Immunohistochemical and Morphometric Evaluation of Gastrocnemius Muscle and Myotendinous Junction of Golden Retriever Dogs with Muscular Dystrophy

In this research we studied the alterations in the muscles and myotendinous junction of dogs with muscular dystrophy. Gastrocnemius muscle (GM) and myotendinous junction (MTJ) samples of 3 controls and 6 dystrophic dogs were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical assays. Histopathological/histomorphometric analysis showed that the lesions in the GM were more pronounced and showed the highest percentage of Fiber Type II (FTII) and low values for the minimum diameters and areas of Fiber Type I (FTI) and FTII than those in the MTJ. FTII in dystrophic MTJ was morphologically similar to the controls. There was a significant difference (p 0.07) in the MHCI antigen compared to the control. We conclude that the preservation of the morphological features of the MTJ can be directly related to a better stabilization of FTII, lower expression of the MHCI complex and less cytotoxic activity of CD8.(AU)

Immunohistochemical and Morphometric Evaluation of Gastrocnemius Muscle and Myotendinous Junction of Golden Retriever Dogs with Muscular Dystrophy

In this research we studied the alterations in the muscles and myotendinous junction of dogs with muscular dystrophy. Gastrocnemius muscle (GM) and myotendinous junction (MTJ) samples of 3 controls and 6 dystrophic dogs were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical assays. Histopathological/histomorphometric analysis showed that the lesions in the GM were more pronounced and showed the highest percentage of Fiber Type II (FTII) and low values for the minimum diameters and areas of Fiber Type I (FTI) and FTII than those in the MTJ. FTII in dystrophic MTJ was morphologically similar to the controls. There was a significant difference (p 0.07) in the MHCI antigen compared to the control. We conclude that the preservation of the morphological features of the MTJ can be directly related to a better stabilization of FTII, lower expression of the MHCI complex and less cytotoxic activity of CD8.

Avaliação da eficácia de crioprotetores permeantes e não permeantes no descongelamento rápido e lento do sêmen canino / Evaluating the effectiveness of permeating and non-permeating cryoprotectants in fast and slow defrosting of canine semen

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between cryoprotectants little studied in Brazil such as dimethylformamide and trehalose amid thinner, using protocols of fast and slow defrosting. Three adult Labrador Retrievier male, healthy dogs, weekly submitted to one semen collection during five-weeks period, were used. The base diluent medium used in this study was tris-citrate added with 3% of dimethylformamide + 3% glycerol (D1), 3%  dimethylformamide and trehalose (D2) and 4% glycerol (D3). At defrosting, half of the semen samples from each diluent medium was defrosted by rapid method in water-bath at 75 C for seven minutes, followed by a new immersion at 37 C for 1 minute. The other half of the samples was defrosted by slow method, in water-bath at 37 C for 1 minute. The semen was evaluated for sperm progressive motility and vigor, besides membrane integrity. For this, the semen samples were submitted to either hyposmotic and membrane integrity tests of the plasmatic membrane and acrosome  (fluorescence). The results indicated that the use of glycerol as cryoprotector in TRIS diluter provides greater efficacy in cryopreserving spermatozoa of the canine species, when compared to dimethylformamide associated with trehalose or glycerol.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da associação entre crioprotetores ainda pouco estudados no Brasil como a dimetilformamida e a trealose em meio diluidor, por meio de protocolos de descongelamento rápido e lento. Foram utilizados três cães machos, adultos, sadios da raça Labrador do Retrievier, que foram submetidos a uma coleta de sêmen semanal durante o período de cinco semanas. Os três meios diluentes utilizados neste estudo foram: (D1)-tris-citrato, acrescido de 3% de dimetilformamida + 3% de glicerol, (D2)-3% de dimetilformamida e de trealose e (D3)-4% de glicerol. No descongelamento, metade das amostras de cada meio diluente foi descongelada pelo método rápido, em banho-maria a 75 ºC por sete segundos, seguido de nova imersão a 37 ºC por 1 minuto. A outra metade foi descongelada pelo método lento, em banho-maria à 37 ºC por 1 minuto. O sêmen foi avaliado quanto à motilidade progressiva, vigor espermáticos e integridade de membrana. Pra isso, as amostras foram submetidas aos testes hipo-osmótico e de integridade da membrana plasmática e do acrossoma (fluorescência). Os resultados indicam que o uso do glicerol como crioprotetor em diluidor TRIS proporciona maior eficácia na criopreservação dos espermatozoides da espécie canina, quando comparados com a dimetilformamida associada ao glicerol ou trealose.

