RESUMEN
This study documents the seroprevalence of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and puma lentivirus (PLV) in free-ranging and captive Florida panthers (Puma concolor coryi) (n = 51) and translocated Texas cougars (P. concolor stanleyana) (n = 10) from 1985 to 1998. The sera were tested for anti-FIV antibodies by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot tests. The ELISAs were read kinetically (KELA) and the sera were retrospectively examined by PLV peptide ELISA. Eleven panthers and one cougar were positive by KELA; 4 panthers and 4 cougars were equivocal; 35 panthers and 5 cougars were negative; and 1 panther had no data. Seven of the 11 KELA-positive panthers were also positive by Western blot tests and all but one were positive by PLV peptide ELISA. Ten KELA-negative and Western blot-negative cats, were positive by PLV peptide ELISA. KELA results varied within cats from one sample period to the next, but PLV peptide ELISA results were consistent. Territorial sympatry and mating behaviour, noted from radiotelemetry location data on the cats, may have contributed to viral transmission between seropositive animals. These findings suggest that Florida panthers and the introduced Texas cougars have been exposed to FIV and/or PLV.
Asunto(s)
Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/inmunología , Infecciones por Lentivirus/veterinaria , Puma/virología , Animales , Animales de Zoológico , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Femenino , Florida , Infecciones por Lentivirus/epidemiología , Infecciones por Lentivirus/inmunología , Infecciones por Lentivirus/virología , Masculino , Puma/inmunología , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The temperature, doping, and field dependences of the magnetoresistance (MR) in Pr2-xCexCuO4-delta films are reported. We distinguish between orbital MR, found when the magnetic field is applied perpendicular to the ab planes, and the nearly isotropic spin MR. The latter, the major MR effect in the superconducting samples, appears in the region of the doping-temperature phase diagram where drho/dT<0, or an upturn in the resistivity appears. We conclude that the upturn originates from spin scattering processes.
RESUMEN
Potential interactions between psychostimulant drugs and infection with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) on brain metabolism were evaluated. Four groups of cats were studied: control, FIV positive, methamphetamine (MA) exposed, and FIV positive plus MA exposed. Frontal gray matter, frontal white matter, and caudate brain extracts were studied with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS). In the frontal white matter, FIV-infected cats showed decreases in creatine and choline, while MA-treated cats had elevated gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). The decreased glutamate in FIV cats normalized with MA exposure. FIV and MA both affect brain metabolites individually and combined. 1HMRS is useful for evaluating the effects of FIV and drug abuse in the brain.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida , Encéfalo/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/virología , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Metanfetamina/farmacología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/metabolismo , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida/virología , Animales , Encéfalo/anatomía & histología , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Química Encefálica , Gatos , Colina/metabolismo , Creatina/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Infecciones , Distribución Aleatoria , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/metabolismoRESUMEN
Drug abuse is a common method of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission, but the role of opiates on lentivirus disease progression is not well understood. The feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)/cat system was used to model the weekend opiate abuser: the nondependent, nonaddicted, and nontolerant person. Sixteen cats were placed into 4 groups: FIV only, morphine only, morphine/FIV, and controls. Multiple acute morphine exposure did not increase the severity of early lentivirus infection. On the contrary, it delayed or moderated the FIV-induced disease progression. Although the animals were exposed to only 1 injection of morphine per day for 2 consecutive days per week, the morphine-treated FIV-infected animals had a delayed onset of the FIV-induced lymphadenopathy, did not develop or had a significant delay in the FIV-induced effects on brain stem auditory evoked potentials, and demonstrated a trend toward decreased virus load.
