Activity and levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in saliva of children and young adults with dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Cytokines play an important role in the immunopathogenesis of dental caries. A systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out with the following three objectives: 1)To deepen and discuss through a comprehensive analysis of the literature the effects of dental caries on the activity and levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8 in saliva of children and young adults, 2)To compare the levels of this cytokines in saliva of the exposure group (moderate-severe dental caries) with the control group (caries-free or mild dental caries), and 3)To determine whether the levels of these cytokines could be used as a complementary clinical diagnostic tool to assess the severity of dental caries. METHODS: The protocol followed PRISMA and Cochrane guidelines and was registered in the Open Science Framework (OSF): https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MF74V . A digital search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane, Scopus, and Google Schoolar databases from February 15th, 2012, to January 13th, 2024. The methodological validity of the selected studies was assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) tool. A meta-analysis was performed using a random-effects model to evaluate the association between dental caries/health, and the concentration of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-8. RESULTS: The search strategy provided a total of 126 articles, of which 15 investigations met the inclusion criteria. The total number of patients studied was 1,148, of which 743 represented the case/exposure group, and 405 represented the control group. The age of the patients ranged from 3 to 25 years. IL-6 was the most prevalent cytokine in the saliva of children and young adults with active dental caries. The meta-analysis revealed that there are significant differences between the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in saliva of children with active dental caries compared to their control groups. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that IL-6 and TNF-α levels may have potential as complementary biomarkers for assessing dental caries severity. However, further research is needed to validate these findings in larger and more diverse populations before clinical application.

IL-23/IL-17 axis levels in gingival crevicular fluid of subjects with periodontal disease: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The IL-23/IL-17 axis plays an important role in the immunopathogenesis of periodontal disease. A systematic review was conducted to synthesize all research reporting on the levels of the IL-23/IL-17 axis in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) from subjects with gingivits, and periodontitis, compared to healthy controls. METHODS: The protocol followed the PRISMA, and Cochrane guidelines, and was registered with the Open Science Framework (OSF): https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/7495V . A search was conducted in the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Schoolar, and Cochrane from November 15th, 2005, to May 10th, 2023. The quality of the studies was assessed using the JBI tool for cross-sectional studies. RESULTS: The search strategy provided a total of 2,098 articles, of which 12 investigations met the inclusion criteria. The total number of patients studied was 537, of which 337 represented the case group (subjects with gingivitis, and chronic periodontitis), and 200 represented the control group (periodontally healthy subjects). The ages of the patients ranged from 20 to 50 years, with a mean (SD) of 36,6 ± 4,2, of which 47% were men, and 53% were women. 75% of the investigations collected GCF samples with absorbent paper strips, and analyzed cytokine IL-17 levels individually. In addition, qualitative analysis revealed that there are differences between IL-23/IL-17 axis levels in subjects with chronic periodontitis, gingivitis and healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: Thus, IL-23/IL-17 axis levels could be used in the future as a diagnostic tool to distinguish between periodontal diseases.

Implant-supported prosthetic rehabilitation after Ameloblastomas treatment: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Ameloblastoma (AM), the benign counterpart of ameloblastic carcinoma, is a benign odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin, naturally aggressive, with unlimited growth potential and a high tendency to relapse if not adequately removed. Patients with AM treated surgically can benefit from dental implant therapy, promoting oral rehabilitation and improving their quality of life. The present study aimed to determine the survival rate of dental implants placed after surgical treatment of patients affected by AM. In addition, there were two secondary objectives: 1) To evaluate which dental implant loading protocols are most frequently used and 2) To determine the type of prosthetic restoration most commonly used in these patients. METHODS: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines were followed during the study. Searches were performed in three databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar) until November 2023. Additionally, the electronic search was enriched by an iterative hand search of journals related to oral pathology and medicine, maxillofacial surgery, and oral prosthodontics and implantology. Only reports and case series in English from January 2003 to date were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute tool (JBI-Case Reports/Case Series) was used for the study quality assessment. RESULTS: The total number of patients and implants studied were 64 and 271, respectively, all with surgically treated AM. The patient's ages ranged from 8 to 79 years, with a mean (SD) age of 37.3 ± 16.4. Fifty-three percent were male and 47% were female. The range of follow-up duration was 1 to 22 years. An implant survival/success rate of 98.1% was reported. In addition, most of them were conventionally loaded (38.3%). Hybrid implant-supported fixed dentures were the most commonly used by prosthodontists (53%). CONCLUSIONS: Oral rehabilitation with dental implants inserted in free flaps for orofacial reconstruction in surgically treated patients with AM can be considered a safe and successful treatment modality.

