RESUMEN
Introduction Dermatophytosis is a superficial mycosis that affects the keratinized structures of skin, hair, and nails. In recent years, there has been a marked rise in superficial fungal infections in several parts of our country. Most of the cases are presented with chronic, recurrent, and resistant infections. There are no comprehensive data on the status of cases in our area. Currently, we have noticed a gradual decline in the number of cases in our day-to-day outpatient department compared to previous years. Therefore, the current retrospective study was conducted to assess the actual status and clinico-demographic trends of dermatophytosis among patients who visited the tertiary care hospital. Methods The current study is a retrospective study of 78,028 patients of dermatophytosis who reported to the tertiary care hospital. Data like demographic details, clinical examination findings, and laboratory investigation reports of patients were extracted from available records year-wise from 2018 to 2022. Results There was an initial rise of dermatophytosis until 2019 and, thereafter, a downward trend. Males (60.04%) outnumbered females (39.94%) with a proportion of 1.5:1. Most common age group belongs to 21-30 years (28.64%), of which a majority (53.07%) of patients had a disease duration of more than three months. The majority of patients (51.1%) belong to rural backgrounds, but there was urban predominance following the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. The most common organism isolated from culture was Trichophyton mentagrophytes (61.98%) in the initial phases (2018 and 2019) and T. rubrum (31.67%) in the later phases (2020-2022). In the current study, a family history of dermatophytosis was present in 27% of cases. Tinea corporis was the most common (34.34%) clinical variant with atopic diathesis as a major co-morbidity (9.94%). Conclusion The findings of this study showed an initial increasing trend until 2019 and, thereafter, a downward trend. Therefore, similar types of studies may be carried out in different parts of the country to assess the actual status and, hence, a better and more efficient management of the disease.
RESUMEN
Background and objectives Lupus vulgaris is a chronic, progressive, paucibacillary form of cutaneous tuberculosis that occurs in persons with moderate to high immunity. Due to its varied clinical presentation, it can masquerade as different dermatological conditions. This study describes the demographic patterns and varieties of clinical manifestations that can be possible in this curable illness. Methods This study was conducted over two years and included 19 patients with histopathologically confirmed lupus vulgaris in Odisha, India. Demographic data, clinical features, and response to treatment are presented. Results Thirteen cases (68.4%) were seen in adults and six (31.6%) in pediatric patients. The lower limbs were the more affected (n=10), followed by the upper limb (6), the face (2), and the chest (1). All but one patient had plaque-type lesions. On histopathology, all showed a tuberculoid granuloma with no demonstration of acid-fast bacilli with Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Conclusion In the present study, the incidence was mostly observed in the young and higher activity age groups (5-40 years). Plaque-type lesions were most commonly encountered. In histopathology, all the cases had tubercular granuloma-type lesions without any incidence of malignant transformations. All the patients responded well to conventional multi-drug anti-tubercular chemotherapeutic regimens.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory skin disorder. Several studies have been published regarding its prevalence, demographic details, clinical spectrum, and various associated factors. In our out patient department (OPD), we noticed an increase in the number of cases of CLE in our area in the last few years. Therefore, the current cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the trends of CLE among patients who reported to a tertiary care hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current study is a record-based cross-sectional study of 81 patients of CLE, who attended the dermatology OPD of a tertiary care hospital. Data were collected from 2017 to 2022 and were divided into three different periods of time (2017-2018, 2019-2020, and 2021-2022). Demographic details, clinical examination findings, and laboratory investigation reports were also collected. RESULTS: There was a rising trend in the cases of CLE. Females outnumbered males (2:1, 66.67%). The increase in cases from 2017-2018 to 2019-2020 was 157% and from 2019-2020 to 2021-2022 was 204%. In 2021-2022, 52% of cases of chronic CLE (CCLE) were males. Photosensitivity was the most common finding. The majority of patients were addicted to smoking. CONCLUSION: The current study noticed an increasing trend in all types of CLE. So, this rising trend should be investigated for possible triggering factors like climatic changes, infections, and drug factors with a larger sample size.