Asunto(s)
Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Felino/fisiopatología , Morfina/toxicidad , Trastornos Relacionados con Sustancias/complicaciones , Animales , Gatos , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Hidrocortisona/sangre , Drogas Ilícitas/efectos adversos , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/genética , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/aislamiento & purificación , Morfina/administración & dosificación , Dependencia de Morfina/complicaciones , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/análisis , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Viremia/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), a lentivirus, causes progressive immunosuppression and neurologic dysfunction in cats. Glucocorticoids are common therapeutic agents that are also immunosuppressive, and their use might enhance the pathogenic effects of lentivirus infections. Methylprednisolone acetate, a long-acting glucocorticoid, was administered to cats before FIV inoculation, and the course of early infection was monitored. The humoral immune response to FIV was not affected by corticosteroid treatment, but CD8+ cell-mediated antiviral activity was poor in cultures from FIV-infected cats treated with methylprednisolone. Steroid-treated cats had higher plasma viral RNA levels than untreated cats during acute viremia. In contrast, FIV-associated changes in brain stem auditory-evoked potentials were slow to develop in the methylprednisolone-treated cats. Methylprednisolone treatment of cats with established FIV infections appeared to reverse these neurophysiologic changes. These results emphasize the complexity of host-lentivirus interactions and suggest potential advantages and drawbacks of using glucocorticoids in lentivirus infections.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Potenciales Evocados Auditivos del Tronco Encefálico/efectos de los fármacos , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Felino/inmunología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Felino/fisiopatología , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/fisiología , Metilprednisolona/análogos & derivados , Animales , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Antígenos Virales/sangre , Relación CD4-CD8/efectos de los fármacos , Linfocitos T CD8-positivos/inmunología , Gatos , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Felino/patología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Felino/virología , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/inmunología , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/aislamiento & purificación , Subgrupos Linfocitarios/efectos de los fármacos , Metilprednisolona/farmacología , Acetato de Metilprednisolona , ARN Viral/sangre , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Viremia/virologíaRESUMEN
Although a laboratory isolate of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), FIV-NCSU1, has been transmitted by artificial insemination in domestic cats, transmission by naturally infected males during mating has not been reported. In order to determine whether virus shedding in semen is unique to the NCSU1 isolate, we analyzed electroejaculates from four specific-pathogen-free males infected with another laboratory strain, FIV-Petaluma, and eight random source males with naturally acquired infections. Seminal cell lysates from the cats infected with the Petaluma isolate were screened by nested polymerase chain reaction amplification for FIV gag DNA. Seminal cells and seminal plasma from these FIV-Petaluma cats were further analyzed for the presence of virus by cocultivation with a feline CD4+ T cell line and Crandell feline kidney cells. Electroejaculates from the naturally infected cats were cocultivated with the T cell line. Our results demonstrated that cell-free FIV was present in seminal plasma from two FIV-Petaluma cats and two naturally infected cats. Cell-associated seminal virus was detected in all of the FIV-Petaluma infected cats and one naturally infected cat. Secretion of viral gag p26 antigen, an indication of active viral replication, was evident in cocultures containing motile sperm purified by a swim-up procedure from a FIV-Petaluma cat. These results confirm that FIV shedding in semen is not restricted to a specific virus isolate. Furthermore, swim-up sperm from FIV-infected cats may be infectious in vitro.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Felino/virología , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/aislamiento & purificación , Semen/virología , Esparcimiento de Virus , Animales , Gatos , Línea Celular , MasculinoRESUMEN
A highly cytopathic feline immunodeficiency virus, FIV-Oma, was previously isolated from a nondomestic cat. In this report, we describe experiments to characterize its transcription map and examine its Rev activity. The temporal progression of viral gene expression is similar to that of HIV-1. The splicing pattern of viral transcripts was determined by sequence analysis of RT-PCR-amplified viral cDNAs. In vitro transcription and translation of two putative rev cDNAs revealed that they encode at least one 22-kDa protein. The Rev-responsive element (RRE) of FIV-Oma, identified by computer-assisted RNA secondary structure analysis, was inserted into the intron of an HIV-1-derived reporter plasmid and used in a transient transfection assay for Rev activity. Cotransfection of the RRE construct with the two rev cDNA clones significantly increased the expression of the reporter gene linked to the RRE, indicating that both transcripts encode an active Rev protein. The Rev activity of FIV-Oma is 5 to 8 times higher than that of a domestic cat FIV isolate, FIV-PPR. Our experiments also demonstrate the heterologous interaction of FIV-PPR Rev with the FIV-Oma RRE, even though the RREs of the two viruses have very little nucleotide sequence identity.
