Discriminatory of some morphometry and biological aspects of the Cycad blue butterfly, Chilades pandava reared on Cycas and Zamia ornamental palms / Discriminação de alguns aspectos morfométricos e biológicos da borboleta azul Cycad, Chilades pandava, criada em palmeiras ornamentais Cycas e Zamia

The serious blue butterfly, Chilades pandava -Horsfield, 1829- (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is consider one of the main destructive insect pests for ornamental palms Cycas and Zamia. Biological and morphological measurements were carried out of C. pandava stages reared on Cycas revoluta (Cycadaceae) and Zamia encephalartoides (Zamiaceae). In description details, non-significant variations were recorded between the two gender of cycad blue butterfly in the obtained data, but the male adult was more densely blue or violet than female adult. By the aid of SEM, C. pandava all stages were distinct by long and thick hairs covered all the body. The morphometric characters namely, length, width and venation of wings, body length, forewing, hindwing could be as a guide for taxonomic discrimination. The data showed that the life cycle duration of C. pandava was ranged between 20.64 to 21.7 days. The developmental periods of different C. pandava stages are slightly higher on zamia than cycas palms. This investigation detected that a high survival rate was found on Cycas palms (86%) than the survived rate recording on Zamia palms (82%). In the present study, the described morphometric characters could be used as a guide for taxonomic discrimination of this pest. Consequently, this study added a valuable knowledge about C. pandava to have sound decisions for proposal of its management and conservation in Egypt.

A borboleta azul séria, Chilades pandava - Horsfield, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), é considerada uma das principais pragas de insetos destrutivas para as palmeiras ornamentais Cycas e Zamia. Medidas biológicas e morfológicas foram realizadas em estádios de C. pandava criados em Cycas revoluta (Cycadaceae) e Zamia encephalartoides (Zamiaceae). Nos detalhes da descrição, variações não significativas foram registradas entre os dois gêneros de borboleta azul cicadácea nos dados obtidos, mas o adulto masculino era mais densamente azul ou violeta do que o adulto feminino. Com o auxílio do MEV, C. pandava, todos os estágios foram diferenciados por pelos longos e grossos que cobriam todo o corpo. Os caracteres morfométricos a saber, comprimento, largura e venação das asas, comprimento do corpo, asa anterior e posterior, podem servir de guia para a discriminação taxonômica.Os dados mostraram que a duração do ciclo de vida de C. pandava variou entre 20,64 e 21,7 dias. Os períodos de desenvolvimento dos diferentes estágios de C. pandava são ligeiramente maiores em zamia do que em cicas. Essa investigação detectou que uma alta taxa de sobrevivência foi encontrada em palmeiras Cycas (86%) do que a taxa de sobrevivência registrada em palmeiras Zamia (82%). No presente estudo, os caracteres morfométricos descritos podem servir de guia para a discriminação taxonômica dessa praga. Consequentemente, este estudo agregou um conhecimento valioso sobre C. pandava para ter decisões acertadas para a proposta de seu manejo e conservação no Egito.

Discriminatory of some morphometry and biological aspects of the Cycad blue butterfly, Chilades pandava reared on Cycas and Zamia ornamental palms.

The serious blue butterfly, Chilades pandava -Horsfield, 1829- (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae) is consider one of the main destructive insect pests for ornamental palms Cycas and Zamia. Biological and morphological measurements were carried out of C. pandava stages reared on Cycas revoluta (Cycadaceae) and Zamia encephalartoides (Zamiaceae). In description details, non-significant variations were recorded between the two gender of cycad blue butterfly in the obtained data, but the male adult was more densely blue or violet than female adult. By the aid of SEM, C. pandava all stages were distinct by long and thick hairs covered all the body. The morphometric characters namely, length, width and venation of wings, body length, forewing, hindwing could be as a guide for taxonomic discrimination. The data showed that the life cycle duration of C. pandava was ranged between 20.64 to 21.7 days. The developmental periods of different C. pandava stages are slightly higher on zamia than cycas palms. This investigation detected that a high survival rate was found on Cycas palms (86%) than the survived rate recording on Zamia palms (82%). In the present study, the described morphometric characters could be used as a guide for taxonomic discrimination of this pest. Consequently, this study added a valuable knowledge about C. pandava to have sound decisions for proposal of its management and conservation in Egypt.

The role of adenoviruses in the pertussis syndrome.

To define the role of adenoviruses in the pertussis syndrome, a study was done of a group of 134 children with clinical pertussis and a healthy control population of similar age, race, sex, and socioeconomic status. Adenovirus infections occurred in 30 (22.4%) of 134 patients with the pertussis syndrome and 5 (4.9%) of 101 control subjects (p smaller than 0.001). B. pertussis was recovered from 46 (34.3%) patients, and from 18 (39.1%) of these patients adenoviruses were also isolated. Although adenovirus infections also occurred in patients with the pertussis syndrome with negative cultures for B. pertussis, the rate, 12 of 88 patients (13.6%), was significantly lower (p smaller than 0.001). The clinical course was similar irrespective of the results of bacterial or viral cultures. These data substantiate the frequent association of adenoviruses with the pertussis syndrome, It would appear that adenoviruses do not usually have an independent role in the pathogenesis of the pertussis syndrome since we found them so commonly to be one agent in a mixed infection.