Avaliação da eficácia de crioprotetores permeantes e não permeantes no descongelamento rápido e lento do sêmen canino / Evaluating the effectiveness of permeating and non-permeating cryoprotectants in fast and slow defrosting of canine semen

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between cryoprotectants little studied in Brazil such as dimethylformamide and trehalose amid thinner, using protocols of fast and slow defrosting. Three adult Labrador Retrievier male, healthy dogs, weekly submitted to one semen collection during five-weeks period, were used. The base diluent medium used in this study was tris-citrate added with 3% of dimethylformamide + 3% glycerol (D1), 3%  dimethylformamide and trehalose (D2) and 4% glycerol (D3). At defrosting, half of the semen samples from each diluent medium was defrosted by rapid method in water-bath at 75 C for seven minutes, followed by a new immersion at 37 C for 1 minute. The other half of the samples was defrosted by slow method, in water-bath at 37 C for 1 minute. The semen was evaluated for sperm progressive motility and vigor, besides membrane integrity. For this, the semen samples were submitted to either hyposmotic and membrane integrity tests of the plasmatic membrane and acrosome  (fluorescence). The results indicated that the use of glycerol as cryoprotector in TRIS diluter provides greater efficacy in cryopreserving spermatozoa of the canine species, when compared to dimethylformamide associated with trehalose or glycerol.(AU)

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da associação entre crioprotetores ainda pouco estudados no Brasil como a dimetilformamida e a trealose em meio diluidor, por meio de protocolos de descongelamento rápido e lento. Foram utilizados três cães machos, adultos, sadios da raça Labrador do Retrievier, que foram submetidos a uma coleta de sêmen semanal durante o período de cinco semanas. Os três meios diluentes utilizados neste estudo foram: (D1)-tris-citrato, acrescido de 3% de dimetilformamida + 3% de glicerol, (D2)-3% de dimetilformamida e de trealose e (D3)-4% de glicerol. No descongelamento, metade das amostras de cada meio diluente foi descongelada pelo método rápido, em banho-maria a 75 ºC por sete segundos, seguido de nova imersão a 37 ºC por 1 minuto. A outra metade foi descongelada pelo método lento, em banho-maria à 37 ºC por 1 minuto. O sêmen foi avaliado quanto à motilidade progressiva, vigor espermáticos e integridade de membrana. Pra isso, as amostras foram submetidas aos testes hipo-osmótico e de integridade da membrana plasmática e do acrossoma (fluorescência). Os resultados indicam que o uso do glicerol como crioprotetor em diluidor TRIS proporciona maior eficácia na criopreservação dos espermatozoides da espécie canina, quando comparados com a dimetilformamida associada ao glicerol ou trealose.(AU)

Avaliação da eficácia de crioprotetores permeantes e não permeantes no descongelamento rápido e lento do sêmen canino

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between cryoprotectants little studied in Brazil such as dimethylformamide and trehalose amid thinner, using protocols of fast and slow defrosting. Three adult Labrador Retrievier male, healthy dogs, weekly submitted to one semen collection during five-weeks period, were used. The base diluent medium used in this study was tris-citrate added with 3% of dimethylformamide + 3% glycerol (D1), 3% dimethylformamide and trehalose (D2) and 4% glycerol (D3). At defrosting, half of the semen samples from each diluent medium was defrosted by rapid method in water-bath at 75 °C for seven minutes, followed by a new immersion at 37 °C for 1 minute. The other half of the samples was defrosted by slow method, in water-bath at 37 °C for 1 minute. The semen was evaluated for sperm progressive motility and vigor, besides membrane integrity. For this, the semen samples were submitted to either hyposmotic and membrane integrity tests of the plasmatic membrane and acrosome (fluorescence). The results indicated that the use of glycerol as cryoprotector in TRIS diluter provides greater efficacy in cryopreserving spermatozoa of the canine species, when compared to dimethylformamide associated with trehalose or glycerol.