Asunto(s)
Genes rev , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/genética , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/patogenicidad , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Gatos , Mapeo Cromosómico , Efecto Citopatogénico Viral/genética , Cartilla de ADN/genética , ADN Complementario/genética , ADN Viral/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Conformación de Ácido Nucleico , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Biosíntesis de Proteínas , Empalme del ARN , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Viral/química , ARN Viral/genética , Transcripción GenéticaRESUMEN
The nucleotide sequence and genomic organization have been determined for a highly cytopathic feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) isolated from a Pallas' cat. The 9747-bp provirus of this virus, FIV-Oma, has typical lentivirus organization with LTRs, gag, pol, and env open reading frames (ORFs), putative vif and rev ORFs, and an ORF similar to ORF2/ORFA of domestic cat FIV isolates. Although the FIV-Oma provirus is 300 to 600 bp longer than other FIV proviruses, these additional bases are distributed throughout the genome. Phylogenetic analysis of a conserved region of the pol gene suggests that FIV-Oma is more closely related to some of the puma and lion lentiviruses than it is to domestic cat FIV isolates; however, many regions of the genome exhibit extensive nucleotide sequence divergence. None of the eight molecular proviral clones isolated from a genomic library are infectious, but we have constructed an infectious, cytopathic clone of FIV-Oma from subcloned and PCR-amplified fragments of these proviral clones. This clone will be useful for identifying the genetic determinants of FIV-Oma's biological activities.
Asunto(s)
Genoma Viral , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/genética , ARN Viral/análisis , Análisis de Secuencia de ARN , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Gatos , Línea Celular , ADN Viral , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/clasificación , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/aislamiento & purificación , Lentivirus/genética , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Provirus/clasificación , Provirus/genética , Provirus/aislamiento & purificación , Homología de Secuencia de Ácido NucleicoRESUMEN
Serological testing is a common method of diagnosis of felina viral infections, including feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV), and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). Infections with these viruses can be difficult to diagnose by clinical signs alone and are sometimes clinically inapparent for months after initial exposure. Serological testing to confirm a tentative diagnosis or as a screening tool for infection can be invaluable. However, serological tests must be used only with a thorough understanding of the mechanisms and abilities of the tests, and with recognition of their potential inadequacies and misinterpretations. This report summarizes the assays available for FIV, FeLV, and FIPV, and discusses merits and pitfalls associated with each test.
Asunto(s)
Antígenos Virales/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Coronavirus Felino/aislamiento & purificación , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Felino/diagnóstico , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Leucemia Felina/aislamiento & purificación , Pruebas Serológicas/veterinaria , Animales , Western Blotting/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Gatos/virología , Gatos , Coronavirus Felino/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática/veterinaria , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Directa/veterinaria , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/inmunología , Virus de la Leucemia Felina/inmunología , Pruebas Serológicas/métodosRESUMEN
Alcohol intoxication at the time of traumatic brain injury (TBI) presents many complications for critical care treatment. This is the first reported data on psychotropic dosages administered to TBI patients in the critical care setting. In this study, the blood alcohol level (BAL)-positive patients (n = 14) tended to be older (P = 0.095), have lower admission Glascow Coma Scores (P = 0.031), and spent more days on respirators (P = 0.125) than the BAL-zero patients (n = 21). The BAL-positive group received more days of narcotics and benzodiazepines with markedly higher average daily doses, not statistically significant. These results are a basis for studying relationships between medication, treatment variables, and outcomes for TBI patients and then developing specific medication guidelines.
