[Study of neuroprotective, antihypoxic and antiamnesic effects of new mixture of tripeptides].

A new mixture of tripeptides (NMT: H-Lys-Asp-Glu-OH, H-Asp-Glu-Pro-OH, H-Asp-Glu-Arg-OH) in doses of 150 and 300 mg/kg per day produces clearly pronounced neuroprotective effect in rats with brain ischemia and decreases neurologic deficiency 1.1 times more effectively than reference drug semax. NMT (10, 50 and 150 mg/kg) had marked antihypoxic effect on mice in hermetic and altitude chamber. NMT in doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg was more effective than semax in hermetic chamber (1.3 and 1.5 times, respectively) and in a dose of 150 mg/kg in altitude chamber (1.9 times). NMT (50 and 150 mg/kg) had also marked antiamnesic effect on model amnesia caused by scopolamine in rats and was more effective (1.5 and 1.4 times, respectively) than semax in equal doses. NMT (50 and 150 mg/kg) also had marked antiamnesic effect on model amnesia caused by maximal electroshock and complex extreme factors in mice and in both doses was 4 times more effective than semax on the first model and in a dose of 150 mg/kg was 2.9 times more effective on the second model. NMT (50 mg/kg) increased the amplitude of transcallosal evoked potential in rat brain by 69% and was more effective than semax in equal dose. Thus, NMT is a promising neurotropic drug with neuroprotective, antihypoxic and antiamnesic activity.

[The problem of viral hepatitis C in the Russian Federation].

The incidence of chronic viral hepatitides (CVH) has increased 2.2-fold in the Russian Federation over the past decade. This increase is mainly determined by an almost threefold rise in the incidence of chronic hepatitis C (CHC): from 12.9 in 1999 to 39.1 per 100,000 population in 2012. The calculated data of hepatitis C burden in the Russian Federation show that in 2010 the total medical and social losses and expenses associated with hepatitis C and its implications were 48.47 billion rubles or 0.108% of the gross domestic product, the direct medical costs were 17.1 billion (35.28%) rubles, GDP losses were 26.05 billion (53.75%) rubles, and the disability payments were 5.32 billion (10.97%) rubles. The patients (mean age 45 years) with liver cirrhosis (LC) were 15.2% in the structure of the CHC patients (mean age 37 years) admitted to Moscow infectious diseases hospitals in 2010. Analysis of the regional registers of the Russian Federation, the proportion of patients with LC among those with CHC was 18%. The existing forms for recording morbidity and mortality from poor CHC outcomes cannot significantly estimate the true disease stage distribution of patients and hepatitis C-associated disability and mortality rates. In this connection, it is necessary to introduce a federal register and to change recording forms for patients with viral hepatitides. Standard interferon, pegylated interferon alpha 2a and pegylated alpha 2b, and the HCV protease inhibitors telaprevir, boceprevir, and simeprevir have been registered for the treatment of hepatitis C in the Russian Federation.

[The burden of viral hepatitis in the Russian Federation requires reducing its progression for the long term, including chronic hepatitis C)].

AIM: To evaluate the impact of using the innovative antiviral drugs in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) on the disease burden in the long term. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A program was developed to increase the availability of innovative antiviral therapy (AVT) in patients with CHC covering the period from 2013 to 2020. To evaluate the impact of the program on the burden of hepatitis C (HC) in the Russian Federation, a Markov model of the disease progression was developed till 2030. Calculations were made in medical and social perspectives. RESULTS: The implementation of the program will allow to decrease the medical costs by RBL 2 billion and budget costs, including disability payments, by RBL 3.8 billion by 2030. During this period, in GDP losses will decrease by RBL 1.1 trillion and the total burden of HC taking into account the cost of the program by RBL 1 trillion. CONCLUSION: For the first time it was shown that the expanding coverage of CHC patients with innovative AVT will allow to reduce the costs of health and social services.

[Immunogenetic predictors of a rapid virologic response to antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C].

AIM: To determine the correlation between interleukin 28B (IL28B) gene polymorphism in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC), the presence or absence a rapid virologic response to antiviral therapy, and a number of immunological characteristics as a basis for a personalized approach to treating the patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Seventeen CHC patients infected with hepatitis C virus genotype 1b were examined and underwent genetic testing for IL28B gene polymorphism for rs12979860 (CC, CT or TT genotypes) and rs8099917 (TT, TG or GG genotypes) using the modified method of adjacent samples, which revealed single nucleotide substitutions in the genes. Their immunological parameters were identified by a flow cytometry technique by taking into account whether a rapid virologic response had been achieved. RESULTS: The key phenomena of a rapid virologic response in the representatives of different IL28B genotypes are the nonspecific proliferative activity of blood natural killer cells before treatment, as well as the count of regulatory T cells before and 4 weeks after therapy start. CONCLUSION: To predict the efficiency of antiviral therapy for CHC, it is desirable to supplement genetic studies with immunological data.