A Mini Review on Discovery and Synthesis of Remdesivir as an Effective and Promising Drug against COVID-19.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) as a new human coronavirus has begun spreading over Wuhan City/China in December 2019, and then spread rapidly worldwide, causing pneumonia called COVID-19. Up to now, the scientists have extensively attempted to find effective vaccines and drugs for treatment of coronavirus infections. To this end, various pharmaceutical agents are undergoing the clinical studies to assess their potency and efficacy against COVID-19. Based on the new findings, the U.S. food and drug administration (FDA) has issued an emergency use authorization for remdesivir as an effective anti-viral for remedying the hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Recently, the European medicines agency has authorized the use of remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19. Remdesivir as a nucleotide prodrug exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activities against RNA viruses. In this short review, we have rendered a brief overview of discovery and synthesis for remdesivir.

Carbon composite-PVC based membrane coated platinum electrode for chromium determination.

A new synthesized 1-(2-(1H-imidazole-1-yl)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethylidene)-2-phenyl hydrazine has been used as an ionophore in carbon composite-PVC coated platinum electrode for fabrication of chromium(III)-selective sensor. The homogenization procedure of membrane mixture was performed by applying of the ultrasound in this respect. The sensor shows a good Nernstian slope of 19.62 ± 0.45 mV decade(-1) in a wide linear range concentration of 8.4 × 10(-8)-1.0 × 10(-2)M and a detection limit of 6.8 × 10(-8)M for Cr(NO(3))(3). The proposed electrode has a short response time of about 10s and is reproducible and stable for a period of at least 2 months. The performance of the sensor is pH independent in the pH range of 3.3-5.9 and it also works well in partially non-aqueous medium. The electrode has good selectivity relative to variety of metal ions. The practical analytical utility of the electrode is demonstrated by measurement of Cr(III) quantitatively in multivitamin, mineral water and also as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of chromium (III) against EDTA.

A selective and sensitive carbon composite coated platinum electrode for aluminium determination in pharmaceutical and mineral water samples.

A novel coated wire electrode (CWE) for Al(III) ions is described based on 2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-yl)-1-phenylethanoneoxime as a new ionophore in carbon-PVC composite. The sensor exhibits significantly enhanced selectivity toward Al(3+) ions over the concentration range 4.3 x 10(-7) to 5.0 x 10(-2)M with a lower detection limit of 2.5 x 10(-7) M and a Nernstian slope of 19.41+/-0.52 mV decade(-1) of aluminium activity. This sensor has a short response time of about 10s and is reproducible and stable for at least forty-five days. This proposed CWE which is designed for the first time revealed good selectivity for Al(III) over a wide variety of other cations. The performance of the sensor is best in the pH range of 3.1-5.5 and it also works well in partially non-aqueous medium. Moreover, the assembly has been successfully used as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of aluminium (III) against EDTA and also in determining Al(III) quantitatively in pharmaceutical and mineral water samples.