Bioinformatic Analysis of the Effect of Silver Nanoparticles on Colorectal Cancer Cell Line.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most diagnosed cancer with the highest mortality rate each year globally. Although there are treatments for CRC, the development of resistance to therapies decreases the success of treatments. In vitro studies using the Caco-2 cell line have revealed the anticancer properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a possible treatment for this disease. This study considered four researches that evaluated the proteomic profiles of cells of the Caco-2 line exposed to AgNPs. We performed a bioinformatics analysis to predict protein-protein interaction, hub genes, Gene Ontology (molecular function, biological process, and cellular components), KEGG pathways, analysis of expression, and immune cell infiltration. For these analyses, the STRING, DAVID, UALCAN, GEPIA2, and TISIDB databases were used. The results in Gene Ontology show that AgNPs cause a deregulation of genes related to cell-cell adhesion, the cytoplasm, the centriole, and carbon metabolism. Hub genes were identified, including GADPH, ENO1, EEF2, and ATP5A1, which showed differential expression in patients with adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum. Additionally, the expression of the hub genes and immune cells was correlated. It was found that ATP5A1 and ENO1 were positively correlated with the infiltration of CD4+ T lymphocytes in colon adenocarcinoma and a negative correlation between GADPH and PDIA3 with the infiltration of NK cells and CD4+ T lymphocytes in rectal adenocarcinoma, respectively. In conclusion, the administration of AgNPs causes an alteration of biological processes, cellular components, metabolic pathways, deregulation of hub genes, and the activity of immune cells leading to a potential anticancer effect.

Relation of serum IL-32 levels and gene polymorphism rs45499297 with obesity in Mexican patients: a laboratory and in silico analysis.

Introduction: Background: many genes have been involved in the development of obesity. Interleukin 32 (IL-32) is a proinflammatory cytokine; rs45499297 is a T/C promoter, single-nucleotide polymorphism of the IL32 gene. Objectives: this study aimed to evaluate the rs45499297 polymorphism and its association with obesity. Another objective of this study was to carry out an in silico analysis. Methods: this study was cross-sectional, and included 333 subjects classified by body mass index and fat percentage. The plasma glucose and lipid profile were measured. We measured serum IL-32 protein by ELISA and the rs45499297 polymorphism by PCR-RFLP. We used several databases to build the IL32 gene network and infer transcription factors that bind to this polymorphic site. Results: subjects underweight and with low fat percentages had lower levels of IL-32. CT genotype and allele C were less frequent in the overweight/obesity group than in the normal-weight group. Interestingly, this result remained only in the male gender. We found that the transcription factors Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor and Specificity Protein 1 bind to this polymorphic site. In addition, we infer that IL32 is involved in metabolic pathways related to viral infections. Conclusion: the TC genotype is associated with overweight/obesity. The decrease in levels of IL-32 observed in underweight and low fat percentage groups could be due to an impaired inflammatory profile. The in silico analysis showed that several transcriptional factors bind at this polymorphic site, and that the enrichment of the metabolic pathways is diverse.

Introducción: Introducción: la interleucina 32 es una citocina proinflamatoria. El rs45499297 es un polimorfismo de nucleótido simple del gen de IL32, situado en la región promotora y caracterizado por un cambio de T/C. Objetivo: evaluar el polimorfismo rs45499297 y su asociación con la obesidad, y realizar un análisis in silico. Métodos: el estudio fue transversal e incluyó 333 sujetos clasificados por índice de masa corporal y porcentaje de grasa. Se midieron la glucosa y el perfil lipídico, así como los niveles séricos de IL-32 mediante ELISA y el genotipo del polimorfismo rs45499297 mediante PCR-RFLP. Para el análisis in silico se utilizaron varias bases de datos para hacer la red de genes de IL32 e inferir factores de transcripción unidos al sitio polimórfico. Resultados: los sujetos con bajo peso y bajo porcentaje de grasa tienen niveles más bajos de IL-32. El genotipo TC y el alelo C se encontraron con menos frecuencia en los sujetos con sobrepeso/obesidad que en los normopeso, resultado que permaneció solo en el género masculino. Se encontró que el factor nuclear de los hepatocitos y la proteína de especificidad 1 se unen a este sitio polimórfico. Se infiere que IL32 está involucrado en vías metabólicas relacionadas con las infecciones virales. Conclusión: el genotipo TC está asociado al sobrepeso/la obesidad. La disminución de los niveles de IL-32 observada en los sujetos con bajo peso y bajo porcentaje de grasa podría ser por un perfil inflamatorio alterado. El análisis in silico mostró que varios factores de transcripción se unen al sitio polimórfico y que el enriquecimiento de las vías metabólicas es diverso.

A Review of the Effects of Gold, Silver, Selenium, and Zinc Nanoparticles on Diabetes Mellitus in Murine Models.

Diabetes mellitus is a disease that presents great challenges for healthcare systems worldwide, and the identification of alternative therapies for the treatment of this disease is of vital importance. Metallic nanoparticles (gold, silver, and selenium) and metallic oxide (ZnO) have been studied in different areas such as medicine, biotechnology, the environment, and the food industry with promising results. In medicine, current research has revealed these nanoparticles' anti-diabetic properties thanks to the implementation of animal models. This review will address the existing antecedents and the effects of gold, silver, selenium, and zinc oxide nanoparticles in diabetes administered alone, functionalized with other molecules, or combined with drugs that have shown promising therapeutic effects. The anti-diabetic effects of these nanoparticles are related to the regulation of glucose, insulin, and lipid profiles. In addition, oxidative stress markers, liver and kidney markers, the reduction of inflammation, apoptosis of the pancreas, and the restoration of normal liver and kidney histology are also reported in the literature after using these nanoparticles. However, the therapeutic effects that these nanoparticles provide are limited due to the lack of specific protocols dictated by international organizations to evaluate the risks of using these nanoparticles.