Asunto(s)
Intoxicación Alcohólica/complicaciones , Intoxicación Alcohólica/diagnóstico , Lesiones Encefálicas/complicaciones , Adolescente , Adulto , Lesiones Encefálicas/diagnóstico , Lesiones Encefálicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Estudios de Cohortes , Escala de Coma de Glasgow , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Psicotrópicos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
A feline immunodeficiency virus-like virus (FIV-Oma) isolated from a Pallas' cat (Otocolobus manul) is highly cytopathic in CrFK cells, in contrast to the chronic, noncytolytic infection established by an FIV isolate from a domestic cat (FIV-Fca). The virions have typical lentivirus morphology, density, and magnesium-dependent reverse transcriptase activity. The major core protein is antigenically cross-reactive with that of FIV-Fca; however, FIV-Oma transcripts do not cross-hybridize with FIV-Fca. A conserved region of the FIV-Oma pol gene has 76 to 80% nucleic acid identify with the corresponding pol regions of other feline lentiviruses and 64 to 69% identity with those of human, ovine, and equine lentiviruses.
Asunto(s)
Carnívoros/virología , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/clasificación , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/aislamiento & purificación , Lentivirus/clasificación , Animales , Animales Salvajes , Secuencia de Bases , Northern Blotting , Gatos , Línea Celular , Secuencia Conservada , Genes pol , Caballos , Humanos , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/ultraestructura , Lentivirus/genética , Lentivirus/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Microscopía Electrónica , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , ARN Mensajero/aislamiento & purificación , ARN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , ADN Polimerasa Dirigida por ARN/análisis , Ovinos , Virión/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
The course of naturally acquired infection with feline immunodeficiency virus was monitored in a cat over an 18-month period after diagnosis. The cat was admitted with diarrhea, poor body condition, a bite wound abscess, gingivitis, chronic fever, and splenomegaly. The cat's condition improved after splenectomy and remained stable for approximately 15 months, then began to deteriorate, as gingivitis, polyuria, polydipsia, pyrexia, multiple cutaneous masses, and hind limb paresis developed. The in vitro response of the cat's lymphocytes to mitogens was suppressed, and absolute lymphocyte counts were low. Spinal lymphosarcoma, disseminated mastocytoma, and presumptive diabetes mellitus were diagnosed after euthanasia. Decreased immune surveillance associated with feline immunodeficiency virus-related immunosuppression possibly played a role in the development of neoplastic disease in this cat.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos/etiología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Felino/complicaciones , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/aislamiento & purificación , Linfoma no Hodgkin/veterinaria , Sarcoma de Mastocitos/veterinaria , Animales , Gatos , Diabetes Mellitus/etiología , Islotes Pancreáticos/patología , Linfoma no Hodgkin/etiología , Masculino , Sarcoma de Mastocitos/etiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/etiología , Neoplasias Cutáneas/veterinaria , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/etiología , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/veterinariaRESUMEN
The morphology of Trypanosoma manulis n. sp. is described from living and stained specimens obtained from the blood of a Pallas cat, Felis manul, from Kazakhstan. The cat was also infected with a Hepatozoon sp. and feline immunodeficiency virus. The morphology of the trypanosome most closely resembles that of Trypanosoma mpapuense Reichenow and Trypanosoma heybergi Rodhain found in bats. Trypanosoma manulis does not grow well in conventional media, but co-culture with African green monkey kidney cells in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum at approximately 27 degrees C resulted in luxuriant growth of trypanosomes. Under these growth conditions, epimastigotes adhered to the surface of the culture flask and to African green monkey kidney cells, as well as forming large rosettes. At 37 degrees C, although growth was poor, transformation of the epimastigotes into the bloodstream forms occurred. This represents the first report of a trypanosome of the subgenus Megatrypanum in a felid.
Asunto(s)
Carnívoros/parasitología , Trypanosoma/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Animales de Zoológico/microbiología , Animales de Zoológico/parasitología , Carnívoros/microbiología , Eucoccidiida/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/aislamiento & purificación , Trypanosoma/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
Serum samples obtained from 38 free-ranging Florida panthers (Felis concolor coryi) in southern Florida, March 1978 through February 1991, were tested for antibodies against eight bacterial, parasitic, and viral disease agents. Sera were positive for antibodies against feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) (78%), feline calicivirus (56%), feline immunodeficiency virus/puma lentivirus (37%), feline enteric coronavirus/feline infectious peritonitis virus (19%), and Toxoplasma gondii (9%). All samples were seronegative for Brucella spp., feline rhinotracheitis virus, and pseudorabies virus. In addition, all the animals tested were negative for feline leukemia virus p27 antigen as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Feline panleukopenia virus was considered to be a potentially significant disease agent; FPV antibodies occurred in the highest prevalences in older age classes (P = 0.027) and in panthers living in the dense mixed hardwood swamps in the western portion of their range compared to the open cypress and sawgrass prairies to the east (P = 0.096). Because < 50 animals remain in this relict population and the probable resultant depression of genetic diversity and lowered disease resistance, FPV or other disease agents could contribute to the extinction of this endangered subspecies.
Asunto(s)
Brucelosis/veterinaria , Carnívoros , Toxoplasmosis Animal/epidemiología , Virosis/veterinaria , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Brucella/inmunología , Brucelosis/epidemiología , Femenino , Florida/epidemiología , Masculino , Prevalencia , Toxoplasma/inmunología , Virosis/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
A total of 878 samples from the New York State Diagnostic Laboratory (NYSDL), dating from January 1984 to May 1987, were examined to detect antibodies to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV). We used 2 screening methods; an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of these, 211 samples were from cats that tested negative for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and exhibited disease signs consistent with immunodeficiency disease; 19 (9.0%) serum samples were determined to be positive. An additional 508 samples were from cats that tested FeLV-negative and were asymptomatic; 6 (1.2%) sera were determined to be positive. The final 159 samples were from FeLV-positive cats and included symptomatic and asymptomatic animals; this population of cats produced 6 (3.8%) positives. Additionally, 521 samples from the Cornell Feline Health Center (CFHC) serum bank, dating back to 1966, were tested to determine the earliest sample in which FIV antibodies could be detected. Five (2.7%) 1971 and 3 (3.3%) 1969 CFHC samples tested positive. The IFA for FIV antibody proved to be a sensitive (97.4%) and specific (100%) test. The ELISA also had high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (99.6%); however, the IFA proved to be more specific than the ELISA when assaying FeLV-positive cats.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Felino/epidemiología , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/inmunología , Animales , Gatos , Masculino , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Prevalencia , Juego de Reactivos para Diagnóstico/veterinaria , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Organismos Libres de Patógenos EspecíficosRESUMEN
Feline sera were submitted to the Cornell Feline Health Center (n = 497) or to the New York State Diagnostic Laboratory (n = 1,565) for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) testing. Some sera (n = 166) were submitted for confirmation of previous FIV-positive results; 151 of these sera had been tested at the referring veterinary practice or laboratory, using an in-house ELISA. Excluding the samples submitted for confirmation, a total of 173 samples (9.1%) were FIV-positive; 11.6% of the clinically ill or high-risk cats and 0.49% of the healthy, low risk cats were positive for FIV antibody. A commercially available ELISA for detection of antibody to FIV was evaluated in relation to the immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test and the immunoblot assay. The ELISA was interpreted according to the manufacturer's instructions, with the ratio of sample optical density to positive control optical density (S/P) determining a positive or negative result. The ELISA results based on the S/P interpretation were compared with a kinetics-based (KELA) interpretation of the ELISA. The KELA values were reported as positive, negative, or equivocal. Using the immunoblot as the standard, ELISA (S/P interpretation) had sensitivity of 0.93 and specificity of 0.98, whereas the IFA test had sensitivity of 0.95 and specificity of 0.98. However, the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA (S/P interpretation) were markedly reduced for sample results falling in the KELA equivocal range, indicating that equivocal results were valid interpretations for some sera. A high number (22.5%) of the samples submitted for confirmation of a positive result from use of the in-house ELISA were determined to be negative for FIV antibody.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Enfermedades de los Gatos/diagnóstico , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/inmunología , Infecciones por Lentivirus/veterinaria , Animales , Gatos , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente , Immunoblotting , Cinética , Infecciones por Lentivirus/diagnóstico , Valor Predictivo de las PruebasRESUMEN
A laboratory cat died 12 days after intraperitoneal inoculation of a 1 ml suspension containing 1.5 x 10(6) blood mononuclear cells from a Florida panther (Felis concolor coryi). Gross, histologic and ultrastructural investigations revealed the cause of death to be infection by Cytauxzoon felis, a protozoal parasite known to cause a rapidly fatal disease (cytauxzoonosis) in domestic cats. The bobcat (Felis rufus) has been identified as a natural host for C. felis. This report implicates the Florida panther as another possible host for C. felis.
Asunto(s)
Carnívoros/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Gatos/transmisión , Infecciones Protozoarias en Animales , Animales , Gatos , Reservorios de Enfermedades , Eucariontes/ultraestructura , Femenino , Riñón/parasitología , Riñón/patología , Riñón/ultraestructura , Pulmón/parasitología , Pulmón/patología , Pulmón/ultraestructura , Macrófagos/parasitología , Macrófagos/ultraestructura , Microscopía Electrónica , Infecciones por Protozoos/transmisión , Bazo/parasitología , Bazo/patología , Bazo/ultraestructuraRESUMEN
Lymphocytes from normal cats or cats experimentally infected with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) were stimulated with phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, or concanavalin A. Lymphocytes from infected cats had lower responses than those from uninfected cats. These results support the hypothesis that FIV induces immunosuppression.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Felino/inmunología , Tolerancia Inmunológica , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/inmunología , Linfocitos T/inmunología , Animales , Gatos , Células Cultivadas , Concanavalina A , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Activación de Linfocitos/inmunología , Masculino , Fitohemaglutininas , Mitógenos de Phytolacca americana , Organismos Libres de Patógenos EspecíficosRESUMEN
A population consisting of 70 breeder cats, 43 clinical cases, and 16 feral cats was examined for the presence of Toxoplasma gondii, feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), and feline leukaemia virus (FeLV). No oocysts of T. gondii were observed in 96 faecal samples; faecal samples were not available from the feral cats. Other intestinal parasites identified included Isospora felis (three cats), Isospora rivolta (five), Dipylidium canium (two), Toxocara cati (four), Toxascaris leonina (one), and Ancylostoma sp. (two). Using a kinetics-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on 117 sera including all the feral cats, nine had antibody to T. gondii antigen, three for antigens to FIV, and seven to the p27 antigen of FeLV. Of the nine cats with antibody to T. gondii, only one was also infected with FIV.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Gatos/epidemiología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Felino/epidemiología , Parasitosis Intestinales/veterinaria , Leucemia/veterinaria , Toxoplasmosis Animal/epidemiología , Animales , Gatos , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/aislamiento & purificación , Parasitosis Intestinales/epidemiología , Leucemia/epidemiología , Virus de la Leucemia Felina/aislamiento & purificación , Taiwán/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
The feline T-cell lymphotropic lentivirus (feline immunodeficiency virus) is a recently described feline-specific retrovirus that can produce chronic immunodeficiency-like disorders in cats. A microdilution plate format enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed to detect the presence of antibody to the virus in feline serum or plasma. Temporal studies performed with experimentally infected animals show that seroconversion can be demonstrated 3 to 4 weeks after exposure to the virus. Results of a serosurvey (n = 1,556 samples) indicate that infection is fairly common in both clinic (5.2%) and sick cat (15.2%) populations. Western blot (immunoblot) and sodium dodecyl sulfate radioimmunoprecipitation assays were developed to confirm microdilution plate test results and to identify peptides specific for the feline immunodeficiency virus. All microdilution plate test positive results and selected negative results were confirmed by one or both of these procedures. These data demonstrate that this microassay plate enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is a very sensitive and specific test for detection of antibody to the feline immunodeficiency virus.