculó la razón de prevalencia de MME y la razón caso criterio. Resultados: de 3985 partos se identificaron 219 casos de MME (55 x 1000 nacidos vivos), el 89 % de las pacientes fueron remitidas de otra institución y un 21,0 % no vivían en la ciudad de Cali. El prome- dio de edad fue de 26 años, el 64,0 % pertenecían al régimen subsidiado de salud. No hubo casos de mortalidad materna durante el periodo de estudio. El 18,0 % de las pacientes presentaron más de 3 criterios de severidad. La categoría de morbilidad más frecuente fueron los trastornos hipertensivos del embarazo en el 74,4 % de los casos. Conclusión: la MME en la Clínica Rafael Uribe de Cali, con el instrumento del INS de Colombia, muestra una razón de prevalencia 55 x 1000 nacidos vivos.

Objective: To describe the prevalence ratio of 'near-miss' maternal morbidity and the characteristics of the population in which EMM occurred. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study based on epidemiological surveillance conducted during 2013 and 2014 with pregnant women seen at a referral institution in the southwestern region of the Department of Valle, Colombia. Criteria based on the definition of near miss maternal mor- bidity set forth in the Colombian National Health Institute surveillance protocol were used. Social and demographic characteristics were measured and the inclusion criteria for EMM were based on organ dysfunction; management and specific cause were described together with the number of se- verity criteria and length of stay. For the analysis, measures of central tendency and spread were used for continuous variables, and absolute frequency and proportions were used for categorical variables. The prevalence ratio for EMM and the case/criterion ratio were estimated. Results: Out of 3985 births, 219 cases of EMM were identified (55 x 1000 live births), 89 % of the patients were referred from a different institution and 21.0 % did not live in the city of Cali. The mean age was 26 years, and 64.0 % of the patients belonged to the subsidized health regime. Eighteen per cent of the patients had more than 3 severity criteria. The most frequent morbidity category was Pregnancy Induced Hypertension (74.4%). There were no cases of maternal death. Conclusion: The prevalence rate for EMM at Clínica Rafael Uribe in Cali measured with the Colombian National Health Institute tool was 55 x 1000 live births.