RESUMEN
Acrodermatitis enteropathica (AE) is a rare inherited form of defective zinc absorption usually manifesting as eczematous and erosive dermatitis preferably over periorificial and acral areas which at times mimics various hereditary palmoplantar keratodermas (PPK). We reported a 6-year-old boy who presented with hard plaques over both palm and sole, and periorificial areas, and flexion attitude of digits without any history of diarrhea and prolonged illness. The patient improved dramatically with zinc supplementation including correction of flexion deformities of the fingers. There was improvement of serum alkaline phosphatase level within 3 months. The lesions reappeared again whenever there was discontinuation of therapy for few weeks, thus confirming it to be zinc deficiency dermatoses. This kind of manifestation has rarely been described in earlier literature.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Topical corticosteroids (TCs) are widely used for various indications in dermatology. However, these can cause a plethora of symptoms if overused or abused. Topical steroid damaged face is a relatively new entity which was described in 2008. TC abuse cause a myriad of side effects viz, erythema, telangiectasia, acne, acneiform eruption, hyper/hypopigmentation, rosacea, and photosensitivity when used inappropriately. AIM: The aim of the study was to ascertain the prevalence, demographics, and clinical presentations of TC abuse on faceamong our population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study performed at dermatology department of a tertiary care teaching hospitallocated in eastern India for 1 year. All patients with facial dermatoses attending the outpatient department were asked about use of TC in recent past and those with positive history were included. A detailed clinical evaluation was undertaken and various demographic and clinical data were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 316 patients (53 males, 263 females) presented with topical steroid-induced facial dermatoses during the entire study period. Majority of them used these agents on suggestion of close friends and relatives, pharmacists, television commercials, and doctors. Mometasone in the form "No-Scar" preparation was the most commonly abused topical steroid in our study. The most common side effects encountered were steroid-induced acne (45.2%) or flare of pre-existing acne followed by erythema and telangiectasia (21.2%), hypertrichosis (6.6%), rosacea (2.2%), and atrophy (1.5%). The most common reason for abusing TC was to get a fairer skin tone. CONCLUSION: Our study reports the clinical patterns of TC abused facial dermatoses. The fantasy to get a fairer skin among the people of our country has led to the abuse of topical corticosteroids. We conducted this study to create awareness among these patients about the dreadful effects of steroid misuse.
RESUMEN
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a proliferative disorder of plasma cells which produce abnormal immunoglobulin proteins. Skin involvement is rarely found in this disorder. They are either specific or nonspecific lesions. We report four such interesting patients who presented to us initially with common dermatoses such as leukocytoclastic vasculitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and vesiculobullous disorders and were subsequently diagnosed to have MM. There were no skeletal involvements or renal function abnormality at the time of presentation. Unusual presentation, nonresponsiveness to conventional therapy, and abnormal blood parameters prompted us to suspect some underlying systemic conditions which were later confirmed to be MM after serum immunoelectrophoresis for M-band and bone marrow biopsy.
RESUMEN
We report two cases of epitheloid hemangioma presented with multiple nodular lesions over head and neck region. One of them gave history of bleeding on minor trauma. Pyogenic granuloma was considered as a differential diagnosis from the morphological appearance and history of bleeding. Nodular leprosy, sarcoidosis, and secondary syphilis were also considered. Histopathological examination of both was typical of epitheloid hemangioma, an entity commonly overlooked clinically due to its rarity.
RESUMEN
Inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevus (ILVEN) is a pruritic, erythematous scaly epidermal nevus which follows a Blaschko's lines. Lichen striatus, linear Darier disease, linear porokeratosis, linear lichen planus, linear psoriasis, and the verrucous stage of incontinentia pigmenti may all have similar clinical presentations as the linear verrucous epidermal nevus. ILVEN can be distinguished from true nevoid psoriasis by pruritus and lack of response to antipsoriatic treatments. Various therapeutic modalities have been described, but no one therapy has been successful consistently. Though giant ILVEN is a relative contraindication to surgical excision, here we report a case showing effectiveness of full thickness excision and skin grafting for this condition.
RESUMEN
Gorlin Syndrome, a rare genodermatosis, otherwise known as Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) is a multisystem disease affecting skin, nervous system, eyes, endocrine glands, and bones. It is characterized by multiple basal cell carcinomas, palmoplantar pits, jaw cysts, and bony deformities like kyphoscoliosis and frontal bossing. We would like to report a case of Gorlin syndrome with classical features, as this is a rare genodermatosis.
RESUMEN
A 2-year-old girl presented with coarse, thick hairy skin all over the body, a tuft of hair in the parietal region, coarse facial features and a prominent forehead with a large tongue, hepatosplenomegaly and skeletal deformities. Mucopolysaccharides excretion spot test of the urine was positive; and an assay for glycosaminoglycans in the urine was also high, which confirmed the clinical diagnosis of Hurler syndrome. We present this rare case to discuss the possibility of the association of mental retardation with a tuft of hair in this syndrome.