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da associação entre crioprotetores ainda pouco estudados no Brasil como a dimetilformamida e a trealose em meio diluidor, por meio de protocolos de descongelamento rápido e lento. Foram utilizados três cães machos, adultos, sadios da raça Labrador do Retrievier, que foram submetidos a uma coleta de sêmen semanal durante o período de cinco semanas. Os três meios diluentes utilizados neste estudo foram: (D1)-tris-citrato, acrescido de 3% de dimetilformamida + 3% de glicerol, (D2)-3% de dimetilformamida e de trealose e (D3)-4% de glicerol. No descongelamento, metade das amostras de cada meio diluente foi descongelada pelo método rápido, em banho-maria a 75ºC por sete segundos, seguido de nova imersão a 37 ºC por 1 minuto. A outra metade foi descongelada pelo método lento, em banho-maria à 37 ºC por 1 minuto. O sêmen foi avaliado quanto à motilidade progressiva, vigor espermáticos e integridade de membrana. Pra isso, as amostras foram submetidas aos testes hipo-osmótico e de integridade da membrana plasmática e do acrossoma (fluorescência). Os resultados indicam que o uso do glicerol como crioprotetor em diluidor TRIS proporciona maior eficácia na criopreservação dos espermatozoides da espécie canina, quando comparados com a dimetilformamida associada ao glicerol ou trealose.

Utilização de Prilocaína, associada com Clorpromazina, no bloqueio do plexo branquial em gatos (Felis Domestica) / Use of Prilocaine, associated with Chlorpromazine, for the brachial plexus blockade in cats

Para analisar a eficácia da prilocaína no bloqueio do plexo braquial em gatos, foram utilizados 10 animais adultos, machos e fêmeas, sem raça definida. Os animais receberam clorpromazina (1,0mg/kg VO) e posteriormente submetidos ao bloqueio do plexo braquial do membro torácico esquerdo com prilocaína 3%, na dose de 5,0 mg/kg. O tempo da latência motora e sensitiva foi em média 2,7 minutos e 8,4 minutos, respectivamente. Observou-se que toda a porção distal à articulação escápulo-umeral apresentava-se anestesiada. A prilocaína a 3% é eficiente no bloqueio do plexo branquial em gatos

In order to evaluate the efficacy of prilocaine for the brachial plexus blockade in cats, tem adult crossbreed cats, male and female, were studied. The animals received clorpromazin (1.0mg/kg orally) and subsequently were submitted to the brachial plexus blockade using 3% prilocaine at 5.0mg/kg. The mean motor and sensory latency was 2.7 min and 8.4 min, respectively. The mean duration of the motor and sensory blockade was 73 min and 58.6 min, respectively. It was observed anesthesia of the entire portion distal to scapula-humeral joint. Prilocaine at 3% was shown be an efficient tool for the brachial plexus blockade in cats

Utilização de Prilocaína, associada com Clorpromazina, no bloqueio do plexo branquial em gatos (Felis Domestica) / Use of Prilocaine, associated with Chlorpromazine, for the brachial plexus blockade in cats

Para analisar a eficácia da prilocaína no bloqueio do plexo braquial em gatos, foram utilizados 10 animais adultos, machos e fêmeas, sem raça definida. Os animais receberam clorpromazina (1,0mg/kg VO) e posteriormente submetidos ao bloqueio do plexo braquial do membro torácico esquerdo com prilocaína 3%, na dose de 5,0 mg/kg. O tempo da latência motora e sensitiva foi em média 2,7 minutos e 8,4 minutos, respectivamente. Observou-se que toda a porção distal à articulação escápulo-umeral apresentava-se anestesiada. A prilocaína a 3% é eficiente no bloqueio do plexo branquial em gatos(AU)

In order to evaluate the efficacy of prilocaine for the brachial plexus blockade in cats, tem adult crossbreed cats, male and female, were studied. The animals received clorpromazin (1.0mg/kg orally) and subsequently were submitted to the brachial plexus blockade using 3% prilocaine at 5.0mg/kg. The mean motor and sensory latency was 2.7 min and 8.4 min, respectively. The mean duration of the motor and sensory blockade was 73 min and 58.6 min, respectively. It was observed anesthesia of the entire portion distal to scapula-humeral joint. Prilocaine at 3% was shown be an efficient tool for the brachial plexus blockade in cats